Which of the following may be most likely to be missing from a gram-positive bacterium? A.Penicillin binding protein B.Peptidoglycan C.Lipopolysaccharide D.Phospholipid bilayer membrane

Which of the following may be most likely to be missing from a gram-positive

bacterium?

A.Penicillin binding protein

B.Peptidoglycan

C.Lipopolysaccharide

D.Phospholipid bilayer membrane
by

1 Answer

Answer :

C.Lipopolysaccharide
by

Related questions

The last step in synthesis of peptidoglycan is A- attachment of a peptide to muramic acid B- attaching two amino acids to form a cross-link C- attachment of a portion of peptidoglycan to a membrane lipid D- binding of penicillin to a membrane protein

Description : The last step in synthesis of peptidoglycan is A- attachment of a peptide to muramic acid B- attaching two amino acids to form a cross-link C- attachment of a portion of peptidoglycan to a membrane lipid D- binding of penicillin to a membrane protein

Last Answer : attaching two amino acids to form a cross-link

Gram-negative bacteria would stain_________ with the Gram stain and have _______in the wall. a. orange-red; Teichoic acid b. orange-red; lipopolysaccharide c. purple; peptidoglycan d. purple; Teichoic acid

Description : Gram-negative bacteria would stain_________ with the Gram stain and have _______in the wall. a. orange-red; Teichoic acid b. orange-red; lipopolysaccharide c. purple; peptidoglycan d. purple; Teichoic acid

Last Answer : c. purple; peptidoglycan

Which of the following is exposed on the outer surface of a gram-negative bacterium?A- O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) B- Polysaccharide portion of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) C- Braun lipoprotein D- .Electron transport system components

Description : Which of the following is exposed on the outer surface of a gram-negative bacterium?A- O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) B- Polysaccharide portion of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) C- Braun lipoprotein D- .Electron transport system components

Last Answer : O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Porins are located in A- the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria B- he peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria C- the cytoplasmic membrane of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria D- the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria

Description : Porins are located in A- the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria B- he peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria C- the cytoplasmic membrane of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria D- the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria

Last Answer : the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

Gram positive cells have a A- second outer membrane that helps to retain the crystal violet stain B- multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to retain the crystal violet stain C- .thick capsule that traps the crystal violet stain D- periplasmic space that traps the crystal violet

Description : Gram positive cells have a A- second outer membrane that helps to retain the crystal violet stain B- multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to retain the crystal violet stain C- .thick capsule that traps the crystal violet stain D- periplasmic space that traps the crystal violet

Last Answer : multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to retain the crystal violet stain

The plasma membrane consists mainly of (a) phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer (b) proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer (c) proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules (d) proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer

Description : The plasma membrane consists mainly of (a) phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer (b) proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer (c) proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules (d) proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer

Last Answer : (b) proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

The door to your house is like the __________________ of a cell membrane? (A) Phospholipid bilayer (B) Integral protein (C) Recognition protein (D) Peripheral protein

Description : The door to your house is like the __________________ of a cell membrane? (A) Phospholipid bilayer (B) Integral protein (C) Recognition protein (D) Peripheral protein

Last Answer : (B) Integral protein

When comparing bacterial and archaeal cell membranes, only bacterial cell membranes a. Have three layers of phospholipids. b. Have a phospholipid bilayer. c. Are fluid. d. Have ether linkages.

Description : When comparing bacterial and archaeal cell membranes, only bacterial cell membranes a. Have three layers of phospholipids. b. Have a phospholipid bilayer. c. Are fluid. d. Have ether linkages.

Last Answer : b. Have a phospholipid bilayer.

.Which is most likely to be exposed on the surface of a gram-negative bacterium? A.Pore protein (porin) B.Protein involved in energy generation C.Lipoteichoic acid D.Phospholipids

Description : .Which is most likely to be exposed on the surface of a gram-negative bacterium? A.Pore protein (porin) B.Protein involved in energy generation C.Lipoteichoic acid D.Phospholipids

Last Answer : A.Pore protein (porin)

Which is most likely to be exposed on the surface of a gram-negative bacterium? A- Pore protein (porin) B- Protein involved in energy generation C- .Lipoteichoic acid D- Phospholipids

Description : Which is most likely to be exposed on the surface of a gram-negative bacterium? A- Pore protein (porin) B- Protein involved in energy generation C- .Lipoteichoic acid D- Phospholipids

