Explain the process of commutation in a dc machine. Explain what are inter-poles and why they are required in a dc machine.

Explain the process of commutation in a dc machine. Explain what are inter-poles and why they are required in a dc machine.
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Answer :

Commutation: It is phenomenon when an armature coil moves under the influence of one pole- pair; it carries constant current in one direction. As the coil moves into the influence of the next pole- pair, the current in it must reverse. This reversal of current in a coil is called commutation. Several coils undergo commutation simultaneously. The reversal of current is opposed by the static coil emf and therefore must be aided in some fashion for smooth current reversal, which otherwise would result in sparking at the brushes. The aiding emf is dynamically induced into the coils undergoing commutation by means of compoles or interpoles, which are series excited by the armature current. These are located in the interpolar region of the main poles and therefore influence the armature coils only when these undergo commutation.
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Related questions

Which one of the following statements for a dc machine which is provided with inter pole winding (IW) as well as compensating winding (CW) is correct a) Both IW and CW are connected in series with Armature winding b) Both IW and CW are connected in parallel with Armature winding c) IW connected in series but CW is connected in parallel with Armature winding d) CW connected in series but IW is connected in parallel with Armature winding

Description : Which one of the following statements for a dc machine which is provided with inter pole winding (IW) as well as compensating winding (CW) is correct a) Both IW and CW are connected in ... parallel with Armature winding d) CW connected in series but IW is connected in parallel with Armature winding

Last Answer : Ans: Both IW and CW are connected in series with Armature winding

Which of the listed colors properly describes a DC motor commutator when correct commutation is taking place? A. Shiny blue B. Burnished green C. Brick red D. Chocolate brown

Description : Which of the listed colors properly describes a DC motor commutator when correct commutation is taking place? A. Shiny blue B. Burnished green C. Brick red D. Chocolate brown

Last Answer : Answer: D

What is the function of the interpoles installed in DC motors? A. To provide greater torque by strengthening the main field. B. To provide sparkless commutation without having to shift the brushes. C. To limit the production of counter-electromotive force. D. To limit the starting surge current.

Description : What is the function of the interpoles installed in DC motors? A. To provide greater torque by strengthening the main field. B. To provide sparkless commutation without having to shift the brushes. C. To limit the production of counter-electromotive force. D. To limit the starting surge current.

Last Answer : Answer: B

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Description : What are the different types of chopper with respect to commutation process?

Last Answer : a. Voltage commutated chopper. b. Current commutated chopper. c. Load commutated chopper.

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Description : What are the types of commutation with respect to commutation process?

Last Answer : Voltage commutated chopper Current commutated chopper Load commutated chopper

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Description : Why poles of dc machine are laminated?

Last Answer : Poles of DC machines are laminated to reduce the eddy current losses in the poles.

Which of the listed conditions will occur if the polarity of the field poles and the direction of current to the brushes of a DC motor were both reversed? A. The motor would not start. B. The direction of rotation of the armature would be reversed. C. The direction of rotation of the armature would be unchanged. D. The field pole windings would become overheated.

Description : Which of the listed conditions will occur if the polarity of the field poles and the direction of current to the brushes of a DC motor were both reversed? A. The motor would not start. ... direction of rotation of the armature would be unchanged. D. The field pole windings would become overheated.

Last Answer : Answer: C

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Description : The direction of rotation of a DC propulsion motor can be changed by reversing the _____________. A. brush holder position B. polarity of the field poles C. brush staggered order D. motor interpole connections

Last Answer : Answer: B

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Description : Which of the following statements describes what will happen when both the polarity of the field poles, and the direction of current to the brushes of a DC motor are reversed? A. The motor will ... of rotation of the armature will remain the same. D. The field pole windings will become overheated.

Last Answer : Answer: C

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Description : The function of the commutator in a DC motor is to ________. A. reverse the flow of current through the armature B. reverse the flow of current in the field poles C. reduce the reluctance of the magnetic path through the motor D. shift the neutral running plane of the brushes to prevent sparking

Last Answer : Answer: A

Modern DC generators are fitted with commutating poles to _____________. A. prevent motorizing B. reduce sparking C. reduce the load on the main poles D. reduce spring pressure on the brushes

Description : Modern DC generators are fitted with commutating poles to _____________. A. prevent motorizing B. reduce sparking C. reduce the load on the main poles D. reduce spring pressure on the brushes

Last Answer : Answer: B

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Description : A synchronous motor maintains synchronism with the rotating field because _____________. A. field strength varies directly with rotor slip B. DC current applied to the rotor coils causes the rotor ... the flux created by the excitation current D. the stator flux rotates in the opposite direction

Last Answer : Answer: B

Inter-poles are used in_________.

