Explain the notations used for preparing a Data Flow diagram.

1 Answer

Answer :

Circle: A circle (bubble) shows a process that transforms data inputs into data outputs.

Data Flow: A curved line shows the flow of data into or out of a process or data store.

Data Store: A set of parallel lines shows a place for the collection of data items. A data store indicates that the data is stored which can be used at a later stage or by the other processes in a different order. The data store can have an element or group of elements.

Source or Sink: Source or Sink is an external entity and acts as a source of system inputs or sink of system outputs.

image

Related questions

Description : Explain Process framework with a suitable diagram.

Last Answer : A process framework establishes the foundation for a complete software process by identifying a small number of framework activities that are applicable to all software projects; In addition, the ... the customer who evaluates the delivered product and provides feedback based on the evaluation.

Description : Explain incremental process model using suitable diagram.

Last Answer : 1. Incremental model is also called as iterative enhancement model. 2. In this model the software is built in an incremental fashion. 3. Fig shows the project is divided into ... and it should be noted that the process flow for any increment can incorporate the prototyping paradigm. 

Description : Explain different tasks of regions of spiral model with diagram.

Last Answer : Traditional method or model of software development Also encompasses all the essential development phases: * Requirements analysis * Design * Code * Test * Maintenance  ... appear controllable to the customer, particularly if the customer is more accustomed to the waterfall model.

Description : Are the notations used for exponents and logarithms confusing?

Last Answer : answer:Consider multiplication. We express 2+2+2 as 3*2, which seems quite natural I completely disagree. I consider 3*2 to mean 3 + 3, not 2+2+2. I don't consider that backwards at all. It's ... 3, added two times . Correspondingly, 3^2 means 3 * 3, reading The number 3, multiplied two times .

Description : When attending a family reunion where they have a family tree physically posted in the room, do you think there should be special notations for the family members who've been adopted into the family?

Last Answer : No,they are part of the family.I do think there should be gold stars next to the dumbasses who came up with that idea;)

Description : With usual notations, the expression V²/gR represents  (A) Centrifugal force  (B) Centrifugal ratio  (C) Super elevation  (D) Radial acceleration 

Last Answer : (B) Centrifugal ratio

Description : With usual notations the depth of the neutral axis of a balanced section, is given by (A) mc/t = (d - n)/n (B) t/mc = (d - n)/n (C) t/mc = (d + n)/n (D) mc/t = n/(d - n)

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : When signed numbers are used in binary arithmetic, then which one of the following notations would have unique representation for zero. (A) Sign-magnitude. (B) 1’s complement. (C) 2’s complement. (D) 9’s complement.

Last Answer : (A) Sign-magnitude.

Description : Which of the following notations have two repetitions of zero ?  (P) 1's complement with radix of number being 2  (Q) 7's complement with radix of number being 8.  (R) 9's complement with radix of number being 10.  (S) 10's ... below:   (a) P,Q and S (b) P and R (c) Q, R and S (d) P,Q and R

Last Answer : Which of the following notations have two repetitions of zero ?  (P) 1's complement with radix of number being 2  (Q) 7's complement with radix of number being 8.  (R) 9's complement with radix of number being 10.  (S) 10 ... :   (a) P,Q and S (b) P and R (c) Q, R and S (d) P,Q and R

Description : Explain the concept of black box testing and white box testing.

Last Answer : Black Box Testing: * It is a way of software testing in which the internal structure or the program or the code is hidden and nothing is known about it. * It also known as ... implementation. * White-box testing is time-consuming, bigger programming applications take the time to test fully.

Description : Explain six function of requirement engineering process.

Last Answer : Requirement Engineering: The broad spectrum of tasks and techniques that lead to an understanding of requirements is called requirements engineering. It starts during the communication activity and ... and track requirements and changes to requirements at any time as the project proceeds.

Description : Explain GANTT chart and its application for project tracking with an example. 

Last Answer : When creating software project schedule, we begin with a set of tasks. If automated tools are used, the work breakdown is input as a task network or task outline. Effort, duration and start date are then ... can also use Gantt charts to get an overview of how things are rolling on the work front. 

Description : Explain waterfall process model. State its advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : The waterfall model is a traditional method, sometimes called the classic life cycle. This is one of the initial models. As the figure implies stages are cascaded and shall be developed one ... 6. Not suitable for the projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing.

Description : With an example, explain Line of Code (LOC) based estimation.

Last Answer : LOC-Based Estimation: As an example of LOC and FP problem-based estimation techniques, let us consider a software package to be developed for a computer-aided design application for mechanical components. A ... guide, a preliminary statement of software scope can be developed: Example:

Description : Draw and explain Level 1 DFD for railway reservation system.

