Description : A long thread-Like RNA virus is typical of the viruses. a. hepatitis C b. Ebola c. polio d. West Nile
Last Answer : b. Ebola
Description : Which of the following has been linked to Kaposi's sarcoma? A.Epstein-Barr virus B.Human T-cell lymphotropic virus C.Human papilloma virus D.Human herpes virus 8
Last Answer : D.Human herpes virus 8
Description : The fecal-oral route is the mode of transmission for the _____. a. Hepatitis A virus. b. Hepatitis B virus. c. Hepatitis A and B viruses. d. All hepatitis viruses.
Last Answer : b. Hepatitis B virus.
Description : These viruses multiply first in the tonsils and then the lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. a. Rabies virus b. Rotavirus c. Polio virus d. Hepatitis A virus
Last Answer : c. Polio virus
Description : Which of the following infection(s) can be diagnosed by the use of polymerase chain reaction? A- HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses B- Hepatitis B virus C- Mycobacterium tuberculosis D- All of these
Last Answer : All of these
Description : Which of the following is the most primitive? A- .VirusB- Eukaryote C- Archaeon D- Mitochondria
Last Answer : Archaeon
Description : .__________are the single most important cause of diarrhea in infants and young children admitted to American hospitals. a. Noroviruses b. Echoviruses c. Hepatitis A viruses d. Rotaviruses
Last Answer : d. Rotaviruses
Description : Researchers have associated the ______ virus with infectious mononucleosis and have evidence that the virus also causes _______. a. Epstein-Barr; hepatitis B b. Epstein-Barr; Burkitt's lymphoma c. Coxsackie; hepatitis B d. Coxsackie; Burkitt lymphoma
Last Answer : d. Coxsackie; Burkitt lymphoma
Description : Diagnostic DNA probes have been developed for A- Mycobacterium tuberculosis B- Hepatitis B virus C- Human immunodeficiency virus D- all of the above
Last Answer : - all of the above
Description : Retroviruses are so-named because their reverse transcriptase _____. a. reverses the flow of genetic information by stimulating information to proceed from RNA to DNA. b. reverses the normal ... the action of drugs on viruses and allows them to continue multiplying in living cells.
Last Answer : a. reverses the flow of genetic information by stimulating information to proceed from RNA to DNA.
Description : Viruses derived from fragments of cellular genetic material and macromolecules forms the basis of the a. Cellular Origins Hypothesis. b. Independent Entities Hypothesis. c. Rna World Hypothesis. d. Regressive Evolution Hypothesis.
Last Answer : a. Cellular Origins Hypothesis.
Description : What does the positive strand in double stranded RNA viruses stands for? A- rRNA B- tRNA C- .mRNA D- None of these
Last Answer : .mRNA
Description : A viral load test detects the A- provirus of HIV in infected cells B- .total amount of virus in the infected host C- number of viruses being released by each infected cell D- .amount of bacteriophage being produced by E. coli cells
Last Answer : provirus of HIV in infected cells
Description : Zidovudine inhibits the following virus/viruses: A. Human immunodeficiency virus B. Cytomegalovirus C. Hepatitis B virus D. Both 'A' and 'B'
Last Answer : A. Human immunodeficiency virus
Description : Rivers' postulates can be used to a. locate an oncogene in a cell that is cancerous. b. develop inactivated viruses for use in a vaccine. c. eliminate viruses with certain chemical agents. d. relate a particular virus to a particular disease.
Last Answer : d. relate a particular virus to a particular disease.
Description : The virus(es) which can cause aseptic meningitis is/are A.Polioviruses B.Coxsackieviruses C.Echo viruses D.All of these
Last Answer : D.All of these
Description : Which of the following oncogenic viruses was first detected? A.Rous sarcoma virus. B.Epstein-Barr virus C.Herpes simplex virus type 2 D.Human T cell leukaemia virus
Last Answer : A.Rous sarcoma virus.
Description : Recombination of virus genomes occurs A- by transduction B- by transcription C- simultaneous infection of a host cell by two viruses with homologous chromosomes D- by transformation
Last Answer : simultaneous infection of a host cell by two viruses with homologous chromosomes
Description : Which one of the following statements about interferon is FALSE? a. Interferon is produced in response to a viral infection. b. Interferon is a naturally produced protein. c. Interferon puts uninfected cells in an antiviral state. d. Interferon is a protein that binds to RNA virus genomes.
Last Answer : d. Interferon is a protein that binds to RNA virus genomes.
Description : The genome of a virus may contain either ______ or ______. a. DNA; protein b. protein; carbohydrate c. carbohydrate; RNA d. RNA; DNA
Last Answer : d. RNA; DNA
Description : An RNA virus genome in the form of messenger RNA is referred to as a a. + strand RNA. b. double-stranded RNA c. – strand RNa d. Reverse strand RNA.
Last Answer : a. + strand RNA.
Description : Fifty cases of hepatitis A during one week in a community would most likely be described as a/an a. Outbreak. b. Pandemic. c. Endemic Disease. d. Epidemic.
Last Answer : d. Epidemic.
Description : Damage from ________ is the major cause of liver transplants in the US, alcohol and drug use are cofactors. a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. herpes simplex I
Last Answer : c. hepatitis C
Description : Which of the following can be prevented by a vaccine? a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. herpes simplex I
Description : The ______ can cause serious birth defects including mental impairment. a. Mononucleosis b. Cytomegalovirus c. Polio d. Hepatitis C
Last Answer : a. Mononucleosis
Description : Arboviral encephalitis is an example of a a. disease causing gastroenteritis. b. disease spread by the fecal-oral route. c. Zoonosis d. type of hepatitis.
