Total body mass is composed of an aqueous component and a nonaqueous component. The nonaqueous component is made up of which of the following? a. Liver b. Tendons c. Skeletal muscle d. Extracellular fluid e. Adipose tissue

Total body mass is composed of an aqueous component and a nonaqueous component. The nonaqueous component is made up of which of the following?  a. Liver b. Tendons c. Skeletal muscle d. Extracellular fluid e. Adipose tissue
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Answer: b, e  The nonaqueous portion of total body mass is made up of bones, tendons, and mineral mass as well as adipose tissue. The aqueous component contains the body cell mass which is made up of skeletal muscle, intraabdominal and intrathoracic organs, skin, and circulating blood cells. Also contributing to the aqueous portion is the interstitial fluid and intravascular volume
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In “catabolic” surgical patients, which of the following changes in body composition do not occur? A. Lean body mass increases. B. Total body water increases. C. Adipose tissue decreases. D. Body weight decreases.

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Which of the following statements concerning monitoring techniques in the intensive care unit are true? A. Pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure readings should be made at end inspiration, to minimize ventilatory artifacts. B. Continuous SvO 2 monitoring based on the technique of reflectance spectrophotometry has been shown to be accurate and reliable. C. Direct measurement of gastric intramucosal pH can be provided by gastrointestinal tonometry. D. Hyperlactatemia may be seen in a number of clinical conditions not associated with tissue hypoxia, including liver disease and hypermetabolic states.

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Tendons and ligaments are – (1) Connective tissue (2) Muscular tissue (3) Epithelial tissue (4) Skeletal tissue

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Scar formation is part of the normal healing process following injury. Which of the following tissues has the ability to heal without scar formation? a. Liver b. Skin c. Bone d. Muscle

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The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase is present in (A) Liver (B) Muscle (C) Adipose tissue (D) Brain

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In the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burned as fuel is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Adipose tissue (C) Muscle (D) Brain

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Last Answer : Answer : A

Calcitriol synthesis involves (A) Both liver and kidney (B) Intestine (C) Adipose tissue (D) Muscle

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Last Answer : Answer : A

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Last Answer : B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver

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Last Answer : B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver

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A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance of these differences is/are true? a. The cell membrane is able to maintain a 10,000 fold gradient between the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium and the intracellular concentration b. The key to these differences is the fact that the plasma membrane is normally impermeable to sodium, potassium and calcium c. The selectivity of biologic membranes is highly consistent and seldom changes d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

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This major protein component of connective tissue in mammals comprises most of the organic matter of skin, tendons, bones, and teeth, and occurs as fibrous inclusions in most other body structures. Is this material: a) elastin b) collagen c) fatty acids d) keratin

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Description : Answer: e The role of nutritional support in the cancer patient remains an important component of overall therapy. Preoperative nutritional support should be given only to those patients who ... of bowel rest; this atrophy is not reversed by currently available total parenteral nutrition solutions

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. The carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain is the antigen binding site c. Antibody of the immunoglobulin G class is the initial antibody produced in response to an antigenic stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components

Which of the following statements concerning perioperative nutrition is true concerning the above-described patient? a. Since the patient’s weight had been stable with no preoperative nutritional deficit, 5% dextrose intravenous solutions are adequate for the initial postoperative source of nutrition b. Preoperative immunologic status should be determined including total peripheral lymphocyte count and delayed hypersensitivity reaction to determine skin-test response to common antigens c. Routine postoperative fluid administration with intravenous 5% glucose solutions can provide the calories to meet basal energy requirements d. A jejunal feeding catheter should be placed at the time of surgery for postoperative enteral feeding

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Each organised skeletal muscle in our body is made of a number of ____ held together by a common collagenous connective tissue layer called_____

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Last Answer : (c) Smooth muscle Wall of intestine

Glycerol released from adipose tissue by hydrolysis of triglycerides is mainly (A) Taken up by liver (B) Taken up by extrahepatic tissues (C) Reutilised in adipose tissue (D) Excreted from the body FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 85

Description : Glycerol released from adipose tissue by hydrolysis of triglycerides is mainly (A) Taken up by liver (B) Taken up by extrahepatic tissues (C) Reutilised in adipose tissue (D) Excreted from the body FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 85

Last Answer : Answer : A

Vitamin A is stored in the body in (A) Liver (B) Adipose tissue (C) Reticuloendothelial cells (D) All of these

Description : Vitamin A is stored in the body in (A) Liver (B) Adipose tissue (C) Reticuloendothelial cells (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

In the human body, fats are stored in the – (1) Epidermis (2) Adipose tissue (3) Liver (4) Epithelium

Description : In the human body, fats are stored in the – (1) Epidermis (2) Adipose tissue (3) Liver (4) Epithelium

Last Answer : (2) Adipose tissue Explanation: Adipose tissue is also known as body fat. It contains several cell types, with the 11.` hest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. ... body and to protect us from excess glucose by storing triglycerides produced by the liver from sugars.

In the human body, fats are stored in the (1) Epidermis (2) Adipose tissue (3) Liver (4) Epithelium

Description : In the human body, fats are stored in the (1) Epidermis (2) Adipose tissue (3) Liver (4) Epithelium

Last Answer : Adipose tissue

As thrombin generation proceeds, the body has natural anticoagulant systems opposing further thrombus formation. Natural anticoagulants include: a. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) b. Antithrombin III c. Activated protein C d. Heparin cofactor II

Description : As thrombin generation proceeds, the body has natural anticoagulant systems opposing further thrombus formation. Natural anticoagulants include: a. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) b. Antithrombin III c. Activated protein C d. Heparin cofactor II

Last Answer : Answer: b, c, d Just as thrombin generation is the key to coagulation, antithrombin III is the most central anticoagulant proteins. This glycoprotein binds to thrombin, preventing its removal of ... in the body. Therefore, TPA is part of the fibrinolytic system rather than a natural anticoagulant

A 65-year old patient has colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver and lungs. He has had a weight loss of 10 kg. Cytokine-dependent tumor cachexia is attributable to which of the following? a. Increased glucose uptake and increased glycogen breakdown occur in this circumstance. b. Suppressed activity of lipoprotein lipase results from TNFa c. TNFa stimulates lipolysis d. The differentiation process of pre-adipocytes is impaired e. Partial reversal of differentiated adipocytes to pre-adipocyte morphology and gene expression occurs

Description : A 65-year old patient has colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver and lungs. He has had a weight loss of 10 kg. Cytokine-dependent tumor cachexia is attributable to which of the ... is impaired e. Partial reversal of differentiated adipocytes to pre-adipocyte morphology and gene expression occurs

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d, e Tumor cachexia appears to be mediated by TNFa. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as other cytokines, activate a variety of inflammatory cells, most ... chronic syndromes of anorexia, weight loss, and cachexia that are associated with both chronic infection and malignancy