A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called (A) An inference (B) An argument (C) An explanation (D) A valid argument

A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called (A) An inference (B) An argument (C) An explanation (D) A valid argument
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When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, that group of propositions is called (A) An argument (B) A valid argument (C) An explanation (D) An invalid argument

Description : When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, that group of propositions is called (A) An argument (B) A valid argument (C) An explanation (D) An invalid argument

Last Answer : (A) An argument

Select the code, which is not correct about Venn diagram: (A) Venn diagram represents propositions as well as classes. (B) It can provide clear method of notation. (C) It can be either valid or invalid. (D) It can provide the direct method of testing the validity.

Description : Select the code, which is not correct about Venn diagram: (A) Venn diagram represents propositions as well as classes. (B) It can provide clear method of notation. (C) It can be either valid or invalid. (D) It can provide the direct method of testing the validity.

Last Answer : (C) It can be either valid or invalid. 

Logical reasoning is based on: (A) Truth of involved propositions (B) Valid relation among the involved propositions (C) Employment of symbolic language (D) Employment of ordinary language

Description : Logical reasoning is based on: (A) Truth of involved propositions (B) Valid relation among the involved propositions (C) Employment of symbolic language (D) Employment of ordinary language

Last Answer : (B) Valid relation among the involved propositions

Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning: (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment (B) The conclusion should be supported by the premise/premises (C) The conclusion must follow from the premise/premises necessarily (D) The argument may be valid or invalid

Description : Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning: (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment ( ... must follow from the premise/premises necessarily (D) The argument may be valid or invalid

Last Answer : (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment

Which of the following statements are true? Choose from the codes given below. 1. Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid. 2. A sound argument may be invalid. 3. A cogent argument may have a probably false conclusion. 4. A statement may be true or false. Codes: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C) 4 alone (D) 3 and 4

Description : Which of the following statements are true? Choose from the codes given below. 1. Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid. 2. A sound argument may be invalid. 3. A cogent argument may have a probably false ... Codes: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C) 4 alone (D) 3 and 4

Last Answer : (D) 3 and 4

The premises of a valid deductive argument: (A) Provide some evidence for its conclusion (B) Provide no evidence for its conclusion (C) Are irrelevant for its conclusion (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

Description : The premises of a valid deductive argument: (A) Provide some evidence for its conclusion (B) Provide no evidence for its conclusion (C) Are irrelevant for its conclusion (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

Last Answer : (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a deductive type of argument ? (A) The conclusion follows from the premise/premises necessarily. (B) The argument admits degree of complexity. (C) The argument provides us knowledge about matters of fact. (D) The argument must be either valid or invalid.

Description : Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a deductive type of argument ? (A) The conclusion follows from the premise/premises necessarily. (B) The argument admits degree of complexity. ( ... provides us knowledge about matters of fact. (D) The argument must be either valid or invalid.

Last Answer : (C) The argument provides us knowledge about matters of fact.

Select the code, which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two premises: (A) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion may be valid. (B) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may be valid. (C) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a true conclusion may be valid. (D) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may be valid.

Description : Select the code, which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two premises: (A) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion may be valid. (B) An argument ... may be valid. (D) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may be valid. 

Last Answer : (B) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may be valid. 

A deductive argument can not be valid : (A) If its premise / premises is/are true and its conclusion is true. (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false. (C) If its premise / premises is/are false and its conclusion is false. (D) If its premise / premises is / are false and its conclusion is true.

Description : A deductive argument can not be valid : (A) If its premise / premises is/are true and its conclusion is true. (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false. (C) If ... conclusion is false. (D) If its premise / premises is / are false and its conclusion is true.

Last Answer : (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false

Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below : 1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general. 2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong. 3. A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion. 4. An argument may legitimately be spoken of as ‘true’ or ‘false’. Code : (A) 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 1 and 2

Description : Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below : 1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general. 2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong. 3. A valid argument may have a ... (A) 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 1 and 2

Last Answer : (C) 2 and 4

A deductive argument is valid if: (A) premises are false and conclusion true (B) premises are false and conclusion is also false (C) premises are true and conclusion is false (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

Description : A deductive argument is valid if: (A) premises are false and conclusion true (B) premises are false and conclusion is also false (C) premises are true and conclusion is false (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

Last Answer : (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

The process by which one proposition is arrived at on the basis of other propositions is called-----------. A) Term B) Concept C) Inference D) Connotation.

Description : The process by which one proposition is arrived at on the basis of other propositions is called-----------. A) Term B) Concept C) Inference D) Connotation.

Last Answer :  C) Inference 

If two propositions are connected in such a way that they cannot both be false although they may both be true, then their relationship is called (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subalternation

Description : If two propositions are connected in such a way that they cannot both be false although they may both be true, then their relationship is called (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subalternation

Last Answer : (B) Subcontrary

If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms can both be true but cannot both be false, the relation between those two propositions is called (A) contradictory (B) contrary (C) subcontrary (D) subaltern

Description : If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms can both be true but cannot both be false, the relation between those two propositions is called (A) contradictory (B) contrary (C) subcontrary (D) subaltern

Last Answer : (C) subcontrary

If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms are such that one is the denial of the other, the relationship between them is called (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Sub-contrary (D) Sub-alternation

Description : If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms are such that one is the denial of the other, the relationship between them is called (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Sub-contrary (D) Sub-alternation

