1. Paul Bernard, an influential writer, and policymaker, strongly believed that the economy of the colonies needed to be developed as the main aim of acquiring these colonies was to make a profit. 2. He believed that a developed economy and a decent standard of living of the people would enable them to buy more goods and services. This situation would contribute to the expansion of the markets and consequently would also lead to better profits for French business. 3. Bernard suggested that there were several barriers to economic growth in Vietnam including high population levels, low agricultural productivity and extensive indebtedness among peasants. 4. He believed that land reforms were a pre-requisite in reducing rural poverty and increasing agricultural productivity. 5. He further mentioned the necessity of industrializing the economy of Vietnam along with land reforms as an essential measure in creating more job opportunities.