Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, government authorities realised that the tiger population had dwindled to 1827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century. The major threat to tiger population include poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey based species, growing human population and deforestation. Among these poaching for trade of skins and bones is the primary reason behind dwindling of tiger population to such an extent, that it is on the verge of extinction. Since India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world, these two countries became prime targets for poaching of tiger and illegal trading. Thus, the central government announced the Project Tiger with the objective of protecting this species which was gravely threatened. ‘Project Tiger’ one of the well-publicised wildlife campaign in the world, was launched in India in 1973. The objectives of Project Tiger are as follows : (i) Banning hunting and poaching of tiger. (ii) Restricting trade of tiger skin, bones. etc. (iii) Giving legal protection to their habitats by creating tiger reserves, e.g., Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand and Sunderbans in West Bengal. There are 27 tiger reserves in India covering an area of 37,761 sq. km.