Spinal stenosis, a condition that compresses the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots, can cause chronic pain and restrict your mobility. The bone degeneration that occurs with aging is a common cause of spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the vertebral canal that holds the spinal cord. Damage to spinal disks, osteoarthritis, spinal injuries, tumors and congenital bone diseases may also contribute to stenosis. As the canal narrows, the nerves that control voluntary and involuntary functions can be damaged. An orthopedic spinal specialist may combine multiple treatment strategies to relieve pain and restore mobility.Medication and SurgeryLumbar stenosis, which affects the lower back and the roots of the spinal nerves, may lead to pain or weakness in the legs. Cervical stenosis, which affects the spinal cord, may cause neck or shoulder pain and numbness or weakness in your extremities. In mild to moderate cases of stenosis, pain may be managed by over-the-counter anti-inflammatory products. In more severe cases, your doctor may prescribe antidepressants to relieve symptoms. Anticonvulsant medications, which are used to control seizures, may reduce the pain caused by nerve damage. Opioid pain relievers may be prescribed for severe symptoms. In advanced cases, a pain management specialist can be a valuable resource.Epidural injections are often effective at easing stenosis pain. Cortisone, a steroid medication, is injected into the spinal canal to minimize inflammation and relieve compression. Frequent injections may weaken bones, however, which could worsen vertebral damage. Your doctor may recommend surgery to reduce pressure on the spinal cord if injections and other non-surgical methods are not effective.Exercise and Lifestyle ModificationA physical therapist can teach you exercises that may relieve spinal stenosis symptoms. A therapist or orthopedist can also advise you on how to modify your activities and routines to avoid pain. For instance, a therapist may suggest that you use a walker or cane to promote mobility and sit in an adjustable recliner instead of a chair with a straight back. Eating foods rich in calcium and potassium or taking calcium supplements may help you avoid bone deterioration and prevent further narrowing of your spinal canal. An multifaceted treatment plan may maximize your activity level and improve your quality of life.