Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion? -Biology

Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion? -Biology
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How different are intracellular and extracellular digestion? What is the evolutionary advantage of extracellular digestion?

Description : How different are intracellular and extracellular digestion? What is the evolutionary advantage of extracellular digestion?

Last Answer : Intracellular digestion is that in which the breaking down of macromolecules takes place within the cell. Extracellular digestion is that in which macromolecules are broken down in places outside ... the size of their molecules, could not be interiorized by diffusion, phagocytosis or pinocytosis.

Mode of digestion in 'Hydra' is (a) Intracellular (b) Extracellular (c) Both these (d) None

Description : Mode of digestion in 'Hydra' is (a) Intracellular (b) Extracellular (c) Both these (d) None

Last Answer : (c) Both these

In primary dehydration (A) Intracellular fluid volume is reduced (B) Intracellular fluid volume remains normal (C) Extracellular fluid volume is much reduced (D) Extracellular fluid volume is much increased

Description : In primary dehydration (A) Intracellular fluid volume is reduced (B) Intracellular fluid volume remains normal (C) Extracellular fluid volume is much reduced (D) Extracellular fluid volume is much increased

Last Answer : Answer : A

Concentration of the following is higher in intracellular fluid than in extracellular fluid: (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Description : Concentration of the following is higher in intracellular fluid than in extracellular fluid: (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Last Answer : Answer : B

Zymogen is (A) An intracellular enzyme (B) Serum enzyme (C) A complete extracellular enzyme (D) An inactivated enzyme

Description : Zymogen is (A) An intracellular enzyme (B) Serum enzyme (C) A complete extracellular enzyme (D) An inactivated enzyme

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial response to restore intravascular volume b. With larger volume hemorrhagic shock deterioration of normal cellular transmembrane potential occurs resulting in an increase in extracellular sodium and water c. The accumulation of anaerobic metabolites override normal homeostatic vasomotor tone and contribute to the maladaptive vasodilatation d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial ... d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Last Answer : Answer: c, d Moderate hypovolemia results in a relatively rapid spontaneous restitution of intravascular volume through expansion of the plasma space. This plasma expansion by ... potassium pump. Cellular dysfunction also appears to be related to abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis

A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance of these differences is/are true? a. The cell membrane is able to maintain a 10,000 fold gradient between the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium and the intracellular concentration b. The key to these differences is the fact that the plasma membrane is normally impermeable to sodium, potassium and calcium c. The selectivity of biologic membranes is highly consistent and seldom changes d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane contains specialized transport proteins which maintain the intracellular ionic milieu different from the extracellular fluid c. Plasma membrane proteins extend externally and bear phospholipid moieties which contribute to the cell coat d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the ... contribute to the cell coat d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The plasma membrane defines the boundary of the cell and serves to contain and concentrate enzymes and other macromolecule constituents. The plasma membrane is ... and bear carbohydrate moieties primarily as oligosaccharide chains that contribute to the cell coat or glycocalyx

Compared with intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid has, a. a greater osmolarity b. a higher protein concentration c. a lower chloride ion concentration d. a lower hydrogen ion concentration

Description : Compared with intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid has, a. a greater osmolarity b. a higher protein concentration c. a lower chloride ion concentration d. a lower hydrogen ion concentration

Last Answer : a lower hydrogen ion concentration

During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of (a) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid (b) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (c) K+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (d) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.

Description : During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of (a) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid (b) Na+ ions from extracellular ... extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (d) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.

