Explain repeatability and reproducibility of instruments

Explain repeatability and reproducibility of instruments
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Repeatability: closeness of agreement among a no. of consecutive measurement of output for the same value of input under the same operating conditions for fullrange traverse.

Reproducibility: closeness of agreement among a no .of repeated measurements of output for the same value of input under the same operating conditions over a period of time.
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Related questions

Difference between repeatability and reproducibility

Description : Difference between repeatability and reproducibility

Last Answer : Repeatability Reproducibility It is the degree of closeness with which a given input value is repeatedly measured. It is the degree of closeness with which a given input value is repeatedly measured . ... given period of time It is random in nature It is not random in nature

One of the following statements is NOT true : (A) Accuracy expresses the correctness of measurement (B) Precision represents reproducibility of measurement (C) High degree of precision implies high degree of accuracy also (D) High degree of accuracy implies high degree of precesion also

Description : One of the following statements is NOT true : (A) Accuracy expresses the correctness of measurement (B) Precision represents reproducibility of measurement (C) High degree of precision implies high degree of accuracy also (D) High degree of accuracy implies high degree of precesion also

Last Answer : (C) High degree of precision implies high degree of accuracy also

During the testing of a module tester ‘X’ finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it’s not a bug. What ‘X’ should do? A. Report the issue to the test manager and try to settle with the developer. B. Retest the module and confirm the bug C. Assign the same bug to another developer D. Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility

Description : During the testing of a module tester X' finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it's not a bug. What X' should do? A. Report ... same bug to another developer D. Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility

Last Answer : D. Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility

During the testing of a module tester ‘X’ finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it’s not a bug. What ‘X’ should do? A. Report the issue to the test manager and try to settle with the developer. B. Retest the module and confirm the bug C. Assign the same bug to another developer D. Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility

Description : During the testing of a module tester X' finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it's not a bug. What X' should do? A. Report ... same bug to another developer D. Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility

Last Answer : D. Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility

A measure of the reproducibility of measurement is known as

Last Answer : A measure of the reproducibility of measurement is known as Precision.

Since repeatability is paramount to verifying the veracity of an alleged alien radio signal, why was the Arecibo message only sent once?

Description : Since repeatability is paramount to verifying the veracity of an alleged alien radio signal, why was the Arecibo message only sent once?

Last Answer : It was an SOS signal. Help did not arrive in time.

The repeatability of NC machine depends on a.control loop errors b.mechanical errors c.electrical errors d.none of the mentioned

Description : The repeatability of NC machine depends on a.control loop errors b.mechanical errors c.electrical errors d.none of the mentioned

Last Answer : b.mechanical errors

Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and A) Buffer size B) Resolution C) Vertical dimensions D) Intelligence

Description : Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and A) Buffer size B) Resolution C) Vertical dimensions D) Intelligence

Last Answer : Answer : B

Annual total energy & production chart smoothens out ____ in energy timing of meter readings. a) Errors b) Efficiency c) Accuracy. d) Repeatability

Description : Annual total energy & production chart smoothens out ____ in energy timing of meter readings. a) Errors b) Efficiency c) Accuracy. d) Repeatability

Last Answer : errors

A measure of consistency or repeatability of measurements is called. ___

Description : A measure of consistency or repeatability of measurements is called. ___

Last Answer : precision

Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and a. Buffer size b. Resolution c. Vertical dimensions d. Intelligence

Description : Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and a. Buffer size b. Resolution c. Vertical dimensions d. Intelligence

Last Answer : b. Resolution

What is Digital Forensic? A. Process of using scientific knowledge in analysis and presentation of evidence in court B. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation C. A process where we develop and test hypotheses that answer questions about digital events D. Use of science or technology in the investigation and establishment of the facts or evidence in a court of law

Description : What is Digital Forensic? A. Process of using scientific knowledge in analysis and presentation of evidence in court B. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal ... technology in the investigation and establishment of the facts or evidence in a court of law

Last Answer : B. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation

What is Digital Forensic? a. Process of using scientific knowledge in analysis and presentation of evidence in court b. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation c. A process where we develop and test hypotheses that answer questions about digital events d. Use of science or technology in the investigation and establishment of the facts or evidence in a court of law

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Last Answer : b. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation

What is Digital Forensic? (A) Process of using scientific knowledge in analysis and presentation of evidence in court (B) The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation (C) process where we develop and test hypotheses that answer questions about digital events (D) Use of science or technology in the investigation and establishment of the facts or evidence in a court of law

Description : What is Digital Forensic? (A) Process of using scientific knowledge in analysis and presentation of evidence in court (B) The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a ... or technology in the investigation and establishment of the facts or evidence in a court of law

Last Answer : (B) The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation

What is Digital Forensic? A. Process of using scientific knowledge in analysis and presentation of evidence in court B. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation C. process where we develop and test hypotheses that answer questions about digital events D. Use of science or technology in the investigation and establishment of the facts or evidence in a court of law