Last Answer : c. Zoonosis
Description : Which one of the following characteristics pertains to hepatitis A? a. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route. b. The incubation period is 2 to 4 weeks. c. It is an acute, inflammatory liver disease. d. All of the above (A—C) are correct.
Last Answer : d. All of the above (A—C) are correct.
Description : Symptoms of headache, fever, and muscle pain Lasting 3 to 5 days, followed by a 2 to 24 hour abating of symptoms is characteristic of a. Yellow fever. b. Hepatitis C. c. Dengue fever. d. Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
Last Answer : a. Yellow fever.
Description : Which of the foLlowing is NOT a transmission mechanism for hepatitis B? a. Sexual contact b. Non-sterile body piercing equipment c. Fecal-oral route d. Blood-contaminated needles
Last Answer : c. Fecal-oral route
Description : Which of the following viral infections is associated with the development of hydrophobia? A.Rabies B.Influenza C.Polio D.Hepatitis
Last Answer : A.Rabies
Description : What is the advantage of the attenuated viruses in a vaccine?
Last Answer : Attenuated viruses can be taken orally because they will survive passage into the gastrointestinal tract and will be absorbed into the blood stream. The method of administration is therefore easier than by ... this reason they may be advantageous when an epidemic is taking place or is anticipated.
Description : Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched as to antibiotic and use? a. Penicillin-gram-positive bacteria b. Nystatin-fungi c. Tetracycline-viruses d. Griseofulvin-fungi
Last Answer : c. Tetracycline-viruses
Description : In the soil, antibiotics are produced by some a. Fungal species and viruses. b. Bacterial species and viruses. c. Viruses and helminthic species. d. Fungal and bacterial species.
Last Answer : d. Fungal and bacterial species.
Description : Why should you get a new influenza vaccine every year? a. it wears off fast b. the viruses change rapidly c. you need a booster to keep the immune level up d. none of the above are correct
Last Answer : b. the viruses change rapidly
Description : An attenuated vaccine is one that a. Can provide life-long immunity. b. Contains live microbes or viruses. c. Is closest to the natural pathogens. d. All the above (a-c) are correct.
Last Answer : d. All the above (a-c) are correct.
Description : Arboviruses are _____ viruses. a. arthropod-borne b. arthritis causing c. tree-borne d. A-C are correct
Last Answer : a. arthropod-borne
Description : Which investigator developed a polio vaccine containing inactivated viruses? a. Enders b. Sabin c. Jenner d. Salk
Last Answer : b. Sabin
Description : Which of the following viruses has a vaccine to prevent it? a. HPV b. HIV c. fifths disease d. herpes simplex I
Last Answer : a. HPV
Description : A common trait among Herpes viruses is _____. a. Lysogeny b. Lysis c. Laxity d. Latency
Last Answer : d. Latency
Description : Which one of the folLowing statements is NOT true of the influenza viruses? a. They have a segmented genome. b. The genome is double-stranded DNA. c. The viruses have an envelope. d. There are three types of flu viruses
Last Answer : b. The genome is double-stranded DNA.
Description : Which of the following are oncogenic viruses? a. polio b. HIV c. HPV d. rabies
Last Answer : c. HPV
Description : Viruses can be grown on _____. a. nutrient agar b. nutrient broth c. blood agar d. tissue culture
Last Answer : d. tissue culture
Description : Which of the following viruses is a retrovirus with reverse transcriptase? a. HPV b. polio c. HIV d. Ebola
Last Answer : c. HIV
Description : Attenuated viruses are those that _____. a. can be used to treat viral disease. b. give rise to viroids and prions. c. multiply in cells but at a low rate. d. have been treated with chemicals such as formaldehyde.
Last Answer : c. multiply in cells but at a low rate.
Description : Newly emerging viruses causing human disease can arise from a. Species Jumping. b. Mutations. c. Genetic Recombination. d. All Of The Above (A—C) Are Correct.
Last Answer : d. All Of The Above (A—C) Are Correct.
Description : The oncogene theory states that transforming genes a. Normally Occur In The Host Genome. b. Can Exist In Viruses. c. Are Not Of Viral Origin. d. All Of The Above (A—C) Are Correct.
Last Answer : d. All Of The Above (A—C) Are Correct
Description : Which one of the following scientists was NOT involved with discovering viruses? a. Felix d‘Herrelle b. Dimitri Ivanowsky c. Robert Fleming d. Martinus Beijerinck
Last Answer : c. Robert Fleming
Description : The process of conjugation in bacteria requires that _____. a. Two Types Of Viruses Be Present. b. The Conjugating Bacteria Be Deprived Of Nutrients. c. Two Bacteria Exchange Dna. d. Two Live Bacteria Come Together.
Last Answer : d. Two Live Bacteria Come Together.
Description : Transposons are of particular significance because they a. often contain genes for antibiotic resistance. b. inhibit the effects of overlapping genes. c. come in pairs and often are associated with viruses. d. regulate gene transcription in bacterial cells.
Last Answer : a. often contain genes for antibiotic resistance.
Description : When is a HEPA filter used? a. To Filter Bacteria Out Of A Vaccine b. To Trap Particles In The Air c. To Protect Burn Victims d. To Separate Bacteria And Viruses
Last Answer : b. To Trap Particles In The Air