Last Answer : (b) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

The following receptor type has 7 helical membrane spanning amino acid segments with 3 extracellular and 3 intracellular loops: A. Tyrosine protein kinase receptor B. Gene expression regulating receptor C. Intrinsic ion channel containing receptor D. G protein coupled receptor

Description : Receptors perform the following function/functions: A. Ligand recognition B. Signal transduction C. Both ligand recognition and signal transduction D. Disposal of agonists and antagonists

Last Answer : D. Disposal of agonists and antagonists

The following receptor type has 7 helical membrane spanning amino acid segments with 3 extracellular and 3 intracellular loops: A. Tyrosine protein kinase receptor B. Gene expression regulating receptor C. Intrinsic ion channel containing receptor D. G protein coupled receptor

Description : The following receptor type has 7 helical membrane spanning amino acid segments with 3 extracellular and 3 intracellular loops: A. Tyrosine protein kinase receptor B. Gene expression regulating receptor C. Intrinsic ion channel containing receptor D. G protein coupled receptor

Last Answer : D. G protein coupled receptor

What is extracellular digestion ?

Description : What is extracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : Extracellular digestion is that in which food breaking into utile molecules that can be internalized by the cell is done in the extracellular space, i.e., outside the cell. In extracellular digestion ... the external environment. Later the cell can benefit from these products of the digestion.

Endocytosis is a process whereby a cell (a) Digests itself (b) Engulfs and internalises material using its membrane (c) Identifies other cells within its immediate (d) Enables the extracellular digestion of large molecules

Description : Endocytosis is a process whereby a cell (a) Digests itself (b) Engulfs and internalises material using its membrane (c) Identifies other cells within its immediate (d) Enables the extracellular digestion of large molecules

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Besides the liver which is the other adnexal gland of the digestive system that releases substances in the duodenum participating in extracellular digestion?

Description : Besides the liver which is the other adnexal gland of the digestive system that releases substances in the duodenum participating in extracellular digestion?

Last Answer : The other adnexal gland of the digestive system is the pancreas. This organ makes digestive enzymes that digest proteins (proteases), lipids (lipases) and carbohydrates (pancreatic amylases). ... and deoxyribonuclease are also secreted by the pancreas. Digestion System - Image Diversity: pancreas

The saliva pH is approximately 6.8. It is thus a slightly acid pH. Saliva lubricates the food bolus and initiates the enzymatic extracellular digestion of food. It also works as a buffer for the mouth pH and it has an important role of having IgA antibodies (also present in tears, colostrum, mother’s milk and in the mucosae of the intestine and airways) that protect the organism against pathogens.

Description : The saliva pH is approximately 6.8. It is thus a slightly acid pH. Saliva lubricates the food bolus and initiates the enzymatic extracellular digestion of food. It also works as a buffer for the ... 's milk and in the mucosae of the intestine and airways) that protect the organism against pathogens.

Last Answer : What is the salivary digestive enzyme? Which type of food does it digest and into which smaller molecules does it transform the food?

The reactions of the extracellular digestion are hydrolysis reactions, i.e., breaking of molecules with the help of water. The enzymes that participate in digestion are hydrolytic enzymes.

Description : The reactions of the extracellular digestion are hydrolysis reactions, i.e., breaking of molecules with the help of water. The enzymes that participate in digestion are hydrolytic enzymes.

Last Answer : Which organs of the body are part of the human digestive system?

What is the difference between a complete digestive system and an incomplete digestive system? How are these types of digestive tubes associated or not to extracellular digestion?

Description : What is the difference between a complete digestive system and an incomplete digestive system? How are these types of digestive tubes associated or not to extracellular digestion?

Last Answer : Animals with an incomplete digestive system are those in which the digestive tube has only one opening (cnidarians, platyhelminthes). Animals with a complete digestive system are those ... . In animals with complete digestive systems extracellular digestion within the digestive tube predominates.

How is extracellular digestion related to cellular and tissue specialization?

Description : How is extracellular digestion related to cellular and tissue specialization?

Last Answer : A variety of specialized cells and tissues appeared with extracellular digestion to provide enzymes and special structures for the breaking down of dietary macromolecules. This phenomenon ... for other tasks and differentiations while benefiting from nutrients distributed through the circulation.

What is intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : The process by which food is digested inside a particular cell is called intracellular digestion.

