Angstrom Pyrheloimeter

Angstrom Pyrheloimeter
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Angstrom Pyrheloimeter:- This pyrheliometer has a rectangular aperture, two manganin-strip sensors (20.0 mm × 2.0 mm × 0.02 mm) and several diaphragms to let only direct sunlight reach the sensor. The sensor surface is painted optical black and has uniform absorption characteristics for shortwave radiation. A copper-constantan thermocouple is attached to the rear of each sensor strip, and the thermocouple is connected to a galvanometer. The sensor strips also work as electric resistors and generate heat when a current flows across them. When solar irradiance is measured with this type of pyrheliometer, the small shutter on the front face of the cylinder shields one sensor strip from sunlight, allowing it to reach only the other sensor. A temperature difference is therefore produced between the two sensor strips because one absorbs solar radiation and the other does not, and a thermo electromotive force proportional to this difference induces current flow through the galvanometer. Then, a current is supplied to the cooler sensor strip (the one shaded from solar radiation) until the pointer in the galvanometer indicates zero, at which point the temperature raised by solar radiation is compensated by Joule heat.

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