Last Answer : Inter-poles are used in both lap and wave wound machines.

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Last Answer : Answer: D

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Description : The division of kilowatt load between two paralleled alternators is determined by the _____________. A. amount of field excitation to the leading machine B. load-speed characteristics of the governors C. amount of field excitation to the lagging machine D. number of field poles per alternator

Last Answer : Answer: B

A 400kW, 3-phase, 440V, 50Hz induction motor has a speed of 950 r.p.m. on fullload. The machine has 6 poles. The slip of the machine will be _______________. (A) 0.06 (B) 0.10 (C) 0.04 (D) 0.05

Description : A 400kW, 3-phase, 440V, 50Hz induction motor has a speed of 950 r.p.m. on fullload. The machine has 6 poles. The slip of the machine will be _______________. (A) 0.06 (B) 0.10 (C) 0.04 (D) 0.05

Last Answer : Ans: D N = Ns (1-S) 950 = 120 x 50 (1-S)/6 S = 0.05

Brush sparking during commutation may be caused by ________. A. eddy currents in the armature core B. laminations in the generator field pieces C. induced current opposite to coil inductance D. coil inductance discharge occurring at commutation

Description : Brush sparking during commutation may be caused by ________. A. eddy currents in the armature core B. laminations in the generator field pieces C. induced current opposite to coil inductance D. coil inductance discharge occurring at commutation

Last Answer : Answer: D

How is the inverter circuit classified based on commutation circuitry?

Description : How is the inverter circuit classified based on commutation circuitry?

Last Answer : a. Line commutated inverters. b. Load commutated inverters. c. Self commutated inverters. d. Forced commutated inverters.

What is meant by load commutation?

Description : What is meant by load commutation?

Last Answer : In this process, the load current flowing through the thyristor either becomes zero or is transferred to another device from the conducting thyristor.

What is meant by current commutation?

Description : What is meant by current commutation?

Last Answer : In this process, a current pulse is made to flow in the reverse direction through the conducting thyristor and when the net thyristor current becomes zero, it is turned off.

What is meant by voltage commutation?

Description : What is meant by voltage commutation?

Last Answer : In this process, a charged capacitor momentarily reverse biases the conducting thyristor and turn it off.

What is commutation angle or overlap angle?

Description : What is commutation angle or overlap angle?

Last Answer : The commutation period when outgoing and incoming thyristors are conducting is known as overlap period. The angular period, when both devices share conduction is known as the commutation angle or overlap angle.

What is forced commutation?

Description : What is forced commutation?

Last Answer : The process of the current flowing through the thyristor is forced to become zero by external circuitry is called as forced commutation.

What is natural commutation?

Description : What is natural commutation?

Last Answer : The process of the current flowing through the thyristor goes through a natural zero and enable the thyristor to turn off is called as natural commutation.

What is meant by commutation?

Description : What is meant by commutation?

Last Answer : The process of changing the direction of current flow in a particular path of the circuit. It is used to turn off the SCR.

What is commutation?

Description : What is commutation?

Last Answer : Usually the width of the brush is equal to the two segments of the commutator. Whenever a brush contacts two or more commutator segments, the connected to those segments are short- ... the winding. The remedies for rough commutation are resistance commutation method and emf commutation method.

The introduction of interpoles in between the main pole improves the performance of d.c. machines, because (A) The interpole produces additional flux to augment the developed torque. (B) The flux waveform is improved with reduction in harmonics. (C) The inequality of air flux on the top and bottom halves of armature is removed. (D) A counter e.m.f. is induced in the coil undergoing commutation.

Description : The introduction of interpoles in between the main pole improves the performance of d.c. machines, because (A) The interpole produces additional flux to augment the developed torque. (B) The flux waveform is ... armature is removed. (D) A counter e.m.f. is induced in the coil undergoing commutation.

Last Answer : Ans: D Counter e.m.f is produced, it neutralizes the reactive emf.

