Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is (a) an enzyme (b) a protein (c) a hormone (d) a molecule with high energy bonds

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is (a) an enzyme (b) a protein (c) a hormone (d) a molecule with high energy bonds
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The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because (a) a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane(b) there is a change in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane toward adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (c) high energy bonds are formed in mitochondrial proteins (d) ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Description : The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because (a) a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane (b) there is a ... mitochondrial proteins (d) ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Last Answer : (a) a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane

Which of the following statements are true of oxidants? A. In addition to their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation, injury, and infection, oxidants also have physiologic roles. B. Oxidants may be generated from activated neutrophils and during reperfusion following a period of ischemia. C. The deleterious effects of oxidants include lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, oxidative damage to DNA, and inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. D. The mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury involved the catalytic production of superoxide anion (O 2•) by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of oxidants? A. In addition to their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation, injury, and infection, oxidants also have physiologic roles. B. Oxidants may ... involved the catalytic production of superoxide anion (O 2 ) by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Last Answer : Answer: ABCD DISCUSSION: Oxidants are reactive oxygen metabolites that have both physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. As potent oxidizing agents, oxidants are involved in cytochrome P ... leukocyte infiltration and activation, causing further tissue damage by the release of cytotoxic proteases

The use and transfer of energy in all cells involves the same compound, ATP. The letters ATP stand for the chemical: a) atrophine trichloride b) aluminum trioxide c) adenosine triphosphate d) none of the above

Description : The use and transfer of energy in all cells involves the same compound, ATP. The letters ATP stand for the chemical: a) atrophine trichloride b) aluminum trioxide c) adenosine triphosphate d) none of the above

Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

Mitochondria can be considered the ____________of the cell because they generate an enormous amount of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to fuel the cell.

Description : Mitochondria can be considered the ____________of the cell because they generate an enormous amount of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to fuel the cell.

Last Answer : “Power plant” or “Power house”

5’-Terminus of mRNA molecule is capped with (A) Guanosine triphosphate (B) 7-Methylguanosine triphophate (C) Adenosine triphosphate (D) Adenosine diphosphate

Description : 5’-Terminus of mRNA molecule is capped with (A) Guanosine triphosphate (B) 7-Methylguanosine triphophate (C) Adenosine triphosphate (D) Adenosine diphosphate

Last Answer : Answer : B

1 molecule of palmitic acid on total oxidation to CO2 will yield molecules of ATP (as high energy bonds): (A) 129 (B) 154 (C) 83 (D) 25

Description : 1 molecule of palmitic acid on total oxidation to CO2 will yield molecules of ATP (as high energy bonds): (A) 129 (B) 154 (C) 83 (D) 25

Last Answer : Answer : A

All the following statements about ACTH are true except (A) It is a tropic hormone (B) Its target cells are located in adrenal cortex (C) Its receptors are located in the cell membrane (D) Its second messenger is inositol triphosphate

Description : All the following statements about ACTH are true except (A) It is a tropic hormone (B) Its target cells are located in adrenal cortex (C) Its receptors are located in the cell membrane (D) Its second messenger is inositol triphosphate

Last Answer : Answer : D

Write a note on ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate). -Biology

Description : Write a note on ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate). -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase which is activated by the hormone: (A) Insulin (B) Epinephrine (C) Testosterone (D) Progesterone

Description : Cyclic AMP is formed from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase which is activated by the hormone: (A) Insulin (B) Epinephrine (C) Testosterone (D) Progesterone

Last Answer : B

Activated phospholipase C acts on (A) Phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate (B) Inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate (C) Protein kinase C (D) Pl-3 kinase

Description : Activated phospholipase C acts on (A) Phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate (B) Inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate (C) Protein kinase C (D) Pl-3 kinase

Last Answer : Answer : A

Protein kinase C is activated by (A) Cyclic AMP (B) Cyclic GMP (C) Diacyl glycerol (D) Inositol triphosphate

Description : Protein kinase C is activated by (A) Cyclic AMP (B) Cyclic GMP (C) Diacyl glycerol (D) Inositol triphosphate

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which one of the following biomolecules is correctly characterized? (a) Lecithin-a phosphorylated glyceride  found in cell membrane. (b) Palmitic acid - an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms. (c) Adenylic acid - adenosine with a glucose phosphate molecule. (d) Alanine amino acid - contains an amino group and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule.