Last Answer : (A) Contradictory

Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that they cannot both be true but can both be false. Select the code that states those two propositions. Propositions: (a) Every student is attentive. (b) Some students are attentive (c) Students are never attentive (d) Some students are not attentive (A) (a) and (b) (B) (a) and (c) (C) (b) and (c) (D) (c) and (d)

Description : Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that they cannot both be true but can both be false. Select the code that states those two propositions. Propositions: (a) Every student is attentive. (b) Some students are ... ) (a) and (c) (C) (b) and (c) (D) (c) and (d)

Last Answer : Answer: B 

If the proposition ‘All thieves are poor’ is false, which of the following propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) Some thieves are poor. (B) Some thieves are not poor. (C) No thief is poor. (D) No poor person is a thief

Description : If the proposition ‘All thieves are poor’ is false, which of the following propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) Some thieves are poor. (B) Some thieves are not poor. (C) No thief is poor. (D) No poor person is a thief

Last Answer : (B) Some thieves are not poor.

Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code: Propositions: (a) All women are equal to men (b) Some women are equal to men (c) Some women are not equal to men (d) No women are equal to men Codes: (A) (a) and (b) (B) (a) and (d) (C) (c) and (d) (D) (a) and (c)

Description : Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code: Propositions: (a) All women are equal to men (b) Some women are equal to ... (b) (B) (a) and (d) (C) (c) and (d) (D) (a) and (c)

Last Answer : Answer: D

If the proposition ‘No men are honest’ is taken to be false which of the following proposition/propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) All men are honest (B) Some men are honest (C) Some men are not honest (D) No honest person is man

Description : If the proposition ‘No men are honest’ is taken to be false which of the following proposition/propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) All men are honest (B) Some men are honest (C) Some men are not honest (D) No honest person is man 

Last Answer : (B) Some men are honest 

Among the following propositions two arc related in such a way that they can both be true although they cannot both be false. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code. Propositions: (a) Some priests are cunning. (b) No priest is cunning. (c) All priests are cunning. (d) Some priests are not cunning. Codes: (A) (a) and (b) (B) (c) and (d) (C) (a) and (c) (D) (a) and (d)

Description : Among the following propositions two arc related in such a way that they can both be true although they cannot both be false. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code. Propositions: (a) Some priests are cunning. (b) No priest ... (b) (B) (c) and (d) (C) (a) and (c) (D) (a) and (d)

Last Answer : Answer: D

If two standard form categorical propositions with the same subject and predicate are related in such a manner that if one is undetermined the other must be undetermined, what is their relation? (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subaltern

Description : If two standard form categorical propositions with the same subject and predicate are related in such a manner that if one is undetermined the other must be undetermined, what is their relation? (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subaltern 

Last Answer : (C) Contradictory

If two propositions cannot both be false but may both be true, what is the relation between the two propositions ? (A) Contrary (B) Sub-contrary (C) Sub-alternation (D) Contradictory

Description : If two propositions cannot both be false but may both be true, what is the relation between the two propositions ? (A) Contrary (B) Sub-contrary (C) Sub-alternation (D) Contradictory

Last Answer : (B) Sub-contrary

Two propositions with the same subject and predicate terms but different in quality are: (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Subaltern (D) Identical

Description : Two propositions with the same subject and predicate terms but different in quality are: (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Subaltern (D) Identical

Last Answer : (C) Subaltern

Structure of logical argument is based on: (A) Formal validity (B) Material truth (C) Linguistic expression (D) Aptness of examples

Description : Structure of logical argument is based on: (A) Formal validity (B) Material truth (C) Linguistic expression (D) Aptness of examples

Last Answer : (A) Formal validity

The population information is called parameter while the corresponding sample information is known as (A) Universe (B) Inference (C) Sampling design (D) Statistics

Description : The population information is called parameter while the corresponding sample information is known as (A) Universe (B) Inference (C) Sampling design (D) Statistics

Last Answer : Answer: D

A statistical measure based upon the entire population is called parameter while measure based upon a sample is known as: (A) Sample parameter (B) Inference (C) Statistics (D) None of these

Description : A statistical measure based upon the entire population is called parameter while measure based upon a sample is known as: (A) Sample parameter (B) Inference (C) Statistics (D) None of these

Last Answer : (C) Statistics

A child is a back -bencher and is unable to watch the black-board clearly, therefore he stands, see and sit repeatedly. It disturbs the nearby classmates, what inference will you draw with reference to the student's difficulty? Options: A) The child has poor eye-sight B) The child may has defective eyes C) The black-board may has shining effect of light D) None of the above

Description : A child is a back -bencher and is unable to watch the black-board clearly, therefore he stands, see and sit repeatedly. It disturbs the nearby classmates, what inference will you draw with reference to the ... defective eyes C) The black-board may has shining effect of light D) None of the above

Last Answer : A) The child has poor eye-sight 

Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Description : Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Last Answer : (C) Statistical inference

Propositions which supports the conclusion of an argument are called A) Inferences B) Premises C) Terms D) Concepts.

Description : Propositions which supports the conclusion of an argument are called  A) Inferences B) Premises C) Terms D) Concepts.

Last Answer : B) Premises 

Which one is called non-probability sampling? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Quota sampling (C) Systematic sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Description : Which one is called non-probability sampling? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Quota sampling (C) Systematic sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Last Answer : Explanation: No n-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. ... po pulation with respect to known characteristics, traits or focused ph enomenon. Answer: B  

Both