How is "Consumption tax" considered fair?

How is "Consumption tax" considered fair?
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Depends a lot on what is included and not. Groceries, for example, are usually excluded from state sales tax.
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Forced Savings refer to - (1) Reduction of consumption consequent to a rise in prices (2) Taxes on individual income and wealth (3) Compulsory deposits imposed on income tax payers (4) Provident fund contribution of private sector employees

Description : Forced Savings refer to - (1) Reduction of consumption consequent to a rise in prices (2) Taxes on individual income and wealth (3) Compulsory deposits imposed on income tax payers (4) Provident fund contribution of private sector employees

Last Answer : (1) Reduction of consumption consequent to a rise in prices Explanation: Forced saving is an economic situation in which consumers spend less than their disposable income, not because they want to ... free economy, this situation would normally result in increase in prices and inflow of more goods.

Forced Savings refer to (1) Reduction of consumption consequent to a rise in prices (2) Taxes on individual income and wealth (3) Compulsory deposits imposed on income tax payers (4) Provident fund contribution of private sector employees

Description : Forced Savings refer to (1) Reduction of consumption consequent to a rise in prices (2) Taxes on individual income and wealth (3) Compulsory deposits imposed on income tax payers (4) Provident fund contribution of private sector employees

Last Answer :  Reduction of consumption consequent to a rise in prices

A siuation where we have people whose level of income is not sufficient to meet the minimum consumption expenditure is considered as - (1) Absolute Poverty (2) Relative Poverty (3) Urban Poverty (4) Rural Poverty

Description : A siuation where we have people whose level of income is not sufficient to meet the minimum consumption expenditure is considered as - (1) Absolute Poverty (2) Relative Poverty (3) Urban Poverty (4) Rural Poverty

Last Answer : (1) Absolute Poverty Explanation: Absolute poverty is defined as a situation in which the individual's basic needs are not covered, in other words, there is a lack of basic goods and services ( ... shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to services."

A situation where we have people whose level of income is not sufficient to meet the minimum consumption expenditure is considered as (1) Absolute Poverty (2) Relative Poverty (3) Urban Poverty (4) Rural Poverty

Description : A situation where we have people whose level of income is not sufficient to meet the minimum consumption expenditure is considered as (1) Absolute Poverty (2) Relative Poverty (3) Urban Poverty (4) Rural Poverty

Last Answer : Absolute Poverty

The price that is announced before the sowing season is called: (a) Issue price (b) Fair price (c) Market price (d) Minimum support price

Description : The price that is announced before the sowing season is called: (a) Issue price (b) Fair price (c) Market price (d) Minimum support price

Last Answer : (d) Minimum support price

P D S is associated with: (a) fair price shops (b) cooperative stores (c) super bazars (d) none of the above

Description : P D S is associated with: (a) fair price shops (b) cooperative stores (c) super bazars (d) none of the above

Last Answer : (a) fair price shops

Value of out put and value added can be distinguished if we know: (1) the value of intermediate consumption (2) the value of net indirect taxes (3) the value of the sales (4) the value of consumption of fixed capital

Description : Value of out put and value added can be distinguished if we know: (1) the value of intermediate consumption (2) the value of net indirect taxes (3) the value of the sales (4) the value of consumption of fixed capital

Last Answer : (1) the value of intermediate consumption Explanation: Intermediate consumption is an accounting flow which consists of the total monetary value of goods and services consumed or used up as inputs in ... how it is exactly defined and estimated will importantly affect the size of the GDP estimate.

When income increase, consumption also increases : (1) in a lower proportion (2) in a higher proportion (3) in the same proportion (4) None of the options

Description : When income increase, consumption also increases : (1) in a lower proportion (2) in a higher proportion (3) in the same proportion (4) None of the options

Last Answer : (1) in a lower proportion Explanation: According to the Keynesian Consumption theory, "men are disposed, as a rule and on average, to increase their consumption as their income increases, but ... consume decreases, i.e., house-holds spend a decreasing proportion of marginal income on consumption.

