Recent questions tagged technology-of-inorganic-chemicals

Description : Heating of coke, sand & phosphate rock in an electric furnace is done for the manufacture of (A) Phosphoric acid (B) Superphosphate (C) Phosphorous (D) Triple superphosphate

Last Answer : (C) Phosphorous

Description : Write down the industrial application of following : (i) Hydrochloric acid (ii) Sulphuric acid (iii) Nitric acid

Last Answer : Uses of hydrochloric acid  Used in or as a) Pickling of steel b) Regeneration of Ion exchange c) Production of inorganic compounds d) Oil production e) Leather processing Uses of ... For manufacturing of ammonium nitrate b) For nitration reaction c) Rocket propellant d) Cleaning agent

Description : Explain the concept of absorption for the manufacturing of carbon dioxide. 

Last Answer : Concept of absorption for manufacturing of CO2 by flue gas  Absorption is unit operation used to separate gas from gas mixture. An absorbent is used in which gas in absorbed. Combustion gases are ... CO2 is condensed cooled in precooler and sent to liquid CO2 receiver for liquefaction.   

Description : Describe the manufacturing process of caustic soda with process flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Manufacturing Process of caustic soda : Process description   Purified saturated brine is heated and electrolyzed in a diaphragm cell. The cell operating at 45-55% decomposition efficiency, ... Chlorine is collected, dried, compressed and cooled upto-30oC and collected as liquid chlorine.

Description : Explain the manufacturing of Di-ammonium phosphate with a process flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Di Ammonium Phosphate  Anhydrous and dry ammonia and phosphoric acid are charged into the first reactor. About 80% neutralization is done in the first reactor. Further ammonia is added to second reactor. So conversion to ... .  Reaction NH3 + H3PO4 → NH4H2PO4 NH3 + NH4H2PO → (NH4)2HPO4

Description : Give the raw materials, chemical reaction and industrial application for manufacturing of ammonium sulphate. 

Last Answer : Raw Material for Ammonium Sulphate Ammonia + Sulfuric acid Or Coal + carbon monoxide +carbon dioxide + ammonia Or Ammonia + carbon dioxide + gypsum Chemical reaction for Ammonium sulphate ... application Used as or in Fertilizer an additive water treatment and /or cleaning additive

Description : Explain the manufacturing process of phosphoric acid with chemical reaction and process flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Phosphoric acid by wet process 1. H2SO4 leaching Reaction: Process: Phosphate rock is ground and fed to chute where a recycle stream of weak phosphoric acid washes into reaction ... Phosphoric acid is recovered in triple effect evaporator and CaCl2 is separated from final settler.

Description : Explain manufacturing of water gas with the help of process flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Water Gas (continuous process): Raw materials: Steam, coal, oxygen Reactions:  Process description: This process was invented in 1940 by Germans. This process is based on use of tonnage ... in the products of combustion mainly Nitrogen,CO2,CO are allowed to pass into the atmosphere

Description : Describe the various types of refractivity. 

Last Answer : Types of refractories The refractory material are commonly classified in three categories Acid Refractories These are acidic in nature. Examples of acidic Refractories are silica and fire clay ... both acidic and basic actions. These are chromite, graphite, silicon carbide etc refractories. 

Description : Describe the manufacturing process of potassium fertilizer.  

Last Answer : Potassium Fertilizer The main potassium fertilizers are potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate. Manufacturing of potassium nitrate: KCl and chilled 60-70% HNO3 are fed into reactor at 5- ... Lump material from cooler is crushed and finished or can be compacted and granulated with KCl. 

Description : Explain how yellow phosphorous is converted into red phosphorus. 

Last Answer : Conversion of Yellow Phosphorous to Red phosphorous  Yellow phosphorus is converted into red phosphorous in covered retorts containing a reflux condenser to retain any evolved phosphorous vapors. The vessel is gradually ... as reaction is exothermic. Reaction P4 (Yellow) + heating = P4 (Red)

Description : Write the industrial applications of (i) Urea (ii) Ammonia.  

Last Answer : Industrial applications of Urea  1. As a fertilizer 2. Cattle feed 3. For production of urea formaldehyde 4. As a flame retreading agent Industrial applications of ammonia 1. For production ... 3. For production of ammonium nitrate 4. For production of ammonium phosphate 5. As refrigerant

Description : Draw a process flow diagram for manufacturing of sulphuric acid.

Last Answer : PFD of Sulfuric acid production

Description : Draw a flow sheet diagram of manufacturing of producer gas and explain its working. 

Last Answer : Producer gas, It is a mixture of flammable gases (principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and nonflammable gases (mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide) made by the partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, ... valve on the top. Producer gas is cooled by passing through waste heat boiler.  

Description : Classify the cement on the basis of constituents. 