Description : What is Digital Forensic? A. Process of using scientific knowledge in analysis and presentation of evidence in court B. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal ... technology in the investigation and establishment of the facts or evidence in a court of law

Last Answer : B. The application of computer science and investigative procedures for a legal purpose involving the analysis of digital evidence after proper search authority, chain of custody, validation with mathematics, use of validated tools, repeatability, reporting, and possible expert presentation

Define : (i) Sensitivity (ii) Repeatability

Description : Define : (i) Sensitivity (ii) Repeatability  

Last Answer : Definition:  (i) Sensitivity: It is the smallest change in the value of the measured variable to which an instrument responds.  (ii) Repeatability: It is the closeness of agreement ... same value of input under the same operating conditions, approaching the measurement from the same direction.

Draw and explain the response of first order and second order instruments to the step input.

Description : Draw and explain the response of first order and second order instruments to the step input.

Last Answer : First order instrument response to step input:  The time equation for the step response of a first order instrument is exponential in nature and is given by the equation,  c(t) = ... Analysis of such a system is done by calculating different parameters called time response specifications.

Explain the essential toques in analog type measuring instruments.

Description : Explain the essential toques in analog type measuring instruments.

Last Answer : List of torques in analog instruments:  1. Deflecting torque  2. Controlling / Restraining torque.  3. Damping torque.  1. Deflecting torque: To create deflection proportional to ... the speed higher will be the damping torque bringing the pointer to the equilibrium position quickly. 

Compare analog and digital instruments .

Description : Compare analog and digital instruments .

Last Answer : Parameter Analog Instrument Digital Instrument  1 Principle The instrument that displays analog signals is called as on analog instrument.  The instrument that displays ... , etc. Logical analyzer, signature analyzer, computers, microprocessor based instruments, etc. 

calibration and the need of calibration for measuring instruments.

Description : calibration and the need of calibration for measuring instruments.

Last Answer : Calibration - It is a process of estimating the value of a quantity by comparing that quantity with a standard quantity.    Need of calibration: - Calibration defines the accuracy and ... aim of calibration is to minimize any measurement uncertainty by ensuring the accuracy of test equipment.

Advantages of digital instruments

Description : Advantages of digital instruments

Last Answer : 1. They are having high input impedance, so there is no loading effect 2. They are having higher accuracy 3. An unambiguous reading is obtained 4. The output can be interfaced with external equipment 5. They are available in smaller size . 

List any 4 undesirable characteristics of instruments.

Description : List any 4 undesirable characteristics of instruments.

Last Answer : 1. Drift 2. Dead zone 3. Static error 4. Dynamic error 5. Lag 

List dynamic characteristics of instruments.

Description : List dynamic characteristics of instruments.

Last Answer : Speed of Response: It is the rapidity with which a measurement system responds to changes in the measured quantity.  Measuring Lag: It is the retardation or delay in the response of a ... quantity changing with time and the value indicated by the measurement system if there is no static error.

State the static and dynamic characteristics of instruments.

Description : State the static and dynamic characteristics of instruments. 

Last Answer : Static characteristics: i. Accuracy ii. Sensitivity iii. Reproducibility iv. Drift v.Static error vi. Dead zone vii. Repeatability viii. Precision ix Linearity  Dynamic characteristics: i. Speed of response ii. Measuring lag iii. Fidelity iv. Dynamic error

State two purposes of calibration of measuring instruments.

Description : State two purposes of calibration of measuring instruments.

Last Answer : Purposes of calibration of measuring instruments: - The purpose of calibration is to ensure that readings of an instrument are consistent with other instruments. It is also important in determining the ... will need to be calibrated periodically to make sure it can function properly and safely. 

List three types of errors in measuring instruments. Give reasons of occurring for any one of them.

Description : List three types of errors in measuring instruments. Give reasons of occurring for any one of them.

Last Answer : Types of errors in measuring instruments:  A) Gross error: These are due to mistakes on the part of person using the instrument.  B) Systematic Error: i) Instrumental Error: These ... multiplying factor.  C) Random error: These persist even after gross and systematic errors are removed.

State the meaning of secondary instrument. Classify secondary instruments.

Description : State the meaning of secondary instrument. Classify secondary instruments.

Last Answer : Secondary instruments: - Gives reading directly of the quantity being measured. - Calibrated with respect to absolute instruments  Classification of Secondary instruments:  1. Depending on the ... on permissible error: i) Standard meters ii) Substandard meters iii) First grade instruments.

Define following terms related to measuring instruments: i) Sensitivity ii) Selectivity.

Description : Define following terms related to measuring instruments: i) Sensitivity ii) Selectivity.

Last Answer : i) Sensitivity: It is the ratio of the change in output signal to the change in input signal of quantity being measured.  ii) Selectivity: It is the term to describe fulfillment of the requirements of measurement by an instrument to be suitable for use in a given situation. 

List out any four effects of electric current used in measuring instruments & write name of meter working on it.