Gresham's law is related to - (1) Consumption and demand (2) Supply and demand (3) Circulation of money (4) Deficit financing

Description : Gresham's law is related to - (1) Consumption and demand (2) Supply and demand (3) Circulation of money (4) Deficit financing

Last Answer : (3) Circulation of money Explanation: Gresham's law is an observation in economics that "bad money drives out good." More exactly, if coins containing metal of different value have the same value as ... 1558 prompted the economist H.D. Macleod to suggest the term Gresham's law in the 19th century.

The Keynesian consumption function shows a relation between - (1) aggregate consumption and total population. (2) aggregate consumption and general price level. (3) aggregate consumption and aggregate income (4) aggregate consumption and interest rate

Description : The Keynesian consumption function shows a relation between - (1) aggregate consumption and total population. (2) aggregate consumption and general price level. (3) aggregate consumption and aggregate income (4) aggregate consumption and interest rate

Last Answer : (3) aggregate consumption and aggregate income Explanation: According to Keynesian Theory of consumption, the current real disposable income is the most important determinant of consumption in the short run. It bases consumption on current income.

Which of the following relations always holds true? (1) Income = Consumption + Investment (2) Income = Consumption + Saving (3) Saving = Investment (4) Income = Consumption + Saving + Investment

Description : Which of the following relations always holds true? (1) Income = Consumption + Investment (2) Income = Consumption + Saving (3) Saving = Investment (4) Income = Consumption + Saving + Investment

Last Answer : (2) Income = Consumption + Saving Explanation: Consumers do one of two things with their disposable income: They save it or they spend it. So Income = Consumption + Saving.

Consumptions function refers to - (1) relationship between income and employment (2) relationship between savings and investment (3) relationship between input and output (4) relationship between income and consumption

Description : Consumptions function refers to - (1) relationship between income and employment (2) relationship between savings and investment (3) relationship between input and output (4) relationship between income and consumption

Last Answer : (4) relationship between income and consumption Explanation: The Consumption function is a single mathematical function used to express consumer spending. It was developed by John Maynard Keynes and ... by current income and induced consumption that is influenced by the economy's income level.

Collective consumption means - (1) household consumption (2) individual consumption (3) self-consumption (4) consumption by the citizens of the country

Description : Collective consumption means - (1) household consumption (2) individual consumption (3) self-consumption (4) consumption by the citizens of the country

Last Answer : (4) consumption by the citizens of the country Explanation: Collective consumption is a concept that refers to the many goods and services that are produced and consumed on a collective level, ... , roads, bridges, public transportation, health care, welfare, fire and police protection, etc.

The value of investment multiplier relates to - (1) change in income due to change in autonomous investment. (2) change in autonomous investment due to change in income. (3) change in income due to change in consumption. (4) change in the income due to change in induced investment.

Description : The value of investment multiplier relates to - (1) change in income due to change in autonomous investment. (2) change in autonomous investment due to change in income. (3) change in income due to change in consumption. (4) change in the income due to change in induced investment.

Last Answer : (2) change in autonomous investment due to change in income. Explanation: The term investment multiplier refers to the concept that any increase in public or private investment spending has a ... . The investment multiplier tries to determine the financial impact for a public or private project.

Goods which are meant either for consumption or for investment are called - (1) Final goods (2) Giffen goods (3) Inferior goods (4) Intermediate goods

Description : Goods which are meant either for consumption or for investment are called - (1) Final goods (2) Giffen goods (3) Inferior goods (4) Intermediate goods

Last Answer : (1) Final goods Explanation: All goods which are meant either (i) for consumption by consumers or (ii) for investment by firms are called final goods. They are finished goods, meant for final ... stages of production. Cars, television sets, cloth, food, machinery, equipments etc. are final goods.

According to Keynes, business cycles are due to variation in the rate of investment caused by fluctuations, in the - (1) Marginal efficiency of capital (2) Marginal propensity to save (3) Marginal propensity to consumption (4) Marginal efficiency to investment

Description : According to Keynes, business cycles are due to variation in the rate of investment caused by fluctuations, in the - (1) Marginal efficiency of capital (2) Marginal propensity to save (3) Marginal propensity to consumption (4) Marginal efficiency to investment

Last Answer : (1) Marginal efficiency of capital Explanation: According to Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money,' business cycles are caused by variations in the rate of investment ... efficiency of capital. Marginal efficiency of capital means the expected profits from new investments.