Last Answer : The passenger can initiate either Reservation process or Enquiry process; If a user opts for Reservation process then the system shall proceed with ticket generation process and same needs to ... enquiry module then appropriate request shall be entertain and result to be displayed to the user.

Description : Explain four basic principles of software project scheduling.

Last Answer : Basic principles software project scheduling:  Compartmentalization: The project must be compartmentalized into a number of manageable activities and tasks. To accomplish compartmentalization, both the product and ... or part of a work product - Work products are often combined in deliverables 

Description : State and explain with examples four categories of software.

Last Answer : Types / Categories of Software  1. System Software  1. System software is a collection of programs written to service other programs. 2. Few examples of system software are compilers, editors, ... database access are only a few of hundreds of applications.  Example: Microsoft word, Excel.

Description : Compare CMMI and ISO for software w.r.to i)scope ii)Approach Iii) Implementation.

Last Answer : Difference between CMMI and ISO based on SCOPE: CMMI is rigid and extends only to businesses developing software intensive systems. ISO is flexible and applicable to all manufacturing industries. CMMI ... in-house teams, or rely on external auditors to see through the implementation process. 

Description : Describe the Analytical method of project cost estimation with example.

Last Answer : Analytical estimation techniques derive the required results starting with basic assumptions regarding the project. Thus, unlike empirical and heuristic techniques, analytical techniques do have scientific basis. Halstead's ... the program, * N2 be the total number of operands used in the program.

Description : Describe RMMM Strategy.

Last Answer : Risk mitigation, monitoring, and management (RMMM) plan. A risk management strategy can be included in the software project plan or the risk management steps can be organized into a ... associated with implementing them. In essence, the project planner performs a classic cost/benefit analysis.

Description : Enlist core principles of software engineering practice.

Last Answer : 1. Reason it all exists. Provide value to the user 2.Keep it simple stupid 3.Maintain the vision 4. What you reproduce, someone else will have to consume. (implement knowing someone else will have to ... are doing) 5.Be open to the future 6. Plan ahead for reuse Plan ahead for reuse Think!

Description : Describe 4 P’s of management spectrum giving their significance.

Last Answer : The Management Spectrum - 4 Ps and their Significance Effective software project management focuses on these items (in this order) Deals with the cultivation of motivated, highly skilled people ... 1998 survey, 26% of software projects failed outright, 46% experienced cost and schedule overruns.

Description : Name four software quality assurance activities.

Last Answer : These activities are performed (or facilitated) by an independent SQA group that: i. Prepares an SQA plan for a project. ii. Participates in the development of the project's software ... handled according to a documented procedure. vi. Records any noncompliance and reports to senior management.

Description : Define software quality.

Last Answer : 1.Quality means that a product satisfies the demands of its specifications  2. It also means achieving a high level of customer satisfaction with the product  3. In software systems ... (e.g. maintainability or reusability) * Software specifications are often incomplete, inconsistent, or ambiguous

Description : Name two cost estimation approaches.

Last Answer : * Heuristic Estimation Approach * Analytical Estimation Approach * Empirical Estimation Approach

Description : Define proactive and reactive risk strategy.

Last Answer : Reactive risk strategies Reactive risk strategy follows that the risks have to be tackled at the time of their occurrence. No precautions are to be taken as per this strategy. They ... their probability of occurrence, their impact after occurrence, and steps to be followed for its precaution.

Description : Define software requirement specification.

Last Answer : Concept: A software requirements specification (SRS) is a document that is created when a detailed description of all aspects of the software to be built that must be specified before the ... written by Business Analysts who interact with client and gather the requirements to build the software.

Description : State two characteristics of Software.

Last Answer : Characteristics of software : * Software is developed or engineered; it is not manufactured in the classical sense. * Software doesn’t “wear out.” But it does deteriorate! * Although the industry is moving toward component-based construction, most software continues to be custom built.

Description : Define software. Draw the failure curve for software.

Last Answer : Definition of Software  Software is: 1. Instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired features, function, and performance; 2. Data structures that enable the programs to adequately ... hard copy and virtual forms that describes the operation and use of the programs.

Description : What is requirement engg. ? What is its need? What are different subtasks included in it?

Last Answer : Requirement Engineering:- Software process perspective, requirements engineering is a major software engineering action that begins during the communication activity and continues into the modeling activity. ... * Elaboration * Negotiation * Specification * Validation * Requirements management

Description : Write difference between cardinality and modaling.