Last Answer : Pore protein (porin)

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane contains specialized transport proteins which maintain the intracellular ionic milieu different from the extracellular fluid c. Plasma membrane proteins extend externally and bear phospholipid moieties which contribute to the cell coat d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the ... contribute to the cell coat d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The plasma membrane defines the boundary of the cell and serves to contain and concentrate enzymes and other macromolecule constituents. The plasma membrane is ... and bear carbohydrate moieties primarily as oligosaccharide chains that contribute to the cell coat or glycocalyx

Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because (a) They produce large quantities of penicillinase (b) They do not utilize D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is inhibited by benzyl penicillin (c) Benzyl penicillin is not able to penetrate deeper into the lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multiplayer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria (d) Both (a) and (b)

Description : Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because (a) They produce large quantities of penicillinase (b) They do not utilize D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is ... lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multiplayer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria (d) Both (a) and (b)

Last Answer : Ans: C

Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because: A. They produce large quantities of penicillinase B. They do not utilise D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is inhibited by benzylpenicillin C. Benzyl penicillin is not able to penetrate deeper into the lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multilayer cell wall of gram negative bacteria D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Description : Gram negative organisms are largely insensitive to benzyl penicillin because: A. They produce large quantities of penicillinase B. They do not utilise D-alanine whose incorporation in the cell wall is inhibited ... multilayer cell wall of gram negative bacteria D. Both A' and B' are correct

Last Answer : . Benzyl penicillin is not able to penetrate deeper into the lipoprotein-peptidoglycan multilayer cell wall of gram negative bacteria

Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched as to antibiotic and use? a. Penicillin-gram-positive bacteria b. Nystatin-fungi c. Tetracycline-viruses d. Griseofulvin-fungi

Description : Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched as to antibiotic and use? a. Penicillin-gram-positive bacteria b. Nystatin-fungi c. Tetracycline-viruses d. Griseofulvin-fungi

Last Answer : c. Tetracycline-viruses

Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the toxic effects that occur during gram-negative bacterial sepsis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning LPS and the host response. a. The LPS molecule can in itself cause physiologic responses similar to that seen during gram-negative bacterial sepsis b. LPS triggers host macrophages to release a variety of cytokines including TNF-a, IL-1a, and IL-1b, IL-6, and IFN-a c. Excessive cytokine production is not associated with detrimental consequences d. TNFa and IL-1b appear to be the primary mediators within the host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the syst

Description : Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the ... host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the systemic circulation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The LPS molecule exerts diverse effects on the mammalian host. Immunologic responses to LPS include nonspecific polyclonal B-cell proliferation, macrophage activation and ... deleterious effects on the host only after large amounts are secreted and reach the systemic circulation

Which of the following is not true for prokaryotic organism? A.Nucleus is not bounded by nuclear membrane B.Chromosomes does not contain histones C.80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm D.Cell wall contains peptidoglycan as one of the major component

Description : Which of the following is not true for prokaryotic organism? A.Nucleus is not bounded by nuclear membrane B.Chromosomes does not contain histones C.80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm D.Cell wall contains peptidoglycan as one of the major component

Last Answer : C.80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm

Which of the following is not true for prokaryotic organism? A- Nucleus is not bounded by nuclear membrane B- Chromosomes does not contain histones C- 80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm D- Cell wall contains peptidoglycan as one of the major component

Description : Which of the following is not true for prokaryotic organism? A- Nucleus is not bounded by nuclear membrane B- Chromosomes does not contain histones C- 80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm D- Cell wall contains peptidoglycan as one of the major component

Last Answer : 80S ribosomes are distributed in cytoplasm

The gram-positive bacteria lack __________ structure/component? A.outer membrane B.murein C.teichoic acid D.plasma membrane

Description : The gram-positive bacteria lack __________ structure/component? A.outer membrane  B.murein C.teichoic acid  D.plasma membrane

Last Answer : A.outer membrane

The primary mechanism underlying the resistance of gram-positive organisms to macrolide antibiotics is (a) Methylation of binding sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit (b) Formation of esterases that hydrolyze the lactone ring (c) Increased activity of efflux mechanisms (d) Formation of drug-inactivating acetyltranferases (e) Decreased drug permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane

Description : The primary mechanism underlying the resistance of gram-positive organisms to macrolide antibiotics is (a) Methylation of binding sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit (b) Formation of ... ) Formation of drug-inactivating acetyltranferases (e) Decreased drug permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane

Last Answer : Ans: A

The ribosome binding site A- forms a stem-loop structure in the RNA B- is located upstream of the promoter sequence C- .is located immediately upstream of the start codon D- is more likely to be associated with an operon than with a gene encoding a single protein

Description : The ribosome binding site A- forms a stem-loop structure in the RNA B- is located upstream of the promoter sequence C- .is located immediately upstream of the start codon D- is more likely to be associated with an operon than with a gene encoding a single protein

Last Answer : .is located immediately upstream of the start codon

The rivosome binding site A- forms a sltem- loop structure in the RNA B- is located upstream of the promoter sequence C- is located immediately upstream of the start codon D- is more likely to be associated with an operon than with a gene encoding a single protein

Description : The rivosome binding site A- forms a sltem- loop structure in the RNA B- is located upstream of the promoter sequence C- is located immediately upstream of the start codon D- is more likely to be associated with an operon than with a gene encoding a single protein

Last Answer : is located immediately upstream of the start codon

The ribosome binding site A- forms a stem-loop structure in the RNA B- is located upstream of the promoter sequence C- .is located immediately upstream of the start codon D- is more likely to be associated with an operon than with a gene encoding a single protein

Description : The ribosome binding site A- forms a stem-loop structure in the RNA B- is located upstream of the promoter sequence C- .is located immediately upstream of the start codon D- is more likely to be associated with an operon than with a gene encoding a single protein

Last Answer : .is located immediately upstream of the start codon

The following is true of vancomycin except: A. It is a bactericidal antibiotic active primarily against gram positive bacteria B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis C. It is an alternative to penicillin for enterococcal endocarditis D. It can cause deafness as a dose related toxicity

Description : The following is true of vancomycin except: A. It is a bactericidal antibiotic active primarily against gram positive bacteria B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis C. It is an alternative to penicillin for enterococcal endocarditis D. It can cause deafness as a dose related toxicity

Last Answer : B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis

The membrane protein that extend through both sides of lipid bilayer.

Description : The membrane protein that extend through both sides of lipid bilayer. (a) Acidic protein (b) Glycoprotein © Intrinsic protein (d) Glycolic acid

Last Answer : Answer: c Intrinsic protein

Cell wall of Fungi are characterized by the presence of A Sugurs B Pepdigoglycan C Chitin D Lipopolysaccharide

Description : Cell wall of Fungi are characterized by the presence of A Sugurs B Pepdigoglycan C Chitin D Lipopolysaccharide

Last Answer : C Chitin

A quorum sensing system A- .detects a signal from the external environment B- B.senses a compound produced by the bacterium itself C- consists of a sensor component that phosphorylates a regulatory protein D- .controls the activity of ribosomes directly

Description : A quorum sensing system A- .detects a signal from the external environment B- B.senses a compound produced by the bacterium itself C- consists of a sensor component that phosphorylates a regulatory protein D- .controls the activity of ribosomes directly

Last Answer : B.senses a compound produced by the bacterium itself

A quorum sensing system A- .detects a signal from the external environment B- B.senses a compound produced by the bacterium itself C- consists of a sensor component that phosphorylates a regulatory protein D- .controls the activity of ribosomes directly

Description : A quorum sensing system A- .detects a signal from the external environment B- B.senses a compound produced by the bacterium itself C- consists of a sensor component that phosphorylates a regulatory protein D- .controls the activity of ribosomes directly

Last Answer : B.senses a compound produced by the bacterium itself

Plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is made up of - (1) Phospholipid (2) Lipoprotein (3) Phospholipo-protein (4) Phospho-protein

Description : Plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is made up of - (1) Phospholipid (2) Lipoprotein (3) Phospholipo-protein (4) Phospho-protein

Last Answer : (1) Phospholipid Explanation: The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable ... . The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings.

Plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is made up of (1) Phospholipid (2) Lipoprotein (3) Phospholipo-protein (4) Phospho-protein

Description : Plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is made up of (1) Phospholipid (2) Lipoprotein (3) Phospholipo-protein (4) Phospho-protein

Last Answer : Phospholipid

The PCR/sequencing approach to rRNA is most likely to give information about A.the species to which the bacteria are most closely related B.morphology of the bacterium C.the type of energy metabolism the bacterium has D.whether the bacterium is motile

Description : The PCR/sequencing approach to rRNA is most likely to give information about A.the species to which the bacteria are most closely related B.morphology of the bacterium C.the type of energy metabolism the bacterium has D.whether the bacterium is motile

Last Answer : A.the species to which the bacteria are most closely related

The PCR/sequencing approach to rRNA is most likely to give information about A.the species to which the bacteria are most closely related B.morphology of the bacterium C.the type of energy metabolism the bacterium has D.whether the bacterium is motile

Description : The PCR/sequencing approach to rRNA is most likely to give information about A.the species to which the bacteria are most closely related B.morphology of the bacterium C.the type of energy metabolism the bacterium has D.whether the bacterium is motile

Last Answer : A.the species to which the bacteria are most closely related

Conjugation pili are found only on some ______ bacteria, though it may occur between cells of various bacteria. a. Gram-positive b. Gram-negative c. Acid-fast d. Capsule containing

Description : Conjugation pili are found only on some ______ bacteria, though it may occur between cells of various bacteria. a. Gram-positive b. Gram-negative c. Acid-fast d. Capsule containing

Last Answer : b. Gram-negative

Which of the following may contain fimbriae? A- Gram-positive bacteria B- .Gram-negative bacteria C- Both (a) and (b) D- None of these

Description : Which of the following may contain fimbriae? A- Gram-positive bacteria B- .Gram-negative bacteria C- Both (a) and (b) D- None of these

Last Answer : C. A and b

The other name for peptidoglycan is A- mucopeptide B- murein C- both (a) & (b) D- none of these

Description : The other name for peptidoglycan is A- mucopeptide B- murein C- both (a) & (b) D- none of these

Last Answer : both (a) & (b)

Peptidoglycan is also known as A- N-acetyl muramic acid B- mureinmucopeptide C- N acetylglucosamine D- mesodiaminopimetic acid

Description : Peptidoglycan is also known as A- N-acetyl muramic acid B- mureinmucopeptide C- N acetylglucosamine D- mesodiaminopimetic acid

Last Answer : mureinmucopeptide

Archeal cells usually do not contain peptidoglycan, rather contain pseudo- peptidoglycanwhichis mainly composed of A-.N-acetylmuramic acid and L-amino acids B-.N-acetylmuramic acid and D-amino acids C-.N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and D-amino acids D-N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and L-amino acids

Description : Archeal cells usually do not contain peptidoglycan, rather contain pseudo- peptidoglycanwhichis mainly composed of A-.N-acetylmuramic acid and L-amino acids B-.N-acetylmuramic acid and D-amino acids C-.N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and D-amino acids D-N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and L-amino acids

Last Answer : N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid and L-amino acids

Which of the following antibiotics work by targetting protein synthesis? a. Methicillin b. Chloramphenicol c. Penicillin d. Nystatin.

Description : Which of the following antibiotics work by targetting protein synthesis? a. Methicillin b. Chloramphenicol c. Penicillin d. Nystatin.

Last Answer : b. Chloramphenicol

Common cold is not cured by antibiotics because it is (a) caused by a virus (b) caused by a Gram-positive bacterium (c) caused by a Gram-negative bacterium (d) not an infectious disease.

Description : Common cold is not cured by antibiotics because it is (a) caused by a virus (b) caused by a Gram-positive bacterium (c) caused by a Gram-negative bacterium (d) not an infectious disease.

Last Answer : (b) caused by a Gram-positive bacterium

Methicillin resistant staphylococci do not respond to ß-lactam antibiotics because (a) They produce a ß-lactamase which destroys methicillin and related drugs (b) They elaborate an amidase which destroys methicillin and related drugs (c) They have acquired a penicillin binding protein which has low affinity for ß-lactam antibiotics (d) They are less permeable to ß-lactam antibiotics

Description : Methicillin resistant staphylococci do not respond to ß-lactam antibiotics because (a) They produce a ß-lactamase which destroys methicillin and related drugs (b) They elaborate an amidase which destroys ... low affinity for ß-lactam antibiotics (d) They are less permeable to ß-lactam antibiotics

Last Answer : Ans: C

The most likely explanation of differing sensitivities of different bacteria to various penicillins is: A. Differing susceptibilities of the various penicillins to β-lactamases produced by different bacteria B. Differing affinities of penicillin binding proteins present in different bacteria towards various penicillins C. Differing penetrability of various penicillins into different bacteria D. Differing rates of cell wall synthesis by different bacteria