A supply function expresses the relationship between - (1) price and output (2) price and selling cost (3) price and demand (4) price and consumption

Description : A supply function expresses the relationship between - (1) price and output (2) price and selling cost (3) price and demand (4) price and consumption

Last Answer : (1) price and output Explanation: The supply function expresses the relationship between the Lotal quantily supplied and the price received by all suppliers per unit of time, holding other factors constant. It illustrates the relation between price and supply.

The Psychological law of consumption states that – (1) proportionate increase in consumption is less than proportionate increase in income (2) increase in income is equal to increase in consumption (3) increase in consumption is greater than increase in income (4) consumption does not change with a change in income

Description : The Psychological law of consumption states that - (1) proportionate increase in consumption is less than proportionate increase in income (2) increase in income is equal to increase in consumption (3) ... is greater than increase in income (4) consumption does not change with a change in income

Last Answer : (1) proportionate increase in consumption is less than proportionate increase in income Explanation: According to Keynes' psychological law of consumption, increased aggregate consumption due to increased ... demand of the people are already fulfilled, they start saving the extra additional income.

The excess of price a person is to pay rather than forego the consumption of the commodity is called - (1) Price (2) Profit (3) Producers' surplus (4) Consumer's surplus

Description : The excess of price a person is to pay rather than forego the consumption of the commodity is called - (1) Price (2) Profit (3) Producers' surplus (4) Consumer's surplus

Last Answer : (3) Producers' surplus Explanation: Producer Surplus' is an economic measure of the difference between the amount that a producer of a good receives and the minimum amount that he or she would be ... or surplus amount, is the benefit that the producer receives for selling the good in the market.

Average propensity to consume is defined as - (1) Aggregate consumption +Total population (2) Aggregate income ÷ Aggregate consumption (3) Change in consumption ÷ Change in income (4) Aggregate consumption +Aggregate income

Description : Average propensity to consume is defined as - (1) Aggregate consumption +Total population (2) Aggregate income ÷ Aggregate consumption (3) Change in consumption ÷ Change in income (4) Aggregate consumption +Aggregate income

Last Answer : (4) Aggregate consumption +Aggregate income Explanation: In economics, the average propensity to consume (APC) is defined as the ratio of aggregate or total consumption to aggregate income in a given ... propensity to consume, for any income level, may be found by dividing consumption by income.

Preparation of butter, ghee by a household for their own use is a part of : (1) own-account production (2) household capital formation (3) industrial production (4) consumption

Description : Preparation of butter, ghee by a household for their own use is a part of : (1) own-account production (2) household capital formation (3) industrial production (4) consumption

Last Answer : (4) consumption Explanation: The processing of agricultural products; the production of grain by threshing: the production of flour by milling; the curing of skins and the production of leather ... production of baskets and mats; etc, come under processing of primary commodities for own consumption.

The functional relationship between income and consumption expenditure is explained by - (1) Consumer' Surplus (2) Law of Demand (3) Law of Supply (4) Keynes's psychological law of consumption

Description : The functional relationship between income and consumption expenditure is explained by - (1) Consumer' Surplus (2) Law of Demand (3) Law of Supply (4) Keynes's psychological law of consumption

Last Answer : (4) Keynes's psychological law of consumption Explanation: Keynes defined Psychological Law of Consumption in terms of, "The fundamental psychological law, upon which we are entitled to depend with great ... consumption as their income increases but not by as much as the increase in the income."

Imputed gross rent of owner-occupied buildings is a part of - (1) capital formation (2) final consumption (3) intermediate consumption (4) consumer durable

Description : Imputed gross rent of owner-occupied buildings is a part of - (1) capital formation (2) final consumption (3) intermediate consumption (4) consumer durable

Last Answer : (2) final consumption Explanation: The figure of final private consumption expenditure includes the imputed gross rent of owner-occupied dwellings, consumption of own-account production and payment by ... of production and hence an income and is also a part of final consumption expenditure.