Description : Which one of the following biomolecules is correctly characterized? (a) Lecithin-a phosphorylated glyceride  found in cell membrane. (b) Palmitic acid - an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms. ... Alanine amino acid - contains an amino group and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule.

Last Answer : (a) Lecithin-a phosphorylated glyceride  found in cell membrane

The enzyme common to catabolism of all the purines is (A) Adenosine deaminase (B) Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (C) Guanase (D) None of these

Description : The enzyme common to catabolism of all the purines is (A) Adenosine deaminase (B) Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (C) Guanase (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : B

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the sex linked recessive disorder is due to the lack of the enzyme: (A) Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferse (B) Xanthine oxidase (C) Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (D) Adenosine deaminase

Description : Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the sex linked recessive disorder is due to the lack of the enzyme: (A) Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferse (B) Xanthine oxidase (C) Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (D) Adenosine deaminase

Last Answer : Answer : A

The genetic defect–adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by (a) administering adenosine deaminase activators (b) introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages (c) enzyme replacement therapy (d) periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes having functional ADA cDNA

Description : The genetic defect-adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by (a) administering adenosine deaminase activators (b) introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into ... replacement therapy (d) periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes having functional ADA cDNA

Last Answer : (b) introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages

How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of one mole of glucose to CO2 and H2O yields 686 kcal and the useful chemical energy available in the high energy phosphate bond of one mole of ATP is 12 kcal? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 30 (d) 57

Description : How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of one mole of glucose to CO2 and H2O yields 686 kcal and the useful chemical energy available in the high energy phosphate bond of one mole of ATP is 12 kcal? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 30 (d) 57

Last Answer : d) 57

Which does NOT occur in a cell stimulated by a steroid hormone? A) The steroid hormone enters the cell by crossing the plasma membrane. B) The hormone binds to a receptor molecule in the cytoplasm. C) The second messenger cyclic AMP is stimulated by the hormone-receptor complex. D) The hormone-receptor complex binds the chromatin and activates certain genes. E) DNA is transcribed, mRNA is translated, and the result is protein synthesis.

Description : Which does NOT occur in a cell stimulated by a steroid hormone? A) The steroid hormone enters the cell by crossing the plasma membrane. B) The hormone binds to a receptor molecule in the ... activates certain genes. E) DNA is transcribed, mRNA is translated, and the result is protein synthesis.

Last Answer : C) The second messenger cyclic AMP is stimulated by the hormone-receptor complex. D) The hormone-receptor complex binds the chromatin and activates certain genes.

Protein portion of an enzyme when it is combined with organic molecule is termed as A- apoenzyme B- co-enzyme C- holoenzyme D- co-factors

Description : Protein portion of an enzyme when it is combined with organic molecule is termed as A- apoenzyme B- co-enzyme C- holoenzyme D- co-factors

Last Answer : apoenzyme

The mushroom poison amanitin is an inhibitor of (A) Protein synthesis (B) mRNA synthesis (C) DNA synthesis (D) Adenosine synthesis

Description : The mushroom poison amanitin is an inhibitor of (A) Protein synthesis (B) mRNA synthesis (C) DNA synthesis (D) Adenosine synthesis

Last Answer : Answer : B

What has the most energy in its chemical bonds? a) AMP b) ADP c) ATP d) All are equal

Description : What has the most energy in its chemical bonds? a) AMP b) ADP c) ATP d) All are equal 

Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- ATP

Covalent modification of an enzyme generally requires a (A) Hormone (B) cAMP (C) Protein kinase (D) All of these

Description : Covalent modification of an enzyme generally requires a (A) Hormone (B) cAMP (C) Protein kinase (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

Ribozyme is: (a) enzyme (b) RNA with enzymatic activity (c) Hormone (d) Protein

Description : Ribozyme is: (a) enzyme (b) RNA with enzymatic activity (c) Hormone (d) Protein

Last Answer : Ans. ((b))

In which of the following class can we put Adrenaline? (1) Hormone (2) Enzyme (3) Protein (4) Fat

Description : In which of the following class can we put Adrenaline? (1) Hormone (2) Enzyme (3) Protein (4) Fat

Last Answer : (1) Hormone Explanation: Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone. It is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons.

