Which of the following anatomical considerations is correct: A. optic chiasm lesions characteristically produce a bitemporal hemianopia B. central scotoma occurs early in papilloedema C. in cortical blindness pupillary reactions are abnormal D. optic tract lesions produce an ipsilateral homonymous hemianopia E. opticokinetic nystagmus is found with bilateral infarction of the parieto-occipital lobes

Which of the following anatomical considerations is correct: A. optic chiasm lesions characteristically produce a bitemporal hemianopia B. central scotoma occurs early in papilloedema C. in cortical blindness pupillary reactions are abnormal D. optic tract lesions produce an ipsilateral homonymous hemianopia E. opticokinetic nystagmus is found with bilateral infarction of the parieto-occipital lobes
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Which of the following anatomical considerations is correct: A. optic chiasm lesions characteristically produce a bitemporal hemianopia B. central scotoma occurs early in papilloedema C. in cortical blindness pupillary reactions are abnormal D. optic tract lesions produce an ipsilateral homonymous hemianopia E. opticokinetic nystagmus is found with bilateral infarction of the parieto-occipital lobes

Description : Which of the following anatomical considerations is correct: A. optic chiasm lesions characteristically produce a bitemporal hemianopia B. central scotoma occurs early in papilloedema C. in ... hemianopia E. opticokinetic nystagmus is found with bilateral infarction of the parieto-occipital lobes

Last Answer : Ans: A

Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at: a. Optic tract b. Optic nerve c. Optic chiasma d. Retina e. Occipital cortex

Description : Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at: a. Optic tract b. Optic nerve c. Optic chiasma d. Retina e. Occipital cortex

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

Which of the following would be expected following distal occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery? A. cerebellar ataxia B. contralateral hemiplegia C. dysarthria D. homonymous hemianopia E. palatal palsy

Description : Which of the following would be expected following distal occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery? A. cerebellar ataxia B. contralateral hemiplegia C. dysarthria D. homonymous hemianopia E. palatal palsy

Last Answer : Ans: D

Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

Description : Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in: a. Optic chiasma b. Retina c. optic tract d. Optic nerve

Last Answer : ANSWER: C  

Direct light reflex of the pupil is absent in: a. lesion of the ipsilateral ciliary ganglion. b. transaction of the ipsilateral optic nerve. c. bilateral occipital lobe lesion. d. topical application of phenylepherine.

Description : Direct light reflex of the pupil is absent in: a. lesion of the ipsilateral ciliary ganglion. b. transaction of the ipsilateral optic nerve. c. bilateral occipital lobe lesion. d. topical application of phenylepherine.

Last Answer : lesion of the ipsilateral ciliary ganglion.

The following may explain why a patient who had had a relative afferent pupillary defect has normal pupillary reaction to light: a. removal of a cataract b. resolution of optic neuritis c. anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in both eyes d. development of bilateral papilloedema

Description : The following may explain why a patient who had had a relative afferent pupillary defect has normal pupillary reaction to light: a. removal of a cataract b. resolution of optic neuritis c. anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in both eyes d. development of bilateral papilloedema

Last Answer : anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in both eyes

Relative afferent pupillary defect is seen in: a. age-related macular degeneration b. optic nerve glioma c. unilateral occipital lobe infarction d. third nerve palsy

Description : Relative afferent pupillary defect is seen in: a. age-related macular degeneration b. optic nerve glioma c. unilateral occipital lobe infarction d. third nerve palsy

Last Answer : optic nerve glioma

Of the following terms, which refers to blindness in the right or left halves of the visual fields of both eyes? a) Homonymous hemianopsia Homonymous hemianopsia occurs with occipital lobe tumors.

Description : Of the following terms, which refers to blindness in the right or left halves of the visual fields of both eyes? a) Homonymous hemianopsia Homonymous hemianopsia occurs with occipital lobe tumors ... eyes. d) Nystagmus Nystagmus refers to rhythmic, involuntary movements or oscillations of the eyes.

Last Answer : a) Homonymous hemianopsia Homonymous hemianopsia occurs with occipital lobe tumors.

Vitamin B12 deficiency causes: a. optic atrophy b. papilloedema c. centrocecal scotoma d. loss of position sense

Description : Vitamin B12 deficiency causes: a. optic atrophy b. papilloedema c. centrocecal scotoma d. loss of position sense

Last Answer : loss of position sense

Are body planes important for identifying anatomical structure?

