What is extracellular digestion ?

What is extracellular digestion ?
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Extracellular digestion is that in which food breaking into utile molecules that can be internalized by the cell is done in the extracellular space, i.e., outside the cell. In extracellular digestion the cells secret substances that break big molecules into smaller ones in the external environment. Later the cell can benefit from these products of the digestion.    
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Tissues are constructed from many distinct cell types that perform different functions in response to signals from each other and the extracellular matrix. During tissue development and tissue regeneration, stem cells serve as a reservoir of undifferentiated cells that have the capacity to mature into different cell types. What is the name of the process that stem cells undergo when they are required to generate a particular type of cell?

Description : Tissues are constructed from many distinct cell types that perform different functions in response to signals from each other and the extracellular matrix. During tissue development and tissue regeneration, ... that stem cells undergo when they are required to generate a particular type of cell?

Last Answer : Asymmetric cell division. After asymmetric division, each of the two resulting daughter cells has a unique life course. For example, one daughter cell may differentiate into a specific cell type ( ... cell), whereas the other daughter cell may remain a stem cell with unlimited proliferative ability.

What is autophagic intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is autophagic intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : Why is this type of intracellular digestion intensified in an organism undergoing starvation? Autophagic intracellular digestion is the cellular internal digestion of waste and residual materials. In general ... obtain from its own constituent materials the nutrients necessary to stay alive.

What is heterophagic intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is heterophagic intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : How is this process accomplished? Heterophagic intracellular digestion is the breaking into smaller substances of external substances engulfed in the cell by pinocytosis or phagocytosis. Phagosomes or pinosomes fuse ... with the plasma membrane and liberates its waste in the exterior space.

What is the main cell organelle involved in cell digestion ?

Description : What is the main cell organelle involved in cell digestion ?

Last Answer : What are the properties of that organelle that enable it to the task? The organelles responsible for intracellular digestion are the lysosomes. Lysosomes are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes ... digested and then digestion takes place. Cell Digestion Review - Image Diversity: lysosomes

What is intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : Intracellular digestion, or cellular digestion, is the breaking in the interior of the cell of big molecules coming from outside or even from the own cell metabolism into smaller ... is classified into two types: heterophagic intracellular digestion and autophagic intracellular digestion.

On which organelle of the cell structure does intracellular digestion depends ?

Description : On which organelle of the cell structure does intracellular digestion depends ?

Last Answer : What is the chemical content of those organelles? Intracellular digestion occurs by the action of lysosomes. Lysosomes have digestive enzymes (hydrolases) that are made in the rough endoplasmic ... apparatus. Lysosomes are hydrolase-containing vesicles that detach from the Golgi apparatus.

Name the organelle that contains high levels of hydrolases and is responsible for digestion of proteins, sugars, nucleic acids and lipids.

Description : Name the organelle that contains high levels of hydrolases and is responsible for digestion of proteins, sugars, nucleic acids and lipids.

Last Answer : Lysosomes

The process of self-digestion of selective non-functional organelles by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the cell is referred to as (A) Pinocytosis (B) Endocytosis (C) Autophagy (D) Cytotoxicity

Description : The process of self-digestion of selective non-functional organelles by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the cell is referred to as (A) Pinocytosis (B) Endocytosis (C) Autophagy (D) Cytotoxicity

Last Answer : (C) Autophagy

Which of the following structure-function pairs is mismatched? (A) Lysosome-intracellular digestion (B) Golgi body-secretion of cell products (C) Ribosome-protein synthesis (D) Glyoxysome-detoxification

Description : Which of the following structure-function pairs is mismatched? (A) Lysosome-intracellular digestion (B) Golgi body-secretion of cell products (C) Ribosome-protein synthesis (D) Glyoxysome-detoxification

Last Answer : (D) Glyoxysome-detoxification

Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion? -Biology

Description : Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Endocytosis is a process whereby a cell (a) Digests itself (b) Engulfs and internalises material using its membrane (c) Identifies other cells within its immediate (d) Enables the extracellular digestion of large molecules

Description : Endocytosis is a process whereby a cell (a) Digests itself (b) Engulfs and internalises material using its membrane (c) Identifies other cells within its immediate (d) Enables the extracellular digestion of large molecules

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Besides the liver which is the other adnexal gland of the digestive system that releases substances in the duodenum participating in extracellular digestion?

Description : Besides the liver which is the other adnexal gland of the digestive system that releases substances in the duodenum participating in extracellular digestion?

