Petroleum is a major energy source in India after coal. The two advantages of petroleum are: (i) It provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a number of manufacturing industries. (ii) Petroleum refineries act as a “nodal industry” for synthetic textile, fertiliser and numerous chemical industries. (iii) About 63 per cent of India’s petroleum production is from Mumbai High,18 per cent comes from Gujarat and 16 per cent from Assam.