Insulin is a kind of ______. (1) hormone (2) protein (3) enzyme (4) vitamin

Description : Insulin is a kind of ______. (1) hormone (2) protein (3) enzyme (4) vitamin

Last Answer : (1) hormone Explanation: Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows our body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that we eat for energy or to store glucose ... use Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too hig (hyperglycemia) or too low hypoglycemia.

Which statement about hormone types is correct? A) Non-steroid hormones activate an enzyme cascade. B) Steroid hormones regulate the production of a particular protein. C) Non-steroid hormones are either amino acids, peptides, or proteins. D) Steroid hormones all have four carbon rings with different side chains. E) All of the choices are correct.

Description : Which statement about hormone types is correct? A) Non-steroid hormones activate an enzyme cascade. B) Steroid hormones regulate the production of a particular protein. C) Non-steroid hormones are ... all have four carbon rings with different side chains. E) All of the choices are correct.

Last Answer : E) All of the choices are correct.

When cells breakdown a sugar molecule completely to produce chemical energy (ATP), the cells need?

Description : When cells breakdown a sugar molecule completely to produce chemical energy (ATP), the cells need?

Last Answer : To break down sugar and produce useful energy, the cells needmany things, but most importantly they need ENZYMES.

How is stored energy released from the ATP molecule?

Description : How is stored energy released from the ATP molecule?

Last Answer : ATP has three phosphate groups attached to the nucleic acidadenosine. The last or third bond has the most energy in it andwhen it is broken. that energy is used to drive cell activities. Itmay be helpful to think ... it is charged, it can off a spark of energy that can beused to do work in the body.

Is ATP is considered to be an energy carrier molecule Where is the energy actually located in this molecule?

Description : Is ATP is considered to be an energy carrier molecule Where is the energy actually located in this molecule?

Last Answer : Need answer

In anaerobic glycolysis, energy yield from each molecule of glucose is (A) 2 ATP equivalents (B) 8 ATP equivalents (C) 30 ATP equivalents(D) 38 ATP equivalents

Description : In anaerobic glycolysis, energy yield from each molecule of glucose is (A) 2 ATP equivalents (B) 8 ATP equivalents (C) 30 ATP equivalents(D) 38 ATP equivalents

Last Answer : Answer : A

When one molecule of ATP is disintegrated, what amount of energy is liberated? (a) 8 kcal (b) 38 kcal (c) 7 kcal (d) 4.5 kcal

Description : When one molecule of ATP is disintegrated, what amount of energy is liberated? (a) 8 kcal (b) 38 kcal (c) 7 kcal (d) 4.5 kcal

Last Answer : (c) 7 kcal

For assimilation of one CO2 molecule, the energy required in form of ATP and NADPH2 are (a) 2 ATP and 2 NADPH2 (b) 5 ATP and 3 NADPH2 (c) 3 ATP and 2NADPH2 (d) 18 ATP and 12 NADPH2.

Description : For assimilation of one CO2 molecule, the energy required in form of ATP and NADPH2 are (a) 2 ATP and 2 NADPH2 (b) 5 ATP and 3 NADPH2 (c) 3 ATP and 2NADPH2 (d) 18 ATP and 12 NADPH2.

