' (i) Expensive new technology: New technologies and machines were expensive, so the pioducers and the industrialists were cautious about using them. (ii) Costlier repair : The machines often broke down and the repair was costly. (iii) Less effective : They were not as effective as their inventors and manufacturers claimed. (iv) Availability of cheap workers : Poor peasants and migrants moved to cities in large numbers in search of jobs. So the supply of workers was more than the demand. Therefore, workers were available at low wages. (v) Uniform machine-made goods: A range of products could be produced only with hand labour. Machines were oriented to producing uniforms, standardised goods for a mass market. But the demand in the market was often for goods with intricate designs and specific shapes. In the mid-nineteenth century. Britain, for instance. 500 varieties of hammers were produced, and 15 kinds of axes. These required human skill, not mechanical technology.