Last Answer : The other adnexal gland of the digestive system is the pancreas. This organ makes digestive enzymes that digest proteins (proteases), lipids (lipases) and carbohydrates (pancreatic amylases). ... and deoxyribonuclease are also secreted by the pancreas. Digestion System - Image Diversity: pancreas

The saliva pH is approximately 6.8. It is thus a slightly acid pH. Saliva lubricates the food bolus and initiates the enzymatic extracellular digestion of food. It also works as a buffer for the mouth pH and it has an important role of having IgA antibodies (also present in tears, colostrum, mother’s milk and in the mucosae of the intestine and airways) that protect the organism against pathogens.

Description : The saliva pH is approximately 6.8. It is thus a slightly acid pH. Saliva lubricates the food bolus and initiates the enzymatic extracellular digestion of food. It also works as a buffer for the ... 's milk and in the mucosae of the intestine and airways) that protect the organism against pathogens.

Last Answer : What is the salivary digestive enzyme? Which type of food does it digest and into which smaller molecules does it transform the food?

The reactions of the extracellular digestion are hydrolysis reactions, i.e., breaking of molecules with the help of water. The enzymes that participate in digestion are hydrolytic enzymes.

Description : The reactions of the extracellular digestion are hydrolysis reactions, i.e., breaking of molecules with the help of water. The enzymes that participate in digestion are hydrolytic enzymes.

Last Answer : Which organs of the body are part of the human digestive system?

What is the difference between a complete digestive system and an incomplete digestive system? How are these types of digestive tubes associated or not to extracellular digestion?

Description : What is the difference between a complete digestive system and an incomplete digestive system? How are these types of digestive tubes associated or not to extracellular digestion?

Last Answer : Animals with an incomplete digestive system are those in which the digestive tube has only one opening (cnidarians, platyhelminthes). Animals with a complete digestive system are those ... . In animals with complete digestive systems extracellular digestion within the digestive tube predominates.

How is extracellular digestion related to cellular and tissue specialization?

Description : How is extracellular digestion related to cellular and tissue specialization?

Last Answer : A variety of specialized cells and tissues appeared with extracellular digestion to provide enzymes and special structures for the breaking down of dietary macromolecules. This phenomenon ... for other tasks and differentiations while benefiting from nutrients distributed through the circulation.

How different are intracellular and extracellular digestion? What is the evolutionary advantage of extracellular digestion?

Description : How different are intracellular and extracellular digestion? What is the evolutionary advantage of extracellular digestion?

Last Answer : Intracellular digestion is that in which the breaking down of macromolecules takes place within the cell. Extracellular digestion is that in which macromolecules are broken down in places outside ... the size of their molecules, could not be interiorized by diffusion, phagocytosis or pinocytosis.

Mode of digestion in 'Hydra' is (a) Intracellular (b) Extracellular (c) Both these (d) None

Description : Mode of digestion in 'Hydra' is (a) Intracellular (b) Extracellular (c) Both these (d) None

Last Answer : (c) Both these

Can two normal individuals of the same species with sexual reproduction have identical genomes and identical karyotypes ? How the human karyotype is usually represented?

Description : Can two normal individuals of the same species with sexual reproduction have identical genomes and identical karyotypes ? How the human karyotype is usually represented?

Last Answer : Except for clones (individuals created from nucleus transplantation, like the Dolly sheep) and monozygotic twins, it is very improbable the genomes of two individuals of the same species and generated by sexual ... normal karyotype is represented by the formula 44+XX for women and 44+XY for men.

What is the difference between the concepts of karyotype and genome ?

Description : What is the difference between the concepts of karyotype and genome ?

Last Answer : Genome is the set of DNA molecules that characterizes each living being or each species. The concept then includes the specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecules of each individual or species. ... of each chromosome or pair of homologous. Cell Nucleus Review - Image Diversity: karyotype

What are homologous chromosomes ?

Description : What are homologous chromosomes ?

Last Answer : Which are the human cells that do not have homologous chromosomes? Chromosomes contain genes (genetic information in the form of nucleotide sequences) that command the protein synthesis thus ... chromosomes are the gametes since during meiosis the homologous chromosomes are separated.

What are the primary and the secondary constrictions of a chromosome ?

Description : What are the primary and the secondary constrictions of a chromosome ?

Last Answer : What is the other name given to the secondary constriction? Primary constriction is the narrower region of a condensed chromosome where the centromere, the structure that unites identical chromatids, is located. ... can be one or more in chromosome) is called nucleolus organizer region (NOR).

How the chromosome region where the centromere is located is called ?

Description : How the chromosome region where the centromere is located is called ?