Description : The most likely explanation of differing sensitivities of different bacteria to various penicillins is: A. Differing susceptibilities of the various penicillins to β-lactamases produced by different ... into different bacteria D. Differing rates of cell wall synthesis by different bacteria

Last Answer : B. Differing affinities of penicillin binding proteins present in different bacteria towards various penicillins

All membranes of free-living organisms have phospholipid bilayers, but exception is A- bacteria B- fungi C- archaea D- protozoa

Description : All membranes of free-living organisms have phospholipid bilayers, but exception is A- bacteria B- fungi C- archaea D- protozoa

Last Answer : archaea

The movement of glucose into a cell occurs by a. Facilitated diffusion. b. Active transport. c. Simple diffusion. d. Phospholipid exchange.

Description : The movement of glucose into a cell occurs by a. Facilitated diffusion. b. Active transport. c. Simple diffusion. d. Phospholipid exchange.

Last Answer : b. Active transport.

Heavy metals, such as____work by _____‗‗ a. Mercury; Disrupting Membranes b. Copper; Producing Toxins c. Iodine; Denaturing Proteins d. Silver; Binding Protein Molecules Together

Description : Heavy metals, such as____work by _____‗‗ a. Mercury; Disrupting Membranes b. Copper; Producing Toxins c. Iodine; Denaturing Proteins d. Silver; Binding Protein Molecules Together

Last Answer : d. Silver; Binding Protein Molecules Together

Negative regulation of protein synthesis is accomplished by A- allosteric inhibition B- the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter C- the binding of a repressor to the DNA D- the binding of a repressor to the RNA polymerase

Description : Negative regulation of protein synthesis is accomplished by A- allosteric inhibition B- the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter C- the binding of a repressor to the DNA D- the binding of a repressor to the RNA polymerase

Last Answer : the binding of a repressor to the DNA

If a necrotizing soft tissue infection is considered, therapy mandates: a. Empiric administration of antibiotics active against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria b. Due to usually resistant species, penicillin is not indicated c. Immediate operative intervention and aggressive resection of all involved tissues is mandatory d. The use of hyperbaric oxygen has been demonstrated to be clearly advantageous

Description : If a necrotizing soft tissue infection is considered, therapy mandates: a. Empiric administration of antibiotics active against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria b. Due to usually ... is mandatory d. The use of hyperbaric oxygen has been demonstrated to be clearly advantageous

Last Answer : Answer: a, c Identification of a necrotizing, soft tissue infection mandates immediate operative intervention with aggressive resection of all involved tissues and empiric ... remains without controlled trials demonstrating any additional benefits derived from hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Gentamicin and other aminoglycoside drugs are widely prescribed for treatment of _____ infections. a. fungal b. gram-positive bacterial c. gram-negative bacterial d. staphylococcal

Description : Gentamicin and other aminoglycoside drugs are widely prescribed for treatment of _____ infections. a. fungal b. gram-positive bacterial c. gram-negative bacterial d. staphylococcal

Last Answer : c. gram-negative bacterial

Penicillins are useful in treating a. Gram-positive infections. b. Leprosy. c. Gram-negative infections. d. Tuberculosis.

Description : Penicillins are useful in treating a. Gram-positive infections. b. Leprosy. c. Gram-negative infections. d. Tuberculosis.

Last Answer : a. Gram-positive infections.

The most common cause of an invasive wound infection, such as a burn, is a. gram-positive bacterial species. b. treponema pallidum. c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. d. Escherichia coli.

Description : The most common cause of an invasive wound infection, such as a burn, is a. gram-positive bacterial species. b. treponema pallidum. c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. d. Escherichia coli.

Last Answer : c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The skin is a. Dominated By Gram-Negative Bacterial Cells. b. Free Of Bacterial Cells. c. Without A Microbiota.d. Dominated By Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells.

Description : The skin is a. Dominated By Gram-Negative Bacterial Cells. b. Free Of Bacterial Cells. c. Without A Microbiota. d. Dominated By Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells.

Last Answer : d. Dominated By Gram-Positive Bacterial Cells.

A characteristic of cell staining of Y. pestis is a a. Gram-Positive Staining. b. Bipolar Staining. c. Gram-Positive Staining. d. Gram-Variable Staining.

Description : A characteristic of cell staining of Y. pestis is a a. Gram-Positive Staining. b. Bipolar Staining. c. Gram-Positive Staining. d. Gram-Variable Staining.

Last Answer : b. Bipolar Staining