‘Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water but there is still scarcity of water across the globe. -SST 10th

‘Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water but there is still scarcity of water across the globe. -SST 10th
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Answer :

Water scarcity is due to the following causes:  (i) 96.5 per cent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as oceans and only 2.5 per cent as fresh water. Nearly 70 per cent of this freshwater occurs as ice sheets and glaciers, while a little less than 30 per cent is stored as groundwater in the world’s aquifers.  (ii) Water availability varies over space and time mainly due to the variation in seasonal and annual precipitation.  (iii) Rapid urbanisation  (iv) Rapid increase in population that demand more and more water.  (v) Industrialisation is another cause; large industrial houses are using more and more water. (vi) More water is required to generate electricity.  (vii) Rising income levels also create more demand for water.
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