India receives nearly 4 per cent of the global precipitation. The total renewable water resources of India are estimated at 1,897 sq km per annum. Inspite of this fact that water is available in abundance in India, scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of the country. At present India ranks 133rd in the world in terms of water availability per person per annum. It is predicted that by 2025, large parts of India will join countries or regions having absolute water scarcity. Geographically, some parts of India like the desert region of Rajasthan receive low rainfall and are drought-prone. Thus, water shortage is a common and regular problem of such regions.The metropolitan cities of India like Mumbai and Kolkata face acute water shortage on account of large and dense populations and their urban lifestyles requiring more water and power consumption. The multistoreyed buildings and housing complexes or colonies have their own groundwater pumping devices which lead to over-exploitation and depletion leading to water scarcity. In the industrial areas of Uttar Pradesh, National Capital Region, Bihar etc. water pollution due to discharge of effluents and industrial wastes and chemicals has turned big rivers like Ganga and Yamuna into toxic streams. Though freshwater resources are present in sufficient quantities, it is unfit and hazardous for human use. In agriculturally advanced regions of India like Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh,to facilitate higher foodgrain production for our growing population, water resources are being over-exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry-season agricultrure. Over-irrigation in these areas have adversely affected water-availability.