Bacterial decomposition of biological material under anaerobic condition is – (1) fermentation (2) fertilization (3) contamination (4) composting

Bacterial decomposition of biological material under anaerobic condition is – (1) fermentation (2) fertilization (3) contamination (4) composting
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(1) fermentation Explanation: Fermentation is the process by which complex organic compounds, such as glucose, are broken down by the action of enzymes into simpler com-pounds in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic). Yeasts can convert sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide by fermentation. Fermentation is used to produce ****, ****, yogurt and other products.
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Bacterial decomposition of biological material under anaerobic condition is (1) fermentation (2) fertilization (3) contamination (4) composting

Description : Bacterial decomposition of biological material under anaerobic condition is (1) fermentation (2) fertilization (3) contamination (4) composting

Last Answer : fermentation

Pick up the correct statement from the following: A. Indore method of composting involves decomposition under aerobic conditions B. Bangalore method of composting involves decomposing under anaerobic conditions C. Fully stabilised refuse by the Bangalore method of compositing is a powdery mass called humus D. all of these

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: A. Indore method of composting involves decomposition under aerobic conditions B. Bangalore method of composting involves decomposing under anaerobic conditions C ... the Bangalore method of compositing is a powdery mass called humus D. all of these

Last Answer : ANS: D

The biological decomposition of organic substances in wastes under controlled conditions known as - (1) composting (2) incineration (3) sanitary landfill (4) pyrolysis

Description : The biological decomposition of organic substances in wastes under controlled conditions known as - (1) composting (2) incineration (3) sanitary landfill (4) pyrolysis

Last Answer : (1) composting

The biological decomposition of organic substances in wastes under controlled conditions known as (1) composting (2) incineration (3) sanitary landfill (4) pyrolysis

Description : The biological decomposition of organic substances in wastes under controlled conditions known as (1) composting (2) incineration (3) sanitary landfill (4) pyrolysis

Last Answer : composting

The fruit when kept is open, tastes bitter after 2 hours because of (A) Loss of water from juice (B) Decreased concentration of fructose in juice (C) Fermentation by yeast (D) Contamination by bacterial enzymes

Description : The fruit when kept is open, tastes bitter after 2 hours because of (A) Loss of water from juice (B) Decreased concentration of fructose in juice (C) Fermentation by yeast (D) Contamination by bacterial enzymes

Last Answer : Answer : D

The biological decomposition of organic substances in wastes controlled conditions is called (A) Incineration (B) Biological oxidation(C) Composting(D) None of these

Description : The biological decomposition of organic substances in wastes controlled conditions is called (A) Incineration (B) Biological oxidation (C) Composting (D) None of these

Last Answer : (C) Composting

Which two distinct microbial processes are responsible for the release of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen gas (N2) to the atmosphere? (a) Aerobic nitrate oxidation and nitrite reduction (b) Decomposition of organic nitrogen and conversion of dinitrogen to ammonium compounds (c) Enteric fermentation in cattle and nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium in root nodules of legumes (d) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification

Description : Which two distinct microbial processes are responsible for the release of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen gas (N2) to the atmosphere? (a) Aerobic nitrate oxidation and nitrite reduction (b) ... fixation by Rhizobium in root nodules of legumes (d) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification

Last Answer : (d) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification

Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described? (a) Catabolism – Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition (b) Leaching – Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil (c) Fragmentation – Carried out by organisms such as earthworm (d) Humification – Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate.

Description : Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described? (a) Catabolism - Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition (b) Leaching - Water soluble inorganic ... of a dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate.

Last Answer : (c) Fragmentation – Carried out by organisms such as earthworm

Assertion: Warm and moist environment can enhance the rate of decomposition Reason: Warm and moist climate leads to create anaerobic condition which p

Description : Assertion: Warm and moist environment can enhance the rate of decomposition Reason: Warm and moist climate leads to create anaerobic condition which p

Last Answer : Assertion: Warm and moist environment can enhance the rate of decomposition Reason: Warm and moist climate ... and Reason are false, then mark (4)

Air used in aerobic fermentation must be sterilized, otherwise the (A) Recovery of product will be difficult (B) Contamination of pure culture would result (C) Uniformity of product cannot be achieved (D) None of these

Description : Air used in aerobic fermentation must be sterilized, otherwise the (A) Recovery of product will be difficult (B) Contamination of pure culture would result (C) Uniformity of product cannot be achieved (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Contamination of pure culture would result

which one of the following situations would most likely promote bacterial contamination -General Knowledge

Description : which one of the following situations would most likely promote bacterial contamination -General Knowledge

Last Answer : Touching raw chicken and cooked chicken with the same gloves would most likely promote bacterial contamination.