Last Answer : How are chromosomes classified in relation to the position of their centromere? The chromosome region where the centromere is located is called primary constriction. In microscopic view ... constriction the chromosomes are classified as telocentric, acrocentric, submetacentric or metacentric.

What is the structure that maintains identical chromatids bound ?

Description : What is the structure that maintains identical chromatids bound ?

Last Answer : The structure that maintains identical chromatids bound is the centromere. Cell Nucleus Review - Image Diversity: centromere

How are the concepts of chromosome ?

Description : How are the concepts of chromosome ?

Last Answer : chromatin and chromatids related? In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplicate? Chromatin is a set of filamentous DNA molecules dispersed in the karyoplasm forming euchromatin and heterochromatin ... chromosomes (and not only one). Cell Nucleus Review - Image Diversity: chromatids

In the phase when the cell is not dividing ?

Description : In the phase when the cell is not dividing ?

Last Answer : interphase) is there activity within the cell nucleus? In the interphase there is intense metabolic activity in the cell nucleus: DNA is duplicating, euchromatin is being transcript and RNA is produced.

What is the relation between the concepts of chromatin and chromosome ?

Description : What is the relation between the concepts of chromatin and chromosome ?

Last Answer : Are euchromatin and heterochromatin part of chromosomes? Every filament of chromatin is a complete DNA molecule (a complete double helix), i.e., a complete chromosome. A DNA molecule may form ... thus both are part of chromosomes. Cell Nucleus Review - Image Diversity: chromosome structure

What are heterochromatin and euchromatin ?

Description : What are heterochromatin and euchromatin ?

Last Answer : Chromatin is uncondensed nuclear DNA, the typical DNA morphology in interphase (the phase of the cell cycle in which the cells is not dividing itself). In this phase of the cell cycle ... inactive portions of the DNA molecule. Cell Nucleus Review - Image Diversity: heterochromatin euchromatin

Do all eukaryotic cells have nucleus and only one nucleus ?

Description : Do all eukaryotic cells have nucleus and only one nucleus ?

Last Answer : There are eukaryotic cells without nucleus and others with more than one nucleus. Osteoclasts, the cells responsible for resorption of the osseous matrix, for example, are multinucleate cells; ... cells. Cell Nucleus Review - Image Diversity: cell nucleus miltinucleate cells enucleated cells

How are cells with delimited nucleus called ?

Description : How are cells with delimited nucleus called ?

Last Answer : What are the main elements of the nucleus? Cells with delimited nucleus are called eukaryotic cells. Organisms composed of one or more eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes. The mains elements of the ... the nucleolus, the karyolymph, or nucleoplasm, and the nuclear membrane (or karyotheca).

What are some biological examples in which lysosomic enzymes play fundamental role ?

Description : What are some biological examples in which lysosomic enzymes play fundamental role ?

Last Answer : The remodelation of the osseous tissue, the function of acrosomes in sperm cells and the elimination of the tadpole tail are examples of biological processes in which lysosomic enzymes are key factors. The ... cell by its own mechanisms is called autolysis, a type of apoptosis (celll suicide).

What are some examples of secretory cells ?

Description : What are some examples of secretory cells ?

Last Answer : Endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells, thyroid and parathyroid endocrine cells, adenohypophysis, adrenal and pineal endocrine cells, the many types of gastric exocrine and endocrine cells, the mucous secretory cells ... of the ovaries and testicles, etc., are all examples of secretory cells.

How do the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus act in the production and releasing of proteins ?

Description : How do the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus act in the production and releasing of proteins ?

Last Answer : The rough endoplasmic reticulum has in its outer membrane numerous ribosomes, structures where translation of messenger RNA and protein synthesis occur. These proteins are stored in the rough endoplasmic reticulum ... exocytosis) in the right place and its content is liberated outside the cell.

Which cell organelles are well-developed in secretory cells ?

Description : Which cell organelles are well-developed in secretory cells ?

Last Answer : In secretory cells, like the secretory cells of endocrine glands, organelles related to production, processing and exportation of substances are widely present and well-developed. These ... protein synthesis between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus

What is meant by cellular secretion ?

Description : What is meant by cellular secretion ?

Last Answer : Cell secretion is the elimination to the exterior of substances produced by the cell (for example, hormones, mucous, sweat, etc.)

What is cyclosis ?

Description : What is cyclosis ?

Last Answer : Cyclosis is a type of internal cell movement in which an oriented flow of circulating material is created and maintained in the cytoplasm by the action of microfilaments. Cyclosis is more easily observed in plant cells. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement - Image Diversity: cyclosis

What are some examples of movement created by the contraction of sarcomeres of the muscle cells ?