Last Answer : Types of cement 1) Portland cement 2) Pozzolanic cement 3) Natural cement 4) High alumina cement 5) Super sulphate cement 6) Quick setting cement

Description : Draw process flow diagram of manufacturing of soda ash. 

Last Answer : PFD for manufacturing of Soda Ash  

Description : Distinguish between single and triple superphosphate with respect to raw material and uses. 

Last Answer : Single and triple super phospahte w.r.t. raw material and uses

Description : Draw the process flow diagram for manufacturing of ammonium nitrate.  

Last Answer : PFD of Ammonium Nitrate

Description : Explain the manufacturing process of nitric acid.

Last Answer : Manufacturing process of Nitric Acid  Ammonia and air are compressed and send to the catalytic converter. Ammonia is oxidized and converted into nitric oxide. Large heat is evolved which is utilized to run turbine by ... heating. Reaction 4NH3+5O2 = 4NO +6H2O 2NO+O2 = 2NO2 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO

Description : Give any two properties of area and also raw materials used for urea.

Last Answer : Properties of urea M.P 133 oC MW 60 Soluble in water Non toxic Non flammable Raw materials: 1.Carbon dioxide 2.Ammonia

Description : Write the reaction involved in manufacturing of sulphuric acid. 

Last Answer : Reactions in sulfuric acid manufacturing S + O2 = SO2 SO2 + ½ O2 = SO3 SO3 + H2O =H2SO4

Description : List the industrial applications of ammonium nitrate.

Last Answer : Industrial applications of Ammonium nitrate Used as or in 1. Fertilizer 2. Explosive 3. Instant cold pack 4. Guanidine nitrate 5. Alternative to 5-aminotetrazole (used in airbags)

Description : Write any two properties and any two applications of caustic soda. 

Last Answer : Properties of caustic soda  MW : 40, BP : 1390oC, MP : 318 oC , Very soluble in water with high exothermic heat of reaction. Uses of Caustic soda  1. Textile industry 2. Paper and Pulp 3. Alumina 4. Soap and detergent 5. Dyes

Description : Write the significance of calcinations for cement process.  

Last Answer : Calcination in cement process  Calcination reactions usually take place at or above the thermal decomposition temperature (for decomposition and volatilization reactions) or the transition temperature (for phase transitions ... CaCO3 → CaO + CO2(g) CaO is important constituent of cement. 

Description : Write the principle in the manufacturing of oxygen and nitrogen.

Last Answer : Claudes Principle  When a cooled compressed gas is allowed to some external work e.g. pushing the piston of gas engine, it falls in temperature. Lindes Principle  The principle underlying is joule ... expand suddenly through a small orifice into a region of low pressure it falls in temperature. 

Description : Apply the principle of DCDA in manufacturing of sulfuric acid with flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Sulfuric acid production S + O2 = SO2 SO2 + ½ O2 = SO3 SO3 + H2O =H2SO4 Description: Molten sulfur is oxidized with air in burner. Heat produced is recovered in waste heat boiler. Gas ... sulfur is converted two times i.e. SO2 and SO3. SO3 is absorbed in two scrubbers in series.  

Description : Describe the manufacturing of producer gas by using coal. 

Last Answer : Producer gas, It is a mixture of flammable gases (principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and nonflammable gases (mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide) made by the partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, usually ... gas producer. Formation of producer gas from air and carbon:

Description : Enlist industrial application of Soda Ash.

Last Answer :  Industrial application of soda ash In the manufacturing of - Glass manufacturing Soap/detergents Pulp and paper Desulfurization Textile processing dyes and coloring agents used to improve ... ores food additive used as an acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent, and stabilizer

Description : Identify and manufacture the phosphorous required for match box sticks. 

Last Answer : Red phosphorus is used in production of match boxes. Red Phosphorous Production Raw material: Phosphate rock, coke, sand Reaction: Phosphate rock is ground, mixed with portion ... when approximately 70% has been converted. Heat control is required as reaction is exothermic.   

Description : Describe manufacturing of phosphoric acid with raw material. Reactions and flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Phosphoric acid by wet process 1. H2SO4 leaching Reaction: Process: Phosphate rock is ground and fed to chute where a recycle stream of weak phosphoric acid washes into reaction tank. ... acid is recovered in triple effect evaporator and CaCl2 is separated from final settler.   

Description : State the industrial applications of mixed fertilizers. 

Last Answer : Industrial Applications of mixed fertilizers  No industrial application. It is used as fertilizer.

Description : Explain the manufacturing of ‘carbon dioxide’. 

Last Answer : Manufacturing of CO2  Combustion gases are mainly consists of carbon dioxide. To get pure carbon dioxide combustion gases must be cleaned and CO2 should be separated. These two important steps ... Finally CO2 is condensed cooled in precooler and sent to liquid CO2 receiver for liquefaction. 