Description : Are body planes important for identifying anatomical structure? 

Last Answer : In order to observe and study the structural arrangement of the internal organs, the body may be divided and sectioned (or cut) along three fundamental planes. These planes are the midsagittal (median) ... and lower (inferior) sections. It is at right angles to the sagittal and frontal planes. 

The optic chiasm: a. forms the floor of the recess of the third ventricle b. is inferior to the medial root of the olfactory tract c. has the internal carotid artery as its immediate lateral relation d. all above

Description : The optic chiasm: a. forms the floor of the recess of the third ventricle b. is inferior to the medial root of the olfactory tract c. has the internal carotid artery as its immediate lateral relation d. all above

Last Answer : all above

The Pulfrich phenomenon: a. occurs in patients with bilateral macular degeneration b. occurs in optic neuritis c. refers to the perception of photopsia d. refers to the illusion of abnormal motion

Description : The Pulfrich phenomenon: a. occurs in patients with bilateral macular degeneration b. occurs in optic neuritis c. refers to the perception of photopsia d. refers to the illusion of abnormal motion

Last Answer : refers to the illusion of abnormal motion

In which cerebral lobes is the speech center located? Is it the: a) frontal b) parietal c) temporal d) occipital

Description : In which cerebral lobes is the speech center located? Is it the: a) frontal b) parietal c) temporal d) occipital

Last Answer : ANSWER: A -- frontal 

You are given a fairly old piece of dicot stem and a dicot root. Which of the following anatomical structures will you use to distinguish between the two? (a) Secondary xylem (b) Secondary phloem (c) Protoxylem (d) Cortical cells

Description : You are given a fairly old piece of dicot stem and a dicot root. Which of the following anatomical structures will you use to distinguish between the two? (a) Secondary xylem (b) Secondary phloem (c) Protoxylem (d) Cortical cells

Last Answer : (c) Protoxylem

When measuring the blood pressure in each of the patient’s arms, the nurse recognizes that in the normal adult, the pressures a) differ no more than 5 mm Hg between arm pressures. Normally, in the absence of disease of the vasculature, there is a difference of no more than 5 mm Hg between arm pressures. b) must be equal in both arms. The pressures in each arm do not have to be equal in order to be considered normal. c) may vary 10 mm Hg or more between arms. Pressures that vary more than 10 mm Hg between arms indicate an abnormal finding. d) may vary, with the higher pressure found in the left arm. The left arm pressure is not anticipated to be higher than the right as a normal anatomical variant.

Description : When measuring the blood pressure in each of the patient's arms, the nurse recognizes that in the normal adult, the pressures a) differ no more than 5 mm Hg between arm pressures. Normally, in ... . The left arm pressure is not anticipated to be higher than the right as a normal anatomical variant.

Last Answer : a) differ no more than 5 mm Hg between arm pressures. Normally, in the absence of disease of the vasculature, there is a difference of no more than 5 mm Hg between arm pressures.

Serum AST activity is not characteristically elevated as the result of (A) Myocardial infarction (B) Passive congestion of liver (C) Muscular dystrophies (D) Peptic ulcer

Description : Serum AST activity is not characteristically elevated as the result of (A) Myocardial infarction (B) Passive congestion of liver (C) Muscular dystrophies (D) Peptic ulcer

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which ONE of the following would be expected in a third nerve palsy? A. Enophthalmos B. Constricted pupil C. Convergent strabismus D. Increased lacrimation E. Unreactive pupil to light

Description : Which ONE of the following would be expected in a third nerve palsy? A. Enophthalmos B. Constricted pupil C. Convergent strabismus D. Increased lacrimation E. Unreactive pupil to light

Last Answer : Ans: E

Which of the following regarding the anatomy of the heart is true? A. The aortic valve is tricuspid. B. The ascending aorta is entirely outside the pericardial sac. C. The left atrial appendage is identified readily by transthoracic echocardiography. D. The pulmonary trunk lies anterior to the ascending aorta. E. The right atrium is posterior to the left atrium.

Description : Which of the following regarding the anatomy of the heart is true? A. The aortic valve is tricuspid. B. The ascending aorta is entirely outside the pericardial sac. C. The left atrial appendage is ... trunk lies anterior to the ascending aorta. E. The right atrium is posterior to the left atrium.