Last Answer : (c) 3 ATP and 2NADPH2

What happens when a chemical bond is formed? (1) energy is always absorbed (2) energy in always released (3) more energy is released than is absorbed (4) energy is neither released nor absorbed Correct (4) Answer – (1) energy is always absorbed Explanation: If a bond is broken, energy is released; and if a bond is formed, energy must have been absorbed. As these occur, a change in the chemical energy of the system also occurs. Within each bond of a molecule is an experimentally determined amount of enemy that upon the breaking of that bond is released into the chemical system. The energy within these bonds are 'stored' and can be easily thought of as potential energy. Upon the breaking of these bonds the energy is released thereby creating usable energy.

Description : What happens when a chemical bond is formed? (1) energy is always absorbed (2) energy in always released (3) more energy is released than is absorbed (4) energy is neither released nor ... as potential energy. Upon the breaking of these bonds the energy is released thereby creating usable energy.

Last Answer : Silver nitrate solution is kept in brown bottles in laboratory because - (1) it reacts with ordinary white bottles (2) brown bottles stops the passage of light through it (3) brown bottles do not react with it (4) brown bottles react with it

Is the bond energy of all the four C-H bonds in CH4 molecule equal? If not then why ? How is C-H bond energy then reported?

Description : Is the bond energy of all the four C-H bonds in CH4 molecule equal? If not then why ? How is C-H bond energy then reported?

Last Answer : Ans. No because after breaking of C-H bonds one by one, the electronic environments change. The reported value is the average of of the bond dissociation energies of the four C-H bonds.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the general reactivity of alkynes? (a) An alkyne is an electron-rich molecule and therefore reacts as a nucleophile. (b) The σ bonds of alkynes are higher in energy than the bonds and are thus more reactive. (c) Unlike alkenes, alkynes fail to undergo electrophilic addition reactions. (d) Alkynes are generally more reactive than alkenes.

Description : Which of the following statements correctly describes the general reactivity of alkynes? (a) An alkyne is an electron-rich molecule and therefore reacts as a nucleophile. (b) The σ bonds ... fail to undergo electrophilic addition reactions. (d) Alkynes are generally more reactive than alkenes.

Last Answer : Alkynes are generally more reactive than alkenes.

What is the internal energy associated with the atomic bonds in a molecule called?  A. Chemical energy  B. Latent energy  C. Phase energy  D. State energy

Description : What is the internal energy associated with the atomic bonds in a molecule called?  A. Chemical energy  B. Latent energy  C. Phase energy  D. State energy

Last Answer : Chemical energy

The formation of a peptide bond during the elongation step of protein synthesis results in the splitting of how many high energy bonds? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Description : The formation of a peptide bond during the elongation step of protein synthesis results in the splitting of how many high energy bonds? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Last Answer : Answer : B

What is released when chemical bonds are broken but cannot be used to make ATP?

Description : What is released when chemical bonds are broken but cannot be used to make ATP?

Last Answer : Heat

How many phosphoanhydride bonds does ATP have?

Description : How many phosphoanhydride bonds does ATP have?

Last Answer : 3

Helicase and DNAB protein cause (A) Rewinding of DNA and require ATP as a source of energy (B) Rewinding of DNA but do not require any source of energy (C) Unwinding of DNA and require ATP as a source of energy (D) Unwinding of DNA but do not require any source of energy

Description : Helicase and DNAB protein cause (A) Rewinding of DNA and require ATP as a source of energy (B) Rewinding of DNA but do not require any source of energy (C) Unwinding of DNA and require ATP as a source of energy (D) Unwinding of DNA but do not require any source of energy

Last Answer : Answer : C

The 2 energy rich compounds needed for protein biosynthesis are (A) ATP and GTP (B) ATP and UTP (C) ATP and CTP (D) ATP and TTP

Description : The 2 energy rich compounds needed for protein biosynthesis are (A) ATP and GTP (B) ATP and UTP (C) ATP and CTP (D) ATP and TTP

Last Answer : Answer : A

Poisons like cyanide inhibit Na+ efflux and K+ influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by an injection of ATP. This demonstrates that (a) ATP is the carrier protein in the transport system (b) energy for Na+-K+ exchange pump comes from ATP (c) ATP is hydrolysed by ATPase to release energy (d) Na+-K+ exchange pump operates in the cell.

