Principles of photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic plants consist of photovoltaic cells which work based on the photovoltaic effect. In photovoltaic effect, two dissimilar materials (like silicon and germanium) are put in close contact. When exposed to radiation, electrons from one material absorb the photons, get excited and jump to the other material. This movement of electrons induces positive charge in one material and negative in the other resulting in generation of electro motive force. In a solar power plant, an array of solar cells in created (in series and parallel with each other) to produce desired current and voltage level
Components of SPV system:
1. PV array
2. Inverter
3. Storage batteries
4. Charge controller of battery controller
5. Equipment to control, conduct and protect power