Description : What are some examples of movement created by the contraction of sarcomeres of the muscle cells ?

Last Answer : The handling of a cup of coffee, the peristaltic movements of the bowels, the cardiac beats and even a smile are examples of movement created by contraction of the sarcomeres of the muscle cells. This contraction is a type of cell movement.

How do the amoeboid movements occur ?

Description : How do the amoeboid movements occur ?

Last Answer : What are examples of beings and cells that use such movements for locomotion? Amoeboid movements are created by cytoplasmic movements and plasma membrane projections called pseudopods. Their formation ... in the inflammatory process. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement - Image Diversity: pseudopods

What are cilia and flagella ?

Description : What are cilia and flagella ?

Last Answer : How do these structures acquire movement? What are some examples of ciliated and flagellated cells in humans? Cilia and flagella are structures found in some prokaryotes as well in some eukaryotic ... the ovule. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement - Image Diversity: ciliated cell flagellate cell

What are cell movements ?

Description : What are cell movements ?

Last Answer : How are these movements created? Cell movements are movements performed by cell structures, like the movements of cilia and flagella, the pseudopod movements (in amoeba, macrophages, etc. ... action, by differences of viscosity among cytoplasmic regions and by intracellular contraction systems.

which substance are microtubules made ?

Description : which substance are microtubules made ?

Last Answer : In which structures and cellular processes do microtubules participate? Microtubules are made of consecutive dimers of the protein tubulin (each dimer has an alpha and a beta tubulin associated) ... also form the centrioles. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement - Image Diversity: microtubules tubulin

What is cytoskeleton ?

Description : What is cytoskeleton ?

Last Answer : What are its main constituents in animal cells? Cytoskeleton is the cytoplasmic structure that supports the cell, keeps its shape and fixates and moves the cell organelles. It is made of an ... intermediate filaments. Cell Skeleton and Cell Movement - Image Diversity: the "cell skeleton"

Why are salt and sugar used in the production of dried meat and dried fruits ?

Description : Why are salt and sugar used in the production of dried meat and dried fruits ?

Last Answer : Substances that maintain highly hypertonic environment, like sugar and salt, are used in the production of dried meat, fish or fruits (for example, cod) because the material to be conserved is then ... the growth of populations of decomposer beings (since these beings also lose water and die).

What is deplasmolysis of plant cells ?

Description : What is deplasmolysis of plant cells ?

Last Answer : The plant cell when placed under hypertonic medium loses a great amount of water and its cell membrane detaches from the cell wall. In that situation the cell is called plasmolysed cell. When ... medium it absorbs water and becomes a turgid cell. This phenomenon is called deplasmolysis.

Since DPD ?

Description : Since DPD ?

Last Answer : SF – TP and TP is negative (< 0) its formula becomes DPD = SF + |TP|.

What is the formula of the DPD for withered ?

Description : What is the formula of the DPD for withered ?

Last Answer : shrank) plant cells? How is that situation possible? Withered plant cells are those that shrank due to loss of water by evaporation without enough replacement. In this situation the cell membrane retracts ... The cell wall moreover expands in length to stimulate the entrance of water making TP <

The cell that expanded itself to this point is called turgid cell ?

Description : The cell that expanded itself to this point is called turgid cell ?

Last Answer : Cell Membrane Review - Image Diversity: plasmolysed cell flaccid cell turgid cell

What are the values of DPD for plant cells under hypertonic ?

Description : What are the values of DPD for plant cells under hypertonic ?

Last Answer : isotonic and hypotonic media? In plant cells under hypertonic medium there is loss of water for the exterior, SF > 0 (the vacuolar pressure is high because it is concentrated) and TP = 0 (there ... (since the osmotic pressure is totally compensated by the distension of the cell wall) and DPD =

What does the formula DPD ?

Description : What does the formula DPD ?

Last Answer : SF - TP mean? DPD is the abbreviation of diffusion pressure deficit, SF (suction force) is the vacuolar osmotic pressure and TP is the turgor pressure. The difference between SF and TP determines whether water tends ... osmosis. If TP > SF, DPD < 0 and water cannot enter the cell by osmosis.

What is the wall resistance of plant cells ?

Description : What is the wall resistance of plant cells ?

Last Answer : Does this resistance facilitate or make it difficult the entrance of water in the cell? Wall resistance, or turgor pressure (TP), is the pressure made by the distension of the plant cell wall in ... it acts forcing the exiting of water and compensating the entrance of the solvent by osmosis.