Last Answer : Ans: A

A 73-year-old man presents with an abrupt onset of double vision and left leg weakness. Examination shows weakness of abduction of the right eye, right-sided facial weakness affecting upper and lower parts of the face. He also has a left hemiparesis. Where is the lesion? A. left frontal lobe B. left lateral medulla C. right corpus striatum D. right midbrain E. right pons

Description : A 73-year-old man presents with an abrupt onset of double vision and left leg weakness. Examination shows weakness of abduction of the right eye, right-sided facial weakness affecting upper and lower ... frontal lobe B. left lateral medulla C. right corpus striatum D. right midbrain E. right pons

Last Answer : Ans: E

Which of the following would be the result of a spinal lesion at the level of C8? A. a reduced brachioradialis reflex B. inability to abduct the shoulder C. loss of sensation over the lateral aspect of the arm D. winging of the scapula E. weakness of finger flexion

Description : Which of the following would be the result of a spinal lesion at the level of C8? A. a reduced brachioradialis reflex B. inability to abduct the shoulder C. loss of sensation over the lateral aspect of the arm D. winging of the scapula E. weakness of finger flexion

Last Answer : Ans: E

How does the belly button work?

Description : How does the belly button work?

Last Answer : There’s a retaining screw in there that keeps your arse on.

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve (CNV)?

Description : What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve (CNV)?

Last Answer : answer:Nerve supply to the face & scalp Diagram of trigeminal nerve

How many deep cervical fascia are there?

Description : How many deep cervical fascia are there?

Last Answer : Can you go back to the lecturer and ask him/her?

Anyone here, besides me, considering leaving his or her body to a medical school for their anatomy classes?

Description : Anyone here, besides me, considering leaving his or her body to a medical school for their anatomy classes?

Last Answer : I’ll definitely do it. Trust me, the med students appreciate it. I’m going to med school next year and there is actually a shortage of bodies for students to dissect.

Is having thick wrists determined by genetics, hormone levels, or diet?

Description : Is having thick wrists determined by genetics, hormone levels, or diet?

Last Answer : Thick wrists? Do you mean bone width? That is definitely genetics.

Why is it that when you fold your fingers down, they are all the same length, but when you put them straight up they are all different lengths?

Description : Why is it that when you fold your fingers down, they are all the same length, but when you put them straight up they are all different lengths?

Last Answer : Mine don’t. But can you touch your elbows behind your back?

Soaking the feet before cutting solves the problem, but, what causes the pain while cutting toenails in the first place?

Description : Soaking the feet before cutting solves the problem, but, what causes the pain while cutting toenails in the first place?

Last Answer : I don’t have pain when cutting my toenails, and I’ve never known anyone say that they do. What kind of pain is it? Your actual nail hurts when cut?

How do castrated men go to the bathroom?

Description : How do castrated men go to the bathroom?

Last Answer : Castrated just means you got no balls. You get to keep the rest of the unit.

How to tell right or left bones of appendicular skeleton?

Description : How to tell right or left bones of appendicular skeleton?

Last Answer : Ever hear of anatomical position? If you visualize the bones in that position, you can’t go wrong. The Radial bone is also on your thumb side.

Why are men''s testicles located between their legs?

Description : Why are men''s testicles located between their legs?

Last Answer : Because that is where our genitals are. I suppose male genitals could be moved to the brain!

Is there an organ in the human body that fascinates you more than all others?

Description : Is there an organ in the human body that fascinates you more than all others?

Last Answer : answer:The brain and synaptic processing. A part modified: knees, they should be sturdier. Nothing is easier than screwing up your knees. Running, martial arts or what not.

What is this bump on my tongue and how do I get rid of it?

Description : What is this bump on my tongue and how do I get rid of it?

Last Answer : My Mother calls them lie bumps ;) But probably just from eating too much salt. I get little sores on my tongue if I’ve had a lot of salt. So strange!

My daughter wants to know, how do doctors know whether a baby with Sirenomelia (Mermaid Syndrome) is a boy or a girl?

Description : My daughter wants to know, how do doctors know whether a baby with Sirenomelia (Mermaid Syndrome) is a boy or a girl?

Last Answer : My guess is that they could check the fetus’ innards with xray.