Wounds are classified according to the likelihood of bacterial contamination. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning wound classifications? a. A clean-contaminated wound would be that associated with an elective colon resection with adequate mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation b. A contaminated wound would include a resection of obstructed bowel with gross spillage of intestinal contents c. In a clean wound, no viscus is entered d. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered for all clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds and selectively in patients involving a clean wound

Description : Wounds are classified according to the likelihood of bacterial contamination. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning wound classifications? a. A clean-contaminated wound would ... all clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds and selectively in patients involving a clean wound

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Wounds are classified under three classes according to the likelihood of bacterial contamination: 1) clean (no viscus is entered; e.g., herniorrhaphy); 2) clean- ... tenet involves cases in which a prosthetic material may be used (artificial joint, heart valve, tissue patch)

A patient with gross fecal contamination and peritonitis from a ruptured sigmoid diverticulum has his midline wound left open to heal by secondary intention. Which of the following statement(s) describes this healing process? a. Wounds healing in this fashion have an altered sequence of healing compared to a primarily closed wound b. A bed of granulation tissue forms over exposed subcutaneous tissue c. Epithelialization is enhanced in the face of bacterial colonization d. The ability of a wound to form granulation tissue is dependent on the blood supply of the tissue

Description : A patient with gross fecal contamination and peritonitis from a ruptured sigmoid diverticulum has his midline wound left open to heal by secondary intention. Which of the following statement(s) describes this ... of a wound to form granulation tissue is dependent on the blood supply of the tissue

Last Answer : Answer: b, d Open wounds, whether they be ulcers or open surgical incisions closing by secondary intention, heal with the same sequence of inflammation, matrix deposition, epithelialization ... via bacterial and phagocytic cell products such as proteases, collagenases, elastases, and other enzymes

The biological process in which both aerobes and anaerobes degrade organic matter is - (1) Manuring (2) Composting (3) Digesting (4) Nitrifying

Description : The biological process in which both aerobes and anaerobes degrade organic matter is - (1) Manuring (2) Composting (3) Digesting (4) Nitrifying

Last Answer : (2) Composting Explanation: Composting is the depomposition of plant remains and other once-living materials to make an earthy, dark, crumbly substance that is excellent for enriching soil. It is the chief way to recycle wastes.

The biological process in which both aerobes and anaerobes degrade organic matter is (1) Manuring (2) Composting (3) Digesting (4) Nitrifying

Description : The biological process in which both aerobes and anaerobes degrade organic matter is (1) Manuring (2) Composting (3) Digesting (4) Nitrifying

Last Answer : Composting

What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation ?

Description : What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation ?

Last Answer : Abat respiration 1. It occurs in living cells. 2. Is in higher class plants. 3. No medium is required. 4. Glucose is used internally. 5. Efficacy of enzymes like carboxylase , dehydrogenase etc. ... . 5. Efficacy of an enzyme called Zyzyme occurs. . Alcohol and CO2 are stored outside the cell.

During glycolysis of glucose the energy liberated in the absence of oxygen is known as (A) Oxygenesis (B) Glyconeogenesis (C) Glycogenolysis (D) Anaerobic fermentation

Description : During glycolysis of glucose the energy liberated in the absence of oxygen is known as (A) Oxygenesis (B) Glyconeogenesis (C) Glycogenolysis (D) Anaerobic fermentation

Last Answer : Answer : D

Fermentation is a type of ______ process. (1) Aerobic Respiration (2) Anaerobic Respiration (3) Exothermic Reaction (4) Transpiration

Description : Fermentation is a type of ______ process. (1) Aerobic Respiration (2) Anaerobic Respiration (3) Exothermic Reaction (4) Transpiration

Last Answer : (2) Anaerobic Respiration Explanation: Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic conditions. It also occurs in oxygenstarved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation.