If the synchronous speed of a 12 pole, polyphase, induction motor operating at 60 Hz were 600 RPM, how many poles will be required in a similar motor operating at the same frequency but having a synchronous speed of 900 RPM? A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 18

Description : If the synchronous speed of a 12 pole, polyphase, induction motor operating at 60 Hz were 600 RPM, how many poles will be required in a similar motor operating at the same frequency but having a synchronous speed of 900 RPM? A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 18

Last Answer : Answer: C

An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called a. socket b. pipe c. port d. machine

Description : An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called a. socket b. pipe c. port d. machine

Last Answer : a. socket

An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called a. socket b. pipe c. port d. machine

Description : An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called a. socket b. pipe c. port d. machine

Last Answer : a. socket

Which of the following are the parts of a DC generator that convert the AC in the armature to DC in the external circuit. Are these parts the: w) field poles x) slip rings and the brushes y) commutator and the brushes z) armature and the core

Description : Which of the following are the parts of a DC generator that convert the AC in the armature to DC in the external circuit. Are these parts the: w) field poles x) slip rings and the brushes y) commutator and the brushes z) armature and the core

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- COMMUTATOR AND THE BRUSHES

State the function of following parts of DC motor : i) Yoke ii) Poles iii) Field winding iv) Commutator.

Description : State the function of following parts of DC motor : i) Yoke ii) Poles iii) Field winding iv) Commutator. 

Last Answer : Function : i) Yoke: The yoke serves the following two purposes. i) It supports the other components such as poles and provides mechanical protection for whole machine. ii) It forms a part of ... one pole to another and thus to help the motor to develop a continuous and unidirectional torque  

The introduction of interpoles in between the main poles improves the performance of DC machines because:

Description : The introduction of interpoles in between the main poles improves the performance of DC machines because: (A) the interpole produces additional flux to augment the torque developed (B) the flux waveform ... of the armature is removed (D) a counter emf is induced in the coil undergoing commutation

Last Answer : The introduction of interpoles in between the main poles improves the performance of DC machines because: a counter emf is induced in the coil undergoing commutation

For a class D commutation, answer the following: i) Explain the operation with circuit diagram. ii) Interpret with waveforms.

Description : For a class D commutation, answer the following: i) Explain the operation with circuit diagram. ii) Interpret with waveforms.

Last Answer : Class D commutation: This is also called as auxiliary commutation because it uses an auxiliary SCR to switch the charged capacitor across conducting SCR to turn it off. In this scheme, the main ... make SCR1 forward biased and keep ready for next triggering. The above cyclic process is repeated.

Explain auxiliary commutation with a neat diagram. Also draw its waveform.

Description : Explain auxiliary commutation with a neat diagram. Also draw its waveform.

Last Answer : Auxiliary Commutation At start, the Ta is triggered and turned on to carry the load current. Due to the resonant circuit R-L-C, the current initially rises, attains peak and then falls to ... , the firing of auxiliary SCR commutates the main SCR, hence name is auxiliary commutation.

If overloading a DC machine becomes necessary in an emergency, you should ____________. A. cool the machine with portable blowers and fans B. hold thermal overload relays open with blocks of wood C. inject small amounts of CO2 into the windings for cooling D. increase the residual magnetism value of windings to reduce eddy currents

Description : If overloading a DC machine becomes necessary in an emergency, you should ____________. A. cool the machine with portable blowers and fans B. hold thermal overload relays open with blocks of ... the windings for cooling D. increase the residual magnetism value of windings to reduce eddy currents

Last Answer : Answer: A

When using a megohmmeter to determine which shunt field coil is grounded in a DC machine, you must ____________. A. insulate the field frame from the ship's hull B. disconnect each shunt field coil before testing C. use a motor driven high capacity megohmmeter D. remove all main line lead connections before testing

Description : When using a megohmmeter to determine which shunt field coil is grounded in a DC machine, you must ____________. A. insulate the field frame from the ship's hull B. disconnect each shunt ... C. use a motor driven high capacity megohmmeter D. remove all main line lead connections before testing

Last Answer : Answer: B

A flickering ground detection lamp on a DC system would indicate a _____________. A. multiple-ground condition in the distribution system B. ground in an armature coil of an operating machine C. ground in a motor accompanied with a short D. short between two adjacent bars of the generator commutator

Description : A flickering ground detection lamp on a DC system would indicate a _____________. A. multiple-ground condition in the distribution system B. ground in an armature coil of an operating machine C. ground in a motor accompanied with a short D. short between two adjacent bars of the generator commutator

Last Answer : Answer: B

The purpose of a cage rotor winding placed on the rotor of a synchronous motor is to _____________. A. provide excitation to the DC field B. start the machine as an induction motor C. contribute extra torque at synchronous speed D. prevent the machine from falling out of step

Description : The purpose of a cage rotor winding placed on the rotor of a synchronous motor is to _____________. A. provide excitation to the DC field B. start the machine as an induction motor C. contribute extra torque at synchronous speed D. prevent the machine from falling out of step

Last Answer : Answer: B

What is the general difference between DC and AC machine?

