(a) \(rac{1}{2}\) Let S be the sample spaceThen n(S) = Number of four digit numbers that can be formed with out repetition1 of 4 digits1 of 3 digits1 of 2 digits1 of 1 digitThHTO= 4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 ways = 24 ways. Let E : Event of forming odd 4 digit numbers with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 without repetition. Then, the ones place can be filled by the odd digits 1 or 3, in 2 ways. The thousands place can be filled with the remaining 3 digits in 3 ways The hundreds place can be filled with the remaining 2 digits in 2 ways The tens place can be filled with the remaining 1 digit in 1 way∴ n(E) = 2 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 12∴ P(E) = \(rac{n(E)}{n(S)}\) = \(rac{12}{24}\) = \(rac{1}{2}\).