Description : Macrophages are professional antigen- presenting cells. The protein molecule through which theypresent antigen in human is A.actin B.interleukin C.HLA D.CD8
Last Answer : D.CD8
Description : CD8 surface antigen is present in A- cytotoxic T cells B- .suppresssor T cells C- both (a) and (b) D- none of these
Last Answer : both (a) and (b)
Description : The following are true about antigen presenting cells (APC): a. Langerhan's cells are the antigen presenting cells of the epidermis b. CD8+ cells only recognize antigen presenting cells bearing ... necrosis factor alpha (TNF ) can turn endothelial cells into antigen presenting cells d. all above
Last Answer : all above
Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism
Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system
Description : Severe combined immunodeficiency disease refers to a condition wherein a patient a. Cannot produce T and B cells. b. Interferon. c. Antigen-presenting cells. d. Hydrogen peroxide in phagocytes
Last Answer : a. Cannot produce T and B cells.
Description : Performs and granzymes are found in a. Helper T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d. B cells.
Last Answer : c. Cytotoxic T cells.
Description : The role of the M cell is to A- .trap virus in mucus and prevent entry B- induce apoptosis in virus-infected small intestinal epithelia cells C- pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for ... and presentation of antigen D- they use their cilia to propel mucus out of the small intestine
Last Answer : pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen
Description : A hybridoma cell a. Secretes monoclonal antibodies. b. Presents antigens on its surface. c. Secretes polyclonal antibodies. d. Is an antigen-presenting cell
Last Answer : d. Is an antigen-presenting cell
Description : Which is not an antigen-presenting cell (or APC)? A- B cell B- .Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (or PMN) C- Dendritic cell D- All of the above
Last Answer : .Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (or PMN)
Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages ... in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis
Last Answer : Answer: b, d A wide variety of cell types serve to provide host defense at several levels. Macrophages act as the initial antigen processing cell that serves to ... through diapedesis after chemotactic stimuli are excluded by macrophages, bacterial breakdown products, and complement activation
Description : With regard to HLA class 1 antigen: a. they are expressed on all nucleated cells b. they are essential for viral antigen recognition by cytotoxic cells c. the genes for HLA class 1 molecules are located on chromosome 6 and 15 d. all above
Description : A _____ is a protein receptor on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells that allow them to recognize foreign cell markers. a. Toll-like receptor (TLR) b. pathogen-associated c. Membrane attack complex (MAC) d. Natural killer cells (NK)
Last Answer : b. pathogen-associated
Description : The cytotoxic T cells have a_____ co-receptor while the helper T cells have a _____ co-receptor. a. CD8. CD4 b. CD4, CD8 c. MHCI, MHCII d. MHCII, MHCI
Last Answer : a. CD8. CD4
Description : Cytotoxic T-cells can be recognized by which of the following cell surface marker? A- CD4 B- CD7 C- CD8 D- CD9
Last Answer : CD8
Description : Which of the following is correct for CD8 T cells? A- CD8 T cells only recognize virus-infected cells B- CD8 T cell receptor recognizes epitopes that are also commonly recognized by B cells ... selection only D- CD8 T cells can kill individual virus-infected cells in a contact dependent fashion
Last Answer : CD8 T cells can kill individual virus-infected cells in a contact dependent fashion
Description : Acquired immunity usually involves protein receptors on B and T cells that recognize discrete regions of the antigen called _____. a. haptens b. epitopes c. antibodies d. protein receptors
Last Answer : b. epitopes
Description : HLA-B27 antigen?
Last Answer : DefinitionHLA-B27 is a blood test to look for specific protein found on the surface of white blood cells. The protein is called human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27).Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are ... the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the band i
Description : With regard to interferons: a. they are produced by B lymphocytes b. IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus c. IFN-gamma increases MCH class I and II expression in antigen presenting cell d. IFN-gamma is produced by fibroblasts
Last Answer : IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus
Description : Immunosuppressive agents used in preventing transplant rejection primarily affect a. macrophages. b. neutrophils. c. dendritic cells. d. T cells.
Last Answer : d. T cells.
Description : In the body's immune system, _____ are the major producers of secreted antibodies. a. macrophages b. plasma cells c. T cells d. B cells
Last Answer : b. plasma cells
Description : TH1 cells activate a. B cells. b. Killing of pathogens in macrophages. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d. Humoral immunity.
