What are IP (ingressive protection) and IC?

What are IP (ingressive protection) and IC?
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1 Answer

Answer :

IP means ingressive protection to the motor against the dust and water entry.

The first digit indicates protection against accidental contact with live or moving parts (solid particles).

The second digit indicates protection against ingress of water, foreign bodies (liquid particles).

IC means instrument cooling to the motor (type of cooling) 
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How the electrical power system protection is divided?

Description : How the electrical power system protection is divided?

Last Answer : The overall system protection is divided into • Generator protection • Transformer protection • Busbar protection • Transmission line protection and • Feeder protection

What are the different relays that employed for protection of apparatus and transmission lines?

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How Transformer Protection provided for internal faults?

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Last Answer : 1.Bucholz Relay (1st Stage Alarm and 2nd Stage Trip) 2.Sudden Pressure Relay (1st Stage Alarm and 2nd Stage Trip) 3.Pressure Relief Valve (1st Stage Alarm and 2nd Stage Trip) 4.Pressure Switch ... 8.Gas Temperature Indicator (Alarm) 9.Silicon Breather (Passive - no alarm) 10.Smoke Detector (Alarm)

Explain differential protection?

Description : Explain differential protection?

Last Answer : Differential protection is based on the fact that any fault within an electrical equipment would cause the current entering it, to be different, from that leaving it. Thus, we can compare the two ... phase or both and issue a trip output if the difference exceeds a pre- determined set value.

What are the problems in bus zone differential protection?

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Last Answer : Large number of circuits, different current levels for different circuits for external faults. Saturation of CT cores due to dc component and ac component in short circuit currents. The saturation ... the bus makes circuit complicated. Setting of relays need a change with large load changes.

What are the merits of carrier current protection?

Description : What are the merits of carrier current protection?

Last Answer : Fast operation, auto re-closing possible, easy discrimination of simultaneous faults .

Why busbar protection is needed?

Description : Why busbar protection is needed?

Last Answer : (a) Fault level at busbar is high (b) The stability of the system is affected by the faults in the bus zone. (c) A fault in the bus bar causes interruption of supply to a large portion of the system network.

What is over fluxing protection in transformer?

Description : What is over fluxing protection in transformer?

Last Answer : If the turns ratio of the transformer is more than 1:1, there will be higher core loss and the capability of the transformer to withstand this is limited to a few minutes only. This phenomenon is called over fluxing.

What are the problems arising in differential protection in power transformer and how are they overcome?

Description : What are the problems arising in differential protection in power transformer and how are they overcome?

Last Answer : 1. Difference in lengths of pilot wires on either sides of the relay. This is overcome by connecting adjustable resistors to pilot wires to get equipotential points on the pilot wires. 2. ... harmonic restraining unit is added to the relay which will block it when the transformer is energized.

What is the backup protection available for an alternator?

Description : What is the backup protection available for an alternator?

Last Answer : Overcurrent and earth fault protection is the backup protections.

Give the limitations of Merz Price protection.

Description : Give the limitations of Merz Price protection.

Last Answer : Since neutral earthing resistances are often used to protect circuit from earth-fault currents, it becomes impossible to protect the whole of a star-connected alternator. If an earth-fault occurs ... secondary quantities and a possibility of current through the relay even when there is no fault.

Define the term pilot with reference to power line protection.

Description : Define the term pilot with reference to power line protection.

Last Answer : Pilot wires refers to the wires that connect the CT’s placed at the ends of a power transmission line as part of its protection scheme. The resistance of the pilot wires is usually less than 500 ohms.

Mention the short comings of Merz Price scheme of protection applied to a power transformer.

Description : Mention the short comings of Merz Price scheme of protection applied to a power transformer.

Last Answer : In a power transformer, currents in the primary and secondary are to be compared. As these two currents are usually different, the use of identical transformers will give differential current, and ... turn-ratio are used, the differential current may flow through the relay under normal condition.

What is back up protection?

Description : What is back up protection?

Last Answer : Is the second line of defence , which operates if the primary protection fails to activate within a definite time delay.

What is primary protection?

Description : What is primary protection?

Last Answer : Is the protection in which the fault occurring in a line will be cleared by its own relay and circuit breaker. It serves as the first line of defence.