Do beat boxers have some certain special physical lungs and tongue abilities? (Same question goes for yodeling)

Description : Do beat boxers have some certain special physical lungs and tongue abilities? (Same question goes for yodeling)

Last Answer : I'd say practice. I'm not great at it, but I've picked up the ability to hold a beat. The key with beatboxing is the way it all runs together. If you slowed the routines right down you'd find ... harshly and kind of clicking the back of your throat as you do it. Yodelers, I do not kno-eee-oooooooow.

Does everybody experience "pee shivers" or is it mostly men?

Description : Does everybody experience "pee shivers" or is it mostly men?

Last Answer : A data point. I am a male and have never experienced this.

What the hell is that?

Description : What the hell is that?

Last Answer : Uvula?

In the human body, why is there redundancy with some organs, but not others?

Description : In the human body, why is there redundancy with some organs, but not others?

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What are the consequences of supergluing a person's anus closed?

Description : What are the consequences of supergluing a person's anus closed?

Last Answer : I would like to know how this question came up…. But I would assume it would make certain activites tough, you might die if your bladder burst… And there would probally be some tearing/other damaging of the skin around it causeing premenate damage the area when you had it unglued

What are the stages of sleep?

Description : What are the stages of sleep? 

Last Answer : Data collected from EEGs (electroencephalograms) of brain activity during sleep have shown at least four separate stages of sleep. During stage 1, heart and breathing rates decrease slightly, the eyes roll slowly ... stage 3 sleep, followed by stages 2 and then 1, before the cycle begins again. 

How is IQ calculated?

Description : How is IQ calculated? 

Last Answer : IQ, or the intelligence quotient, was originally computed as the ratio of a person's mental age to his chronological age, multiplied by 100. Following this method, a child of 10 years old who ... IQ of 70 or below indicates mental retardation, and an IQ of 130 or above indicates gifted abilities.

How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system?

Description : How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system?

Last Answer : Both the endocrine and nervous are regulatory systems that permit communication between cells, tissues, and organs. A major difference between the endocrine system and nervous system is the ... endocrine system are longer lasting. Examples of endocrine control are growth and reproductive ability.

What are the effects of Ageing on respiratory system?

Description : What are the effects of Ageing on respiratory system? 

Last Answer : There is a decline in the efficiency of the respiratory system with ageing. There is a gradual loss of elastic tissue & the chest wall becomes less capable of expansion. These changes show up ... white blood cells. This leaves the system more prone to disease like pneumonia, bronchitis & emphysema. 

Which types of tissue have the greatest capacity to regenerate?

Description : Which types of tissue have the greatest capacity to regenerate?

Last Answer : Epithelial and connective tissues have the greatest capacity to regenerate. In small wounds and injuries, the epithelial and connective tissues often heal with normal tissue. The ability of muscle tissue to ... at a very slow pace, most brain and spinal cord injuries result in permanent damage.  

Is all the cartilage in the body the same?

Description : Is all the cartilage in the body the same? 

Last Answer : There are three types of cartilage in the human body: 1) hyaline cartilage; 2) elastic cartilage; and 3)fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage (from the Greek hyalos, meaning glass ) is the most ... , since there are no blood vessels in cartilage, the healing process is slower than for other tissues

Does your heart stop beating when you sneeze?

Description : Does your heart stop beating when you sneeze? 

Last Answer : The heart does not stop beating when you sneeze. Sneezing, however, does affect the cardiovascular system. It causes a change in pressure inside the chest. This change in pressure affects the blood ... a harmless delay between one heartbeat and the next, often misinterpreted as a skipped beat.

Why do we die without oxygen?

Description : Why do we die without oxygen? 

Last Answer : Most living organisms are aerobic; that is, they require oxygen to complete the total breakdown of glucose for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy for life. Many people ... recycle the spent electrons and hydrogen ions (H+) produced as byproducts of aerobic respiration. 

Distinguish among the terms stimulus, sensation, and perception

Description : Distinguish among the terms stimulus, sensation, and perception

Last Answer : A stimulus is an energy source (chemical, pressure, light wave, etc.) that activates a receptor cell (specialized nerve cell) to transmit a nerve impulse, or sensation. If the sensation arrives in ... to the brain. Once these sensations reach the cerebral cortex, a person perceives (feels) pain.