Explain the concept of black box testing and white box testing.

Explain the concept of black box testing and white box testing.
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Answer :

Black Box Testing:

* It is a way of software testing in which the internal structure or the program or the code is hidden and nothing is known about it.

* It also known as data-driven, box testing, data-, and functional testing.

* This type of testing is ideal for higher levels of testing like System Testing, Acceptance testing.

* It is mostly done by software testers.

* No knowledge of implementation is needed.

* It is functional test of the software.

* Testing can start after preparing requirement specification document.

* Techniques used:

o Equivalence partitioning: Equivalence partitioning divides input values into valid and invalid partitions and selecting corresponding values from each partition of the test data.

o Boundary value analysis:

checks boundaries for input values.

* Advantages of Black Box Testing

* Efficient when used on large systems.

* Since the tester and developer are independent of each other, testing is balanced and unprejudiced.

* Tester can be non-technical.

* There is no need for the tester to have detailed functional knowledge of system.

* Tests will be done from an end user's point of view, because the end user should accept the system. (This testing technique is sometimes also called Acceptance testing.)

* Testing helps to identify vagueness and contradictions in functional specifications.

* Test cases can be designed as soon as the functional specifications are complete.

* Disadvantages of Black Box Testing

* Test cases are challenging to design without having clear functional specifications.

* It is difficult to identify tricky inputs if the test cases are not developed based on specifications.

* It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. As a result, writing test cases may be slow and difficult.

* There are chances of having unidentified paths during the testing process.

* There is a high probability of repeating tests already performed by the programmer.

White Box Testing:

* It is a way of testing the software in which the tester has knowledge about the internal structure r the code or the program of the software.

* It is also called structural testing, clear box testing, code-based testing, or glass box testing.

* Testing is best suited for a lower level of testing like Unit

Testing, Integration testing.

* It is mostly done by software developers.

* Knowledge of implementation is required.

* It is structural test of the software.

* Testing can start after preparing for Detail design document.

* Techniques Used:

o Statement Coverage, Branch coverage, and Path coverage are White Box testing technique.

o Statement Coverage validates whether every line of the code is executed at least once.

o Branch coverage validates whether each branch is executed at least once.

o Path coverage method tests all the paths of the program.

* Advantages of White Box Testing

* Code optimization by finding hidden errors.

* White box tests cases can be easily automated.

* Testing is more thorough as all code paths are usually covered.

* Testing can start early in SDLC even if GUI is not available.

* Disadvantages of White Box Testing

White box testing can be quite complex and expensive.

* Developers who usually execute white box test cases detest it. The white box testing by developers is not detailed can lead to production errors.

* White box testing requires professional resources, with a detailed understanding of programming and implementation.

* White-box testing is time-consuming, bigger programming applications take the time to test fully.

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