Description : Summarize the properties of good ‘refractoriness’. 

Last Answer : Good refractoriness  Refractoriness is a property at which a refractory will deform under its own load. The refractoriness is indicated by PCE (Pyrometric cone equivalent). It should be higher than the ... increase of load. The load bearing capacity of a refractory can be measured by RUL test. 

Description : Describe manufacturing process of ‘Chlorine’.

Last Answer :  Manufacturing Process of chlorine Purified saturated brine is heated and electrolyzed in a diaphragm cell. The cell operating at 45-55% decomposition efficiency, discharges 10-12% solution ... . The solution is periodically removed and concentrated to obtain pure crystalline sodium carbonate.  

Description : Explain the manufacturing of Triple super phosphate with flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Triple superphosphate  This material is much more concentrated fertilizer then ordinary superphosphate it contains from 45 to 46% of available P2O5 of nearly three times the amount in the regular ... Exhaust gases from granulator and cooler are scrubbed with water to remove silicofluorides.  

Description : State the raw materials for manufacturing of ammonia. Write the balanced chemical reaction also. 

Last Answer : Ammonia Raw Material Synthesis gas as a source of hydrogen Air as source of nitrogen Reaction : N2+3H2 =2NH3

Description : Draw the process flow diagram for manufacturing of sulphuric acid. 

Last Answer : PFD of Sulfuric acid production :

Description : Explain preparation of Hydrogen from water gas.  

Last Answer : Hydrogen from water gas (Bosch Process) In the Bosch process, large quantities of hydrogen are produced from cheap raw materials such as water and coke. When steam is passed over red ... caustic soda solution. Any unreacted carbon dioxide is absorbed in ammoniacal solution of copper ethanoate. 

Description : Explain the function of constituents of cement.  

Last Answer : Constituent of cement and their function 1.Lime (CaO) Lime or calcium oxide is the most important ingredient of cement. The cement contains 60 to 67% of lime in it. It is obtained ... more than 1% then it will cause several problems like alkali aggregate reaction, efflorescence, staining etc.    

Description : Explain the manufacturing process of Di-Ammonium Phosphate. 

Last Answer : Di Ammonium Phosphate  Anhydrous and dry ammonia and phosphoric acid are charged into the first reactor. About 80% neutralization is done in the first reactor. Further ammonia is added to second reactor. So ... obtained.  Reaction NH3 + H3PO4 NH4H2PO4 NH3 + NH4H2PO (NH4)2HPO4

Description : Explain the manufacturing process of ‘urea’.  

Last Answer : Urea by Montecatini Process: Process description : Ammonia and carbon dioxide are compressed separately and added to the high pressure autoclave which must be water cooled due to highly exothermic reaction. The ... the melting point for processing time of 1-2 seconds in this phase of the operation.

Description : Draw the process flow diagram for manufacturing of Hydrochloric acid (HCl)  

Last Answer :  PFD for manufacturing of HCl OR

Description : Enlist the raw material required in manufacturing of Ammonium Nitrate. 

Last Answer : Raw materials required for ammonium nitrate Ammonia Nitric Acid 

Description : Enlist the reactions involved in manufacturing of Nitric Acid.

Last Answer : Reaction involved in manufacturing of nitric acid 4NH3+5O2 = 4NO +6H2O 2NO+O2 = 2NO2 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO

Description : State industrial use of Ammonium Sulphate.  

Last Answer : Applications of ammonium sulphate as a fertilizer as a preparation for vaccines and purifying water for pharmaceuticals as a dough conditioner as a component in fire extinguisher powder and flame-proofing agents. 

Description : Define red and yellow phosphorous. 

Last Answer : Yellow Phosphorous Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15 with selfimagination property when exposed to air. Red Phosphorous Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15 

Description : Enlist raw material for the manufacturing of Soda Ash.  

Last Answer : Raw materials for Sodium Carbonate Salt(brine) Coal limestone 

Description : Define ‘Refractory’. Give it’s type. 

Last Answer : Refractory Refractory is a material which can withstand high temperature and does not fuse. Types Acid refractories Basic Refractories Neutral refractories

Description : List the industrial application of ‘water gas’ and ‘producer gas’.

Last Answer : Industrial Applications of water gas To remove carbon dioxide from fuel cells. As a fuel gas It is used in the Fischer-Tropsch process. It is used to obtain pure hydrogen to synthesize ammonia ... blast furnaces As a fuel in cement and ceramic kilns, for mechanical power through gas engines.

Description : Apply the Physico – Chemical principle in the manufacture of Sulphuric acid by contact process. 

Last Answer : Physico-Chemical principles in sulfuric acid production Temperature Sulfur dioxide and oxygen then react as follows: According to the Le Chatelier's principle, a lower temperature should be ... 1 : 1 mixture turns out to give you the best possible overall yield of sulphur trioxide.