Production of alcohol from organic compounds by microorganisms is known as (1) Combustion (2) Fermentation (3) Anaerobic: respiration (4) Aerobic respiration

Description : Production of alcohol from organic compounds by microorganisms is known as (1) Combustion (2) Fermentation (3) Anaerobic: respiration (4) Aerobic respiration

Last Answer : (3) Anaerobic: respiration Explanation: The process of breaking down large molecules into simpler one in the presence of enzyme is called fermentation.

Production of alcohol by fermentation of molasses is a/an __________ process. (A) Anaerobic (B) Aerobic (C) Endothermic (D) Both (B) and (C)

Description : Production of alcohol by fermentation of molasses is a/an __________ process. (A) Anaerobic (B) Aerobic (C) Endothermic (D) Both (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (B) Aerobic

If cells can use oxygen in cellular respiration it is called _____. a. Anaerobic Respiration b. Alcoholic Fermentation c. Acid Fermentation d. Aerobic Respiration

Description : If cells can use oxygen in cellular respiration it is called _____. a. Anaerobic Respiration b. Alcoholic Fermentation c. Acid Fermentation d. Aerobic Respiration

Last Answer : c. Acid Fermentation

Penicillin is made employing __________ fermentation process. (A) Continuous (B) Aerobic batch (C) Anaerobic batch (D) None of these

Description : Penicillin is made employing __________ fermentation process. (A) Continuous (B) Aerobic batch (C) Anaerobic batch (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Aerobic batch

The use of oxygen gas (02) in an exergonic pathway generating ATP is called a. Anaerobic Respiration. b. Photosynthesis. c. Aerobic Respiration. d. Fermentation.

Description : The use of oxygen gas (02) in an exergonic pathway generating ATP is called a. Anaerobic Respiration. b. Photosynthesis. c. Aerobic Respiration. d. Fermentation.

Last Answer : c. Aerobic Respiration.

Anaerobic fermentation of animal excreta leads to generation of a) Petrol b) Diesel c) Natural gas d) Methane

Description : . Anaerobic fermentation of animal excreta leads to generation of a) Petrol b) Diesel c) Natural gas d) Methane

Last Answer : Methane

Fermentation is a type of ________ process . (1) Aerobic Respiration (2) Anaerobic Respiration (3) Exothermic Reaction (4) Transpiration

Description : Fermentation is a type of ________ process . (1) Aerobic Respiration (2) Anaerobic Respiration (3) Exothermic Reaction (4) Transpiration

Last Answer : Exothermic respiration

Production of alcohol from organic compounds by microorganisms is known as (1) Combustion (2) Fermentation (3) Anaerobic respiration (4) Aerobic respiration

Description : Production of alcohol from organic compounds by microorganisms is known as (1) Combustion (2) Fermentation (3) Anaerobic respiration (4) Aerobic respiration

Last Answer : Fermentation

Many microbes can effect the chemical process of (a) Dehydration (b) Decomposition (c) Fermentation (d) Polymerisation

Description : Many microbes can effect the chemical process of (a) Dehydration (b) Decomposition (c) Fermentation (d) Polymerisation

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

Fermentation is a process of decomposition of an organic compound by (1) catalysts (2) enzymes (3) carbanions (4) free radicals

Description : Fermentation is a process of decomposition of an organic compound by (1) catalysts (2) enzymes (3) carbanions (4) free radicals

Last Answer : (2) enzymes Explanation: Fermentation in food processing typically is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeasts, bacteria, or a combination there ... to lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation follows the same enzymatic pathway for the first 10 steps.

Role of biotechnology in the production of food based on ------? A. Decomposition B. Respiration C. Digestion D. Fermentation (Answer) E. None of these

Description : Role of biotechnology in the production of food based on ------? A. Decomposition B. Respiration C. Digestion D. Fermentation (Answer) E. None of these

Last Answer : D. Fermentation (Answer)

Fermentation is a process of decomposition of an organic compound by : (1) catalysts (2) enzymes (3) carbanions (4) free radicals

Description : Fermentation is a process of decomposition of an organic compound by : (1) catalysts (2) enzymes (3) carbanions (4) free radicals