Operating Surplus arises in the - (1) Government Sector (2) Production for self consumption (3) Subsistence farming (4) Enterprise Sector

Description : Operating Surplus arises in the - (1) Government Sector (2) Production for self consumption (3) Subsistence farming (4) Enterprise Sector

Last Answer : (1) Government Sector

As the number of investments made by a firm increases, its internal rate of return - (1) declines due to diminishing marginal productivity. (2) declines because the market rate of interest will fall, ceteris paribus. (3) increases to compensate the firm for the current consumption foregone. (4) increases because the level of savings will fall.

Description : As the number of investments made by a firm increases, its internal rate of return - (1) declines due to diminishing marginal productivity. (2) declines because the market rate of interest will ... the firm for the current consumption foregone. (4) increases because the level of savings will fall.

Last Answer : (3) increases to compensate the firm for the current consumption foregone. Explanation: Internal rates of return are commonly used to evaluate the desirability of investments or projects. The higher a ... of return is greater than an established minimum acceptable rate of return or cost of capital.

Investment multiplier shows the effect of investment on - (1) Employment (2) Savings (3) Income (4) Consumption

Description : Investment multiplier shows the effect of investment on - (1) Employment (2) Savings (3) Income (4) Consumption

Last Answer : (3) Income Explanation: Investment multiplier is simply the multiplier effect of an injection of investment into an economy. The multiplier effect refers to the idea that an initial spending rise can lead to even greater increase in national income

Production function explains the relationship between - (1) initial inputs and ultimate output (2) inputs and ultimate consumption (3) output and consumption (4) output and exports

Description : Production function explains the relationship between - (1) initial inputs and ultimate output (2) inputs and ultimate consumption (3) output and consumption (4) output and exports

Last Answer : (1) initial inputs and ultimate output Explanation: Production function explains the relationship between factor input and output under given technology. It explains as to for increasing the ... . Production function explains the physical relationship between input and output under given technology.

Investment and savings are kept equal through a change in the level of - (1) Consumption (2) Investment (3) Government expenditure (4) Income

Description : Investment and savings are kept equal through a change in the level of - (1) Consumption (2) Investment (3) Government expenditure (4) Income

Last Answer : (1) Consumption Explanation: Desired savings are kept equal to desired investment by responses to interest rate changes. Savings identity or the savings investment identity is a concept in ... brings savings and investment into balance without any intention by business to increase investment.

An economy is in equilibrium when - (1) planned consumption exceeds planned saving (2) planned consumption exceeds planned investment (3) intended saving equals intended investment (4) intended investment exceeds intended savings

Description : An economy is in equilibrium when - (1) planned consumption exceeds planned saving (2) planned consumption exceeds planned investment (3) intended saving equals intended investment (4) intended investment exceeds intended savings

Last Answer : (3) intended saving equals intended investment Explanation: In economics, economic equilibrium is a state of the world where economic forces are balanced and in the absence of external influences ... and intended investment. An economy is in equilibrium when total savings equal total investment.

'Gresham's Law' in Economics relates to (1) supply and demand (2) circulation of currency (3) consumption of supply (4) distribution of goods and services

Description : 'Gresham's Law' in Economics relates to (1) supply and demand (2) circulation of currency (3) consumption of supply (4) distribution of goods and services

Last Answer : (2) circulation of currency Explanation: Gresham's law is an economic principle that states: "When a government compulsorily overvalues one type of money and undervalues another, the undervalued money will leave ... will flood into circulation." It is commonly stated as: "Bad money drives out good."

Payment of water charges by the farmers to the government represents - (1) intermediate consumption (2) final consumption (3) fixed investment (4) inventory investment

Description : Payment of water charges by the farmers to the government represents - (1) intermediate consumption (2) final consumption (3) fixed investment (4) inventory investment

Last Answer : (1) intermediate consumption Explanation: Intermediate consumption is an accounting concept which measures the value of the goods and services consumed as inputs by a process of production. It excludes fixed assets whose ... .g. bulk sugar) or completely used up (e.g. electric power, water, etc).