Last Answer : Cardinality Modality Cardinality defines the range of object-to object Relationships Modality indicates whether or not a relationship between objects is mandatory Expected ... maximum numbers occurrences in relationship It gives minimum numbers occurrences in relationship

Description : Write importance of analysis modeling.

Last Answer : * Designing gets easier to the designer * Better understanding of system can be accomplished * System feasibility can be determined * Defines data objects * Describes data attributes  ... * Refines data objects * Creates a functional hierarchy represent behavior at different levels of detail 

Description : State attributes of good software.

Last Answer : 1. Functionality: It refers to the degree of performance of the software against its intended purpose. 2. Reliability: It refers to the ability of the software to provide desired functionality ... degree to which the software can keep on functioning in spite of being provided with invalid data.

Description : While preparing Cash Flow Statement, non-cash items and non-operating items are not required to be adjusted under________ A. Indirect method B. Direct method C. Both a and b D. None of the above

Last Answer : B. Direct method

Description : State the purpose of preparing data drawing and measures drawing.

Last Answer : Purpose of preparing Data drawing - 1) Data drawing is necessary to prepare line plan of proposed structure as per requirements of owner like, number of family members, number of units required, ... modifications in existing structure. 4) For taking judgement in case of any dispute about area. 

Description : The data Flow Diagram is the basic component of …………… system A) Conceptual B) Logical C) Physical

Last Answer : A) Conceptual

Description : DFD stands for A) Data Flow Document B) Data File Diagram C) Data Flow Diagram D) Non of the above

Last Answer : C) Data Flow Diagram

Description : Explain the manufacturing of Di-ammonium phosphate with a process flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Di Ammonium Phosphate  Anhydrous and dry ammonia and phosphoric acid are charged into the first reactor. About 80% neutralization is done in the first reactor. Further ammonia is added to second reactor. So conversion to ... .  Reaction NH3 + H3PO4 → NH4H2PO4 NH3 + NH4H2PO → (NH4)2HPO4

Description : Explain the manufacturing process of phosphoric acid with chemical reaction and process flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Phosphoric acid by wet process 1. H2SO4 leaching Reaction: Process: Phosphate rock is ground and fed to chute where a recycle stream of weak phosphoric acid washes into reaction ... Phosphoric acid is recovered in triple effect evaporator and CaCl2 is separated from final settler.

Description : Explain manufacturing of water gas with the help of process flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Water Gas (continuous process): Raw materials: Steam, coal, oxygen Reactions:  Process description: This process was invented in 1940 by Germans. This process is based on use of tonnage ... in the products of combustion mainly Nitrogen,CO2,CO are allowed to pass into the atmosphere

Description : Draw a flow sheet diagram of manufacturing of producer gas and explain its working. 

Last Answer : Producer gas, It is a mixture of flammable gases (principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and nonflammable gases (mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide) made by the partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, ... valve on the top. Producer gas is cooled by passing through waste heat boiler.  

Description : Explain the manufacturing of Triple super phosphate with flow diagram. 

Last Answer : Triple superphosphate  This material is much more concentrated fertilizer then ordinary superphosphate it contains from 45 to 46% of available P2O5 of nearly three times the amount in the regular ... Exhaust gases from granulator and cooler are scrubbed with water to remove silicofluorides.  

Description : Explain manufacturing of Producer gas with process flow diagram.

Last Answer : Producer gas, It is a mixture of flammable gases (principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and nonflammable gases (mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide) made by the partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, ... valve on the top. Producer gas is cooled by passing through waste heat boiler.

Description : Explain the working and principle of electromagnetic flow meter with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Electromagnetic flow meter:  Principle: Electromagnetic flow meter works on the principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction which states that when a current carrying conductor moves through stationary ... of fluid changes causing the induced emf to change. Diagram:

Description : Explain with neat labelled diagram measurement of flow using venturi meter

Last Answer : Explanation: It is a primary element of differential pressure Flow meters. 1) It consists of a straight inlet section, a converging conical inlet section, a cylindrical throat and diverging recovery ... abruptly, so permanent pressure loss or energy loss is very low as compared to orifice plate.

Description : Draw and explain power flow diagram of induction motor.

Last Answer : Power flow diagram of induction motor: 1) Energy flow diagram is a graphical representation of the different power flow paths in which the width of the arrows are proportional to quantity of ... rotor body and bearings. The remaining power then appears as net rotor output mechanical power.

Description : How are you preparing for a nuclear fallout?

Last Answer : Collecting bottle caps

Description : Are you already preparing for post-pandemic life?

Last Answer : I am sending out the orgy invitations tomorrow.

Description : How are you preparing to conquer August?

Last Answer : I’m not.