Description : Poisons like cyanide inhibit Na+ efflux and K+ influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by an injection of ATP. This demonstrates that (a) ATP is the carrier protein in the ... is hydrolysed by ATPase to release energy (d) Na+-K+ exchange pump operates in the cell.

Last Answer : (b) energy for Na+-K+ exchange pump comes from ATP

A key energy compound in bacterial photosynthesis by cyanobacteria is ______ and a major end-product is ______. a. GTP; protein b. citrate; lactose c. glucose; chlorophyll d. ATP; glucose

Description : A key energy compound in bacterial photosynthesis by cyanobacteria is ______ and a major end-product is ______. a. GTP; protein b. citrate; lactose c. glucose; chlorophyll d. ATP; glucose

Last Answer : c. glucose; chlorophyll

In contrast to Eukaryotic mRNA, prokaryotic mRNA is characterized by (A) Having 7-methyl guanosine triphosphate at the 5’ end (B) Being polycystronic (C) Being only monocystronic (D) Being synthesized with introns

Description : In contrast to Eukaryotic mRNA, prokaryotic mRNA is characterized by (A) Having 7-methyl guanosine triphosphate at the 5’ end (B) Being polycystronic (C) Being only monocystronic (D) Being synthesized with introns

Last Answer : Answer : A

All of the following statements about post-transcriptional processing of tRNA are true except (A) Introns of some tRNA precursors are removed (B) CCA is added at 3′ end (C) 7-Methylguanosine triphosphate cap is added at 5′ end (D) Some bases are methylated

Description : All of the following statements about post-transcriptional processing of tRNA are true except (A) Introns of some tRNA precursors are removed (B) CCA is added at 3′ end (C) 7-Methylguanosine triphosphate cap is added at 5′ end (D) Some bases are methylated

Last Answer : Answer : C

Post-transcriptional modification of hnRNA involves all of the following except (A) Addition of 7-methylguanosine triphosphate cap (B) Addition of polyadenylate tail (C) Insertion of nucleotides (D) Deletion of introns

Description : Post-transcriptional modification of hnRNA involves all of the following except (A) Addition of 7-methylguanosine triphosphate cap (B) Addition of polyadenylate tail (C) Insertion of nucleotides (D) Deletion of introns

Last Answer : Answer : C

All of the following occur in orotic aciduria except (A) Increased synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides (B) Increased excretion of orotic acid in urine (C) Decreased synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (D) Retardation of growth

Description : All of the following occur in orotic aciduria except (A) Increased synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides (B) Increased excretion of orotic acid in urine (C) Decreased synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (D) Retardation of growth

Last Answer : Answer : A

Hormonal stimulation of the formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) quickly leads to the release of which other intracellular messenger? (A) cAMP (B) Prostaglandin (C) Calcinon (D) Leukotriene

Description : Hormonal stimulation of the formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) quickly leads to the release of which other intracellular messenger? (A) cAMP (B) Prostaglandin (C) Calcinon (D) Leukotriene

Last Answer : Answer : C

One of the following is not used as a second messenger by hormones: (A) mRNA (B) cAMP (C) Calcium ions (D) Myoinisotol 1, 4, 5 triphosphate

Description : One of the following is not used as a second messenger by hormones: (A) mRNA (B) cAMP (C) Calcium ions (D) Myoinisotol 1, 4, 5 triphosphate

Last Answer : Answer : A

The second messenger for glucocorticoids is (A) Cyclic AMP (B) Cyclic GMP (C) Inositol triphosphate (D) No second messenger is required

Description : The second messenger for glucocorticoids is (A) Cyclic AMP (B) Cyclic GMP (C) Inositol triphosphate (D) No second messenger is required

Last Answer : Answer : D

Second messenger for glucagons is (A) Cyclic AMP (B) Diacylglycerol (C) Cyclic GMP (D) Inositol triphosphate

Description : Second messenger for glucagons is (A) Cyclic AMP (B) Diacylglycerol (C) Cyclic GMP (D) Inositol triphosphate

Last Answer : Answer : A