What is autophagic intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is autophagic intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : Why is this type of intracellular digestion intensified in an organism undergoing starvation? Autophagic intracellular digestion is the cellular internal digestion of waste and residual materials. In general ... obtain from its own constituent materials the nutrients necessary to stay alive.

What is heterophagic intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is heterophagic intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : How is this process accomplished? Heterophagic intracellular digestion is the breaking into smaller substances of external substances engulfed in the cell by pinocytosis or phagocytosis. Phagosomes or pinosomes fuse ... with the plasma membrane and liberates its waste in the exterior space.

What is intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : Intracellular digestion, or cellular digestion, is the breaking in the interior of the cell of big molecules coming from outside or even from the own cell metabolism into smaller ... is classified into two types: heterophagic intracellular digestion and autophagic intracellular digestion.

On which organelle of the cell structure does intracellular digestion depends ?

Description : On which organelle of the cell structure does intracellular digestion depends ?

Last Answer : What is the chemical content of those organelles? Intracellular digestion occurs by the action of lysosomes. Lysosomes have digestive enzymes (hydrolases) that are made in the rough endoplasmic ... apparatus. Lysosomes are hydrolase-containing vesicles that detach from the Golgi apparatus.

.Membranous bag with hydrolytic enzymes which is used for controlling intracellular digestion of macromolecules is (a) endoplasmic reticulum (b) nucleosome (c) lysosome (d) phagosome.

Description : .Membranous bag with hydrolytic enzymes which is used for controlling intracellular digestion of macromolecules is (a) endoplasmic reticulum (b) nucleosome (c) lysosome (d) phagosome.

Last Answer : (c) lysosome

Which of the following structure-function pairs is mismatched? (A) Lysosome-intracellular digestion (B) Golgi body-secretion of cell products (C) Ribosome-protein synthesis (D) Glyoxysome-detoxification

Description : Which of the following structure-function pairs is mismatched? (A) Lysosome-intracellular digestion (B) Golgi body-secretion of cell products (C) Ribosome-protein synthesis (D) Glyoxysome-detoxification

Last Answer : (D) Glyoxysome-detoxification

What are extracellular enzymes? -Biology

Description : What are extracellular enzymes? -Biology

Last Answer : An exoenzyme, or extracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside that cell. Exoenzymes are produced by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and have been shown to be a crucial component of many biological processes.

Why are viruses called obligate intracellular parasites? -Biology

Description : Why are viruses called obligate intracellular parasites? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

What are intracellular enzymes? -Biology

Description : What are intracellular enzymes? -Biology

Last Answer : An endoenzyme, or intracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was produced. Because the majority of enzymes fall within this category, the term is used primarily to differentiate a specific enzyme from an exoenzyme.

Which one of the following contains the largest quantity of extracellular material ?

Description : Which one of the following contains the largest quantity of extracellular material ?

Last Answer : Which one of the following contains the largest quantity of extracellular material ? A. ... C. Stratified epitheliium D. Myelinated nerve fibres

What is the composition of the extracellular matrix?

Description : What is the composition of the extracellular matrix?

Last Answer : Feel Free to Answer

What gland responsible for maintenance of salt and water balance in the extracellular fluid?

Description : What gland responsible for maintenance of salt and water balance in the extracellular fluid?

Last Answer : What is the answer ?

Important buffer system of extracellular fluid is (A) Bicarbonate/carbonic acid (B) Disodium hydrogen phosphate/sodium dihydrogen phosphate (C) Plasma proteins (D) Organic Phosphate

Description : Important buffer system of extracellular fluid is (A) Bicarbonate/carbonic acid (B) Disodium hydrogen phosphate/sodium dihydrogen phosphate (C) Plasma proteins (D) Organic Phosphate

Last Answer : Answer : A

The principal cation in extracellular fluid is (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Magnesium

Description : The principal cation in extracellular fluid is (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Magnesium

Last Answer : Answer : A

The percentage of calcium present in extracellular fluid is (A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 50