Description : List out any four effects of electric current used in measuring instruments & write name of meter working on it.

Last Answer : Effects of Electric Current used in measuring instruments:  1. Magnetic Effect: PMMC and Moving Iron type Ammeters, voltmeter and Dynamometer type wattmeters etc.  2. Electromagnetic induction ... . Electrostatic effect: Voltmeters.  5. Hall Effect: Flux meter, Poynting vector wattmeter.

Describe systematic errors in measuring instruments.

Description : Describe systematic errors in measuring instruments. 

Last Answer : Systematic errors: -  ➢ Instrumental Error: These errors are caused due to the mechanical structure of measuring instrument.  a) Inherent shortcomings of instruments: Instrument may read ... or electrostatic fields.  ➢ Observational Error: Parallax errors, incorrect multiplying factor. 

Compare primary and secondary instruments.

Description : Compare primary and secondary instruments.

Last Answer : Primary instruments  Secondary instruments  Gives magnitude of quantity in terms of physical constants of instrument  Gives reading directly of the quantity measured.  Need no calibration  ... .  e.g. magnetic meter, induction meter, hotwire meter and electrostatic meter 

State the material used for moving coil and former for PMMC instruments.

Description : State the material used for moving coil and former for PMMC instruments. 

Last Answer : Material Used for Moving Coil and Former for PMMC Instruments:  Material used for moving coil: Copper  Material used for Former: Aluminium

List any four effects employed in measuring instruments.

Description : List any four effects employed in measuring instruments.

Last Answer : Effects Employed in Measuring Instruments: 1. Magnetic Effect 2. Electromagnetic induction 3. Heating effect 4. Electrostatic effect 5. Hall Effect 

Consider the following statements with regard to Moving Iron (MI) instruments : 1. These instruments ...

Description : Consider the following statements with regard to Moving Iron (MI) instruments :  1. These instruments possess high operating torque.  2. These instruments can be used in ac and dc circuits.  3. Power consumption in these instruments ... and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Last Answer : Consider the following statements with regard to Moving Iron (MI) instruments :  1. These instruments possess high operating torque.  2. These instruments can be used in ac and dc circuits.  3. Power consumption in these ... 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

The function of input attenuators in measuring instruments, like VTVM and CRO, is to

Description : The function of input attenuators in measuring instruments, like VTVM and CRO, is to (a) Increase the input impedance (b) Attenuate the frequency range (c) Attenuate the input signal amplitude without altering the frequency contents (d) Attenuate the input impedance

Last Answer : The function of input attenuators in measuring instruments, like VTVM and CRO, is to Attenuate the input signal amplitude without altering the frequency contents

In moving iron instruments, eddy current damping cannot be used as

Description : In moving iron instruments, eddy current damping cannot be used as  (a) They have a strong operating magnetic, field (b) They are not normally used in vertical position (c) They ... of a permanent magnet required for eddy current damping would distort the existing weak operating magnetic field

Last Answer : In moving iron instruments, eddy current damping cannot be used as The introduction of a permanent magnet required for eddy current damping would distort the existing weak operating magnetic field

Moving iron instruments can be used for measuring

Description : Moving iron instruments can be used for measuring (1) Direct currents and voltages (2) Radio frequency currents (3) A.C currents and voltages (4) Both (a) and (c)

Last Answer : moving iron instruments areused to measure A.C curents &  voltages

Dynamometer type moving coil instruments are provided with _____.

Last Answer : Dynamometer type moving coil instruments are provided with pneumatic damping

Can you explain how the Hornbostel system classifies instruments?

Description : Can you explain how the Hornbostel system classifies instruments?

Last Answer : Feel Free to Answer

Draw the construction and explain working principle of PMMC instruments

Description : Draw the construction and explain working principle of PMMC instruments

Last Answer : Working: When current passes through the coil a deflecting torque is produced. This deflecting torque is produced due to interaction between magnetic field produced by permanent magnet ... equilibrium; this is possible only when the controlling torque becomes equal to the deflecting torque 

Define calibration of instruments. Explain why calibration is needed for measuring instruments.

Description : Define calibration of instruments. Explain why calibration is needed for measuring instruments.

Last Answer : Calibration - It is a process of estimating the value of a quantity by comparing that quantity with a standard quantity. Need of calibration: - Calibration defines the accuracy and quality ... aim of calibration is to minimize any measurement uncertainty by ensuring the accuracy of test equipment.

State the purpose of calibration of measuring instruments. Explain the procedure of calibration of D.C. voltmeter by using D.C. potentiometer.

Description : State the purpose of calibration of measuring instruments. Explain the procedure of calibration of D.C. voltmeter by using D.C. potentiometer.

Last Answer : Purpose of calibration : Calibration is the process of evaluating and adjusting the precision and accuracy of measuring equipment. Proper calibration of an instrument allows people to have a safe ... calibration curve can be drawn by plotting the percentage error against the measured voltages.