Description : What is the general difference between DC and AC machine?

Last Answer : 1. In DC machine armature rotates and the field is stationary, In AC machine armature is stationary and the field is rotating. 2. DC machine contains commutator and brush, AC machine contains slip ring and brush.

The armature of a dc machine is laminated to reduce: (A) Eddy current loss (B) Hysteresis loss (C) copper losses (D) friction and windage losses

Description : The armature of a dc machine is laminated to reduce: (A) Eddy current loss (B) Hysteresis loss (C) copper losses (D) friction and windage losses

Last Answer : Ans: A Thinner the laminations, greater is the resistance offered to the induced e.m.f., smaller the current and hence lesser the I2R loss in the core.

A dc shunt generator has a speed of 800 rpm when delivering 20 A to the load at the terminal voltage of 220V. If the same machine is run as a motor it takes a line current of 20A from 220V supply. The speed of the machine as a motor will be (A) 800 rpm. (B) more than 800 rpm. (C) less than 800 rpm. (D) both higher or lower than 800 rpm.

Description : A dc shunt generator has a speed of 800 rpm when delivering 20 A to the load at the terminal voltage of 220V. If the same machine is run as a motor it takes a line current of 20A from 220V supply. The speed of ... . (B) more than 800 rpm. (C) less than 800 rpm. (D) both higher or lower than 800 rpm.

Last Answer : (C) less than 800 rpm.

The relative speed between the magnetic fields of stator and rotor under steady state operation is zero for a (A) dc machine. (B) 3 phase induction machine. (C) synchronous machine. (D) single phase induction machine.

Description : The relative speed between the magnetic fields of stator and rotor under steady state operation is zero for a (A) dc machine. (B) 3 phase induction machine. (C) synchronous machine. (D) single phase induction machine.

Last Answer : Ans: all options are correct

A transformer in an electric circuit serves to ____________. A. generate its own electrical power B. transform electrical energy into mechanical energy C. increase or decrease circuit voltage as required D. convert AC current to DC current

Description : A transformer in an electric circuit serves to ____________. A. generate its own electrical power B. transform electrical energy into mechanical energy C. increase or decrease circuit voltage as required D. convert AC current to DC current

Last Answer : Answer: C

On AC vessels, which of the following statements represents the most difficult problem involved in obtaining a DC potential suitable for use by computer components? A. A stepdown transformer is always required. B. Vessel vibrations affect the voltage source. C. The voltage must be rectified and made ripple free. D. Rectifiers cannot operate with voltage regulators.

Description : On AC vessels, which of the following statements represents the most difficult problem involved in obtaining a DC potential suitable for use by computer components? A. A stepdown transformer is ... voltage must be rectified and made ripple free. D. Rectifiers cannot operate with voltage regulators.

Last Answer : Answer: C

In a D.C. machine the number of brush arms is _____ the number of poles. (a) less than (b) equal to (c) greater than (d) none of the above

Description : In a D.C. machine the number of brush arms is _____ the number of poles. (a) less than (b) equal to (c) greater than (d) none of the above

Last Answer : (b) equal to

The stator of a D.C. machine comprises of (a) main poles (6) interpoles (c) frame (d) all of the above

Description : The stator of a D.C. machine comprises of (a) main poles (6) interpoles (c) frame (d) all of the above

Last Answer : (d) all of the above

In a four-pole D.C. machine (a) all the four poles are north poles (b) alternate poles are north and south (c) all the four poles are south poles (d) two north poles follow two south poles

Description : In a four-pole D.C. machine (a) all the four poles are north poles (b) alternate poles are north and south (c) all the four poles are south poles (d) two north poles follow two south poles

Last Answer : Ans: b

A 400kW, 3 -phase, 440V, 50Hz induction motor has a speed of 950 rpm on full load. The machine has 6 poles. ...

Description : A 400kW, 3 -phase, 440V, 50Hz induction motor has a speed of 950 rpm on full load. The machine has 6 poles. The value of slip for the machine will be (A) 0.06 (B) 0.10 (C) 0.04 (D) 0.05

Last Answer : A 400kW, 3 -phase, 440V, 50Hz induction motor has a speed of 950 rpm on full load. The machine has 6 poles. The value of slip for the machine will be 0.05