Description : The percentage of calcium present in extracellular fluid is (A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 50

Last Answer : Answer : A

An increase in the osmolality of extracellular compartment will (A) Inhibit ADH secretion (B) Stimulate ADH secretion (C) Cause no change in ADH secretion (D) Stimulate the volume and osmoreceptor and inhibit ADH secretion

Description : An increase in the osmolality of extracellular compartment will (A) Inhibit ADH secretion (B) Stimulate ADH secretion (C) Cause no change in ADH secretion (D) Stimulate the volume and osmoreceptor and inhibit ADH secretion

Last Answer : Answer : B

The % of ‘K’ in Extracellular fluid is about (A) 1% (B) 2 to 3% (C) 10% (D) 15%

Description : The % of ‘K’ in Extracellular fluid is about (A) 1% (B) 2 to 3% (C) 10% (D) 15%

Last Answer : Answer : A

An extracellular fluid having a higher concentration of chloride than serum is (A) Bile (B) Sweat (C) CSF (D) Pancreatic juice

Description : An extracellular fluid having a higher concentration of chloride than serum is (A) Bile (B) Sweat (C) CSF (D) Pancreatic juice

Last Answer : Answer : C

The best example of extracellular enzymes (exoenzyme) is (A) Nucleases (B) Digestive enzymes (C) Succinic dehydrogenase (D) None of these

Description : The best example of extracellular enzymes (exoenzyme) is (A) Nucleases (B) Digestive enzymes (C) Succinic dehydrogenase (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

The major source of extracellular cholesterol for human tissue is (A) Very low density lipoprotein (B) High density lipoprotein (C) Low density lipoprotein (D) Albumin

Description : The major source of extracellular cholesterol for human tissue is (A) Very low density lipoprotein (B) High density lipoprotein (C) Low density lipoprotein (D) Albumin

Last Answer : Answer : C

Example of an extracellular enzyme is (A) Lactate dehydrogenase (B) Cytochrome oxidase (C) Pancreatic lipase (D) Hexokinase

Description : Example of an extracellular enzyme is (A) Lactate dehydrogenase (B) Cytochrome oxidase (C) Pancreatic lipase (D) Hexokinase

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statement is correct about membrane cholesterol? (A) The hydroxyl group is located near the centre of the lipid layer (B) Most of the cholesterol is in the form of a cholesterol ester (C) The steroid nucleus form forms a rigid, planar structure (D) The hydrocarbon chain of cholesterol projects into the extracellular fluid

Description : Which of the following statement is correct about membrane cholesterol? (A) The hydroxyl group is located near the centre of the lipid layer (B) Most of the cholesterol is in the form ... forms a rigid, planar structure (D) The hydrocarbon chain of cholesterol projects into the extracellular fluid

Last Answer : C

Which of the following statements regarding transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) are true? a. TGF-b expression is autoregulated b. TGF-b enhances collagen synthesis c. TGF-b inhibits extracellular matrix production d. TGF-b may inhibit or promote cellular proliferation

Description : Which of the following statements regarding transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) are true? a. TGF-b expression is autoregulated b. TGF-b enhances collagen synthesis c. TGF-b inhibits extracellular matrix production d. TGF-b may inhibit or promote cellular proliferation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d TGF-b appears to be one of the key cytokines in control of tissue repair. TGF-b is strongly chemotactic for neutrophils, T cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. ... TGF-b stimulates the proliferation of densely plated human marrow fibroblasts, but is inhibitory at high concentrations

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the remodeling phase of wound healing? a. Total collagen content increases steadily through this phase b. The normal adult ratio of collagen is approximately 4:1 of type I to type III collagen. c. Eventually a scar will achieve the strength of unwounded skin d. The proteoglycans are responsible for the ground substance of the extracellular matrix

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the remodeling phase of wound healing? a. Total collagen content increases steadily through this phase b. The normal adult ratio ... unwounded skin d. The proteoglycans are responsible for the ground substance of the extracellular matrix