Last Answer : enzymes

In septic tanks, decomposition of organic bacteria, is done by A. Anaerobic bacteria B. Aerobic bacteria C. Both types of bacterias D. None of these

Description : In septic tanks, decomposition of organic bacteria, is done by A. Anaerobic bacteria B. Aerobic bacteria C. Both types of bacterias D. None of these

Last Answer : ANS: A

The sewage treatment in septic tanks is due to A. Anaerobic decomposition B. Aerobic decomposition C. Parasitic decomposition D. None of these

Description : The sewage treatment in septic tanks is due to A. Anaerobic decomposition B. Aerobic decomposition C. Parasitic decomposition D. None of these

Last Answer : ANS: A

Assertion A. : Discharging the effluents from the oxidation ponds just up stream of lakes or reservoirs is undesirable. Reason (R) : The discharged algae get settled in the reservoirs and cause anaerobic decomposition and other water qualities. A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A C. A is true but R is false D. A is false but R is true

Description : Assertion A. : Discharging the effluents from the oxidation ponds just up stream of lakes or reservoirs is undesirable. Reason (R) : The discharged algae get settled in the reservoirs and cause anaerobic decomposition and other ... of A C. A is true but R is false D. A is false but R is true

Last Answer : ANS: A

The sewage treatment units in which anaerobic decomposition of organic matter is used, are called A. Imhoff tanks B. Trickling filters C. Sludge sedimentation tanks D. None of these

Description : The sewage treatment units in which anaerobic decomposition of organic matter is used, are called A. Imhoff tanks B. Trickling filters C. Sludge sedimentation tanks D. None of these

Last Answer : ANS: B

The slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs in nature is due to their (a) anaerobic environment around them (b) low cellulose content (c) low moisture content (d) poor nitrogen content.

Description : The slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs in nature is due to their (a) anaerobic environment around them (b) low cellulose content (c) low moisture content (d) poor nitrogen content.

Last Answer : (d) poor nitrogen content.

Main component of sewage gas produced during anaerobic decomposition of organic waste (by suitable bacteria) during sewage disposal is (A) H2 (B) CH4 (C) CO2 (D) N2

Description : Main component of sewage gas produced during anaerobic decomposition of organic waste (by suitable bacteria) during sewage disposal is (A) H2 (B) CH4 (C) CO2 (D) N2

Last Answer : (B) CH4

Septic tanks are used for the __________ of the deposited solids. (A) Separation (B) Anaerobic decomposition (C) Aerobic decomposition (D) None of these

Description : Septic tanks are used for the __________ of the deposited solids. (A) Separation (B) Anaerobic decomposition (C) Aerobic decomposition (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Anaerobic decomposition

The antibacterial action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is characterized by: A. Concentration dependent rate of bacterial cell killing B. Concentration dependent prolonged postantibiotic effect C. More pronounced bactericidal effect in anaerobic medium D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

Description : The antibacterial action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is characterized by: A. Concentration dependent rate of bacterial cell killing B. Concentration dependent prolonged postantibiotic effect C. More pronounced bactericidal effect in anaerobic medium D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

Choose the correct statement about tetracyclines: A. Being broad spectrum antibioics they are dependable for empirical treatment of lifethreatening infections B. Currently, they are not the first choice antibiotic for any specific infection C. They reduce stool volume and duration of diarrhoea in cholera D. The are preferred for treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections

Description : Choose the correct statement about tetracyclines: A. Being broad spectrum antibioics they are dependable for empirical treatment of lifethreatening infections B. Currently, they are not the first ... of diarrhoea in cholera D. The are preferred for treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections

Last Answer : C. They reduce stool volume and duration of diarrhoea in cholera

The type of bacteria which is active in trickling filter during biological treatment of sewage is the __________ bacteria. (A) Anaerobic (B) Saprophytic (C) Aerobic (D) Parasitic

Description : The type of bacteria which is active in trickling filter during biological treatment of sewage is the __________ bacteria. (A) Anaerobic (B) Saprophytic (C) Aerobic (D) Parasitic

Last Answer : (C) Aerobic

The amount of oxygen consumed by the aerobic bacterias which cause the aerobic biological decomposition of sewage, is known A. Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) B. Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) C. Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D.) D. None of these