Last Answer : d. Humoral immunity
Description : . MHC class I proteins would be found on___________ whereas MHC class II proteins would be found on_____________ a. Nucleated Cells; Plasma Cells b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages c. Dendritic Cells; Neutrophils d. Only White Blood Cells; Red Blood Cells
Last Answer : b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages
Description : Which of the following is a cellular barrier in the innate defense system? a. macrophages b. Erythrocytes c. B-cells d. T-cells
Last Answer : a. macrophages
Description : ________ bind to_________ on microbial invaders. a. Toll-like receptors; PAM Ps b. Mast cells; histamine c. Toll-like receptors; complement d. Macrophages; defensins
Last Answer : a. Toll-like receptors; PAM Ps
Description : With regard to interleukins: a. IL-2 is produced mainly by CD8+ cells b. IL-3 stimulates the growth of haemopoietic stem cells c. IL-4 increases the production of IL-1 d. IL-6 stimulates acute phase protein synthesis
Last Answer : IL-6 stimulates acute phase protein synthesis
Description : Chemically an antigen may be A- lipid B- protein C- polysaccharide D- any of these
Last Answer : any of these
Description : A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is A.EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not B.EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not C.EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not D.EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
Last Answer : A.EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
Description : _____ cells have antibodies on their surface that perform receptor functions by binding to antigen (epitope). a. T b. B c. NK d. A-C are correct
Last Answer : b. B
Description : Clonal selection includes a. Antigen-receptor binding on B cells. b. Antibody secretion recognizing same epitope as on B cell receptors. c. Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory cells. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.
Last Answer : d. All the above (A—C) are correct.
Description : Which of the following expresses CD3 surface antigen? A- Granulocytes B- T cells C- Monocytes D- B cells
Last Answer : T cells
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of ... immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d During the ischemia and hypoperfusion phase, degradation of ATP stores essential to maintain cell integrity and significant loss of diffusible ... either the neutrophil adhesive complex or the endothelial selectins dramatically lessens ischemia/reperfusion microvascular injury
Description : Which of the following statements is not true regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or the disease it causes? A.The pathogen contains mycolic acid in its cell wall B.The pathogen can live inside macrophages C.Antibodies to the pathogen are protective D.None of these
Last Answer : C.Antibodies to the pathogen are protective
Description : The following are true : a. the HLA proteins are found within the cytoplasm of the cells b. HLA class I antigens are expressed on all cells with nuclei c. HLA class II antigens presents ... on chromosome 6 e. HLA tissue typing is carried out in all forms of transplantation to prevent rejection
Last Answer : HLA class I antigens are expressed on all cells with nuclei
Description : The protein present in the finger nail is (1) Actin (2) Myosin (3) Globin (4) Keratin
Last Answer : (4) Keratin Explanation: Keratin is a fibrous protein making up most cells found in our nails and hair and the epidermis layer of our skin. It also makes up fish scales and crustacean shells, bird feathers and beaks, and animal horns and hooves.
Last Answer : Keratin
Description : Protein portion of an enzyme when it is combined with organic molecule is termed as A- apoenzyme B- co-enzyme C- holoenzyme D- co-factors
Last Answer : apoenzyme
Description : Denaturation refers to the loss of the ______ structure of a ______ molecule. a. primary; carbohydrate b. molecular; fat c. secondary; starch d. tertiary; protein
Last Answer : d. tertiary; protein
Description : The double helix is a structural arrangement associated with _____. a. A Polysaccharide. b. The DNA Molecule. c. Glucose Molecules In Starch. d. A Protein.
Last Answer : b. The DNA Molecule.
Description : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule
Last Answer : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule A. on light chain as well as ... region of light chain D. on heavy chain only
Description : MHC Class III proteins include (A) Immunoglobulins (B) Components of complement system (C) T cells receptors (D) CD4 and CD8 proteins
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : In Type I hypersensitivity the first dose of antigen is the _____. a. Immunizing Dose b. Sensitizing Dose c. Allergizing Dose d. Activating Dose
Last Answer : b. Sensitizing Dose
Description : What is the advantage of a recombinant subunit vaccine? a. it can't cause disease b. adverse reactions are rare because only the important subunits of the antigen are included c. the vaccine is not made from blood fragments d. A-C are correct
Last Answer : d. A-C are correct
Description : Titer refers to a. The most concentrated antigen-antibody concentration showing a reaction. b. The first diluted antigen-antibody concentration showing a reaction. c. The precipitation line ... antigen-antibody reaction. d. The most dilute antigen-antibody concentration showing a reaction.
Last Answer : d. The most dilute antigen-antibody concentration showing a reaction.
Description : An attenuated vaccine contains a. Inactive toxins. b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens. c. Killed bacteria. d. Noninfective antigen subunits.
Last Answer : b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens.
Description : Which one of the following is not an antigen? a. A toxin b. A virus c. A bacterial cell d. All (A-C) are antigens
Last Answer : d. All (A-C) are antigens
Description : An antigen binding site on the IgG antibody is a combination of a. One variable region from a light chain and one from a heavy chain. b. Two variable regions from two light chains. c. Two ... from two heavy chains. d. One variable region from a constant region and one from a variable region.
Last Answer : a. One variable region from a light chain and one from a heavy chain.
Description : In which of the following case a large lattice is formed? A.Antibody is in excess B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion C.Antigen is in excess D.None of these
Last Answer : B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion
Description : Which of the following(s) is/are the determinants of antigenicity? A- Chemical nature B- Size of the antigen C- Foreignness D- All of these
Last Answer : All of these