Last Answer : Answer: b, d The transition from the proliferative phase to the remodeling phase of wound healing is defined by reaching collagen equilibrium. Collagen accumulation within the wound becomes maximal by ... in strength for six months or more, eventually reaching 70% of the strength of unwounded skin

Total body mass is composed of an aqueous component and a nonaqueous component. The nonaqueous component is made up of which of the following? a. Liver b. Tendons c. Skeletal muscle d. Extracellular fluid e. Adipose tissue

Description : Total body mass is composed of an aqueous component and a nonaqueous component. The nonaqueous component is made up of which of the following? a. Liver b. Tendons c. Skeletal muscle d. Extracellular fluid e. Adipose tissue

Last Answer : Answer: b, e The nonaqueous portion of total body mass is made up of bones, tendons, and mineral mass as well as adipose tissue. The aqueous component contains the body cell ... and circulating blood cells. Also contributing to the aqueous portion is the interstitial fluid and intravascular volume

There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning energy converting transport? a. The site of energy conversion and transport in the plasma membrane involves the phospholipid component b. The Na+-K++-ATPase derives energy from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP c. In some systems, energy inherent in the transmembrane ion gradient can be used to drive transport of a second species d. Examples of species transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Description : There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s ... transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The selectivity of the plasma membrane, although impressive, cannot account for the nonequilibrium composition of living cells. A cell can be maintained in a nonequilibrium state only by ... to drive the transport of a second species such as protons, calcium, amino acids, or glucose

Cell regulation can be thought of as the effector side of cell communication. Most commonly cell regulation occurs by means of extracellular chemical messengers. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning these messengers? a. Paracrine regulation involves a messenger which is produced and acts systemically b. The extracellular signal or stimulus is received by a receptor on or in the target cell c. Neurocrine regulation depends on a physical connection between the neuron and the target cell d. Most hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters readily cross the cell plasma membrane

Description : Cell regulation can be thought of as the effector side of cell communication. Most commonly cell regulation occurs by means of extracellular chemical messengers. Which of the following statement(s ... d. Most hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters readily cross the cell plasma membrane

Last Answer : Answer: b, c Depending on how the extracellular messenger arrives, cell regulation can be classified as paracrine, endocrine, or neurocrine. In paracrine regulation, a chemical messenger ... , local mediators, and neurotransmitters are water-soluble and cannot readily cross the plasma membrane

Which of the following statements regarding hypercalcemia are true? A. The symptoms of hypercalcemia may mimic some symptoms of hyperglycemia. B. Metastatic breast cancer is an unusual cause of hypercalcemia. C. Calcitonin is a satisfactory long-term therapy for hypercalcemia. D. Severely hypercalcemic patients exhibit the signs of extracellular fluid volume deficit. E. Urinary calcium excretion may be increased by vigorous volume repletion.

Description : Which of the following statements regarding hypercalcemia are true? A. The symptoms of hypercalcemia may mimic some symptoms of hyperglycemia. B. Metastatic breast cancer is an unusual cause of ... fluid volume deficit. E. Urinary calcium excretion may be increased by vigorous volume repletion.

Last Answer : Answer: ADE DISCUSSION: Markedly elevated serum calcium levels produce polydipsia, polyuria, and thirst. Vigorous volume repletion and saline diuresis correct the extracellular fluid volume ... , from bony metastasis. The calcitonin effect on calcium is diminished with repeat administrations

Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth of the total extracellular fluid volume. C. Potassium is the principal cation in extracellular fluid. D. The protein content of the plasma produces a lower concentration of cations than in the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.

Description : Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth ... the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.

Last Answer : Answer: B DISCUSSION: The total extracellular fluid volume represents 20% of body weight. The plasma volume is approximately 5% of body weight. Sodium is the principal cation. The ... fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, the majority of the interstitial fluid exists as a rapidly equilibrating component