Income and consumption are : (1) inversely related (2) directly related (3) partially related (4) unrelated.

Description : Income and consumption are : (1) inversely related (2) directly related (3) partially related (4) unrelated.

Last Answer : (2) directly related Explanation: Consumption and income arc directly or positively related. An increase in income is associated with an increase in income; a decrease in consumption accompanies a decrease in income.

Saving is that portion of money income that is - (1) spent for development of Industries (2) not spent on consumption (3) spent on health and education (4) spent for consumer durables

Description : Saving is that portion of money income that is - (1) spent for development of Industries (2) not spent on consumption (3) spent on health and education (4) spent for consumer durables

Last Answer : (2) not spent on consumption Explanation: Saving is income not spent, or deferred consumption. In economics, it refers to any income not used for immediate consumption- consuming less out of a ... is the decision to defer consumption and to store this deferred consumption in some form of asset.

The relationship between the rate of interest and level of consumption was first visualized by - (1) Amartya K. Sen (2) Milton Friedman (3) Irving Fisher (4) James Duesenberry

Description : The relationship between the rate of interest and level of consumption was first visualized by - (1) Amartya K. Sen (2) Milton Friedman (3) Irving Fisher (4) James Duesenberry

Last Answer : (3) Irving Fisher Explanation: Irving Fisher, in His Theory of Interest (1930), found the relationship between interest rates (nominal interest rate and real interest rate) and the ... interest rate on savings and gives an inverse relationship between nominal interest rates and consumer expenditures

Consumption function expresses the relationship between consumption and - (1) savings (2) income (3) investment (4) price

Description : Consumption function expresses the relationship between consumption and - (1) savings (2) income (3) investment (4) price

Last Answer : (2) income Explanation: The consumption function is a mathematical formula laid out by famed economist John Maynard Keynes. The formula was designed to show the relationship between real disposable ... being what Keynes considered the most important determinant of short-term demand in an economy.

Steel sheets used in the production of furnitures is an example of (1) an intermediate good (2) a final good (3) an investment good (4) a consumption good

Description : Steel sheets used in the production of furnitures is an example of (1) an intermediate good (2) a final good (3) an investment good (4) a consumption good

Last Answer : (1) an intermediate good Explanation: Intermediate goods are semifinished products are goods that are used as inputs in the production of oilier goods including final goods. It comprises material or ... , intermediate goods either become part of the final product, or are changed beyond recognition.

Renewable resources are those resources which can be replenished by nature but these resources can be replenished if of the resources is less than the rate of . a. consumption, regeneration b. usage, replenishment c. any of above d. none of the above.

Description : Renewable resources are those resources which can be replenished by nature but these resources can be replenished if of the resources is less than the rate of . a. consumption, regeneration b. usage, replenishment c. any of above d. none of the above.

Last Answer : a. consumption, regeneration

Renewable resources are those resources which can be replenished by nature but these resources can be replenished if of the resources is less than the rate of . a. consumption, regeneration b. usage, replenishment c. any of above d. none of the above.

Description : Renewable resources are those resources which can be replenished by nature but these resources can be replenished if of the resources is less than the rate of . a. consumption, regeneration b. usage, replenishment c. any of above d. none of the above.

Last Answer : c. any of above

What is "mpc"• or the 'marginal propensity to consume'? a) the proportion of total additional planned savings to total additional income b) the proportion of total additional income to total additional planned savings c) the fraction of total additional income that is used for consumption d) none of the above

Description : What is "mpc" or the 'marginal propensity to consume'? a) the proportion of total additional planned savings to total additional income b) the proportion of total additional income to total additional ... c) the fraction of total additional income that is used for consumption d) none of the above

Last Answer : : c) the fraction of total additional income that is used for consumption

What is "mps"• or the 'marginal propensity to save'? a) the proportion of total additional planned savings to total additional income b) the proportion of total additional income to total additional planned savings c) the fraction of total additional income that is used for consumption d) none of the above