Description : The amount of oxygen consumed by the aerobic bacterias which cause the aerobic biological decomposition of sewage, is known A. Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) B. Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) C. Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D.) D. None of these

Last Answer : ANS: B

Pick out the wrong statement.(A) Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a characteristic and not a constituent of water (B) BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen which will be demanded & used in 5 days by the biological decomposition of the organic matter present in water stream present as food for the living organism (C) BOD is expressed in mg/litre (typically, BOD=2.5 mg/litre for potable water) (D) None of these

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a characteristic and not a constituent of water (B) BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen which will be demanded & used in 5 days ... BOD is expressed in mg/litre (typically, BOD=2.5 mg/litre for potable water) (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

“Pop off” of a porcelain veneer from the under the lying gold crown is due to:** A. Too thick application of pure gold surface conditioner B. Contamination at the porcelain metal interface C. Under firing the opaque layer D. All of the above

Description : “Pop off” of a porcelain veneer from the under the lying gold crown is due to:** A. Too thick application of pure gold surface conditioner B. Contamination at the porcelain metal interface C. Under firing the opaque layer D. All of the above

Last Answer : B. Contamination at the porcelain metal interface

Bacterial aerobic oxidation of polluted water in biological oxidation ponds is done to purify it. Presence of bacteria helps in (A) Coagulation and flocculation of colloids (B) Oxidation of carbonaceous matter to CO2 (C) Nitrification or oxidation of ammonia derived from breakdown of nitrogenous organic matter to the nitrite and eventually to the nitrate (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Description : Bacterial aerobic oxidation of polluted water in biological oxidation ponds is done to purify it. Presence of bacteria helps in (A) Coagulation and flocculation of colloids (B) Oxidation of carbonaceous matter to CO2 (C) ... to the nitrite and eventually to the nitrate (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

The ratio of oxygen available to the oxygen required for stabilisation of sewage is called the (A) Bacterial stability factor (B) Relative stability (C) Biological oxygen demand (BOD) (D) Oxygen ion concentration

Description : The ratio of oxygen available to the oxygen required for stabilisation of sewage is called the (A) Bacterial stability factor (B) Relative stability (C) Biological oxygen demand (BOD) (D) Oxygen ion concentration

Last Answer : (B) Relative stability

In case of the decomposition of hydroiodic acid (2HI ⇌ H2 + I2), addition of H2(at equilibrium condition) will (A) Increase the partial pressure of I2 (B) Decrease the partial pressure of HI (C) Diminish the degree of dissociation of HI (D) None of these

Description : In case of the decomposition of hydroiodic acid (2HI ⇌ H2 + I2), addition of H2(at equilibrium condition) will (A) Increase the partial pressure of I2 (B) Decrease the partial pressure of HI (C) Diminish the degree of dissociation of HI (D) None of these

Last Answer : (C) Diminish the degree of dissociation of HI

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning gram-negative bacterial sepsis. a. Mortality due to this condition has almost been eliminated due to therapeutic intervention with antibiotics, aggressive hemodynamic monitoring and fluid resuscitation b. Recent series have noted a decrease in the incidence of this condition c. Predisposing factors include old age, malnutrition, and immunosuppression d. Pseudomonas bacteremia is the most common cause of gram-negative sepsis e. Polymicrobial sepsis is generally considered a more serious problem than sepsis due to a single organism

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning gram-negative bacterial sepsis. a. Mortality due to this condition has almost been eliminated due to therapeutic intervention with antibiotics, aggressive ... sepsis is generally considered a more serious problem than sepsis due to a single organism

Last Answer : Answer: c, e Gram-negative bacterial sepsis is a serious disease process that produces substantial morbidity and mortality in both normal and immunocompromised patients (10% to 20% and ... and most investigators agree that polymicrobial sepsis is more lethal than infection with a single organism

Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Description : Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Last Answer : d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Description : Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Last Answer : d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

In which condition do you have to prescribe antibiotics prior to dental treatment: A. Rheumatic fever B. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis C. By pass D. Valve replacement E. Uncontrolled diabetes F. All of the above

Description : In which condition do you have to prescribe antibiotics prior to dental treatment: A. Rheumatic fever B. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis C. By pass D. Valve replacement E. Uncontrolled diabetes F. All of the above

Last Answer : F. All of the above