Description : What is "mps" or the 'marginal propensity to save'? a) the proportion of total additional planned savings to total additional income b) the proportion of total additional income to total additional ... c) the fraction of total additional income that is used for consumption d) none of the above

Last Answer : a) the proportion of total additional planned savings to total additional incom

The "actual"• value of the variables like consumption, investment, output, etc, is known as: a) ex post measures b) ex ante measures c) ex pre measures d) none of the above

Description : The "actual"• value of the variables like consumption, investment, output, etc, is known as: a) ex post measures b) ex ante measures c) ex pre measures d) none of the above

Last Answer : b) ex ante measures 4) What is "mps"• or the 'marginal propensity t

The "planned"• value of the variables like consumption, investment, output, etc, is known as: a) ex post measures b) ex ante measures c) ex pre measuresd) none of the above

Description : The "planned"• value of the variables like consumption, investment, output, etc, is known as: a) ex post measures b) ex ante measures c) ex pre measures d) none of the above

Last Answer : a) ex post measures

What is the term in economics for the consumption of fixed capital? a) Investment b) Value added c) Production flow d) Depreciation

Description : What is the term in economics for the consumption of fixed capital? a) Investment b) Value added c) Production flow d) Depreciation

Last Answer : d) Depreciation

What are Capital goods? a) Goods used for consumption in the production process b) Goods such as tools, machinery, etc which are used to create final consumer goods c) Goods and services that are consumed fully when purchased by the consumers d) None of the above

Description : What are Capital goods? a) Goods used for consumption in the production process b) Goods such as tools, machinery, etc which are used to create final consumer goods c) Goods and services that are consumed fully when purchased by the consumers d) None of the above

Last Answer : : b) Goods such as tools, machinery, etc which are used to create final consumer goods

What are consumption goods? a) Goods used for consumption in the production process b) Goods such as tools, machinery, etc which are used to create final consumption goods c) Goods and services that are consumed fully when purchased by the consumers d) None of the above

Description : What are consumption goods? a) Goods used for consumption in the production process b) Goods such as tools, machinery, etc which are used to create final consumption goods c) Goods and services that are consumed fully when purchased by the consumers d) None of the above

Last Answer : : c) Goods and services that are consumed fully when purchased by the consumers

On an indifference map, if the income consumption curve slopes downwards to the right it shows that A.Both X and Y are superior goods B.Y is an inferior good C.X is an inferior good D.Both X and Y are inferior goods

Description : On an indifference map, if the income consumption curve slopes downwards to the right it shows that A.Both X and Y are superior goods B.Y is an inferior good C.X is an inferior good D.Both X and Y are inferior goods

Last Answer : B.Y is an inferior good

Law of diminishing marginal utility is based on the assumption that a. Tastes change over time b. Consumption is continuous c. Different units of goods consumed are homogeneous Of these statements: A.Only a is true B.a and c are true C.b and c are true D.All are true

Description : Law of diminishing marginal utility is based on the assumption that a. Tastes change over time b. Consumption is continuous c. Different units of goods consumed are homogeneous Of these statements: A.Only a is true B.a and c are true C.b and c are true D.All are true

Last Answer : D.All are true

Which of the following does not cause a shift in aggregate demand ? (a) Consumption (b) Government expenditure (c) Investment (d) Prices

Description : Which of the following does not cause a shift in aggregate demand ? (a) Consumption (b) Government expenditure (c) Investment (d) Prices

Last Answer : (d) Prices

According to Engel’s Law of consumption, the following commodities are likely to have income elasticity of less than one (a) Garments (b) Motor car (c) Cosmetics (d) Wheat and Rice

Description : According to Engel’s Law of consumption, the following commodities are likely to have income elasticity of less than one (a) Garments (b) Motor car (c) Cosmetics (d) Wheat and Rice

Last Answer : (d) Wheat and Rice

Investment Multiplier is a (a) ratio between income and investment. (b) ratio between investment and savings (c) ratio between consumption and investment (d) None of the abov

Description : Investment Multiplier is a (a) ratio between income and investment. (b) ratio between investment and savings (c) ratio between consumption and investment (d) None of the abov

Last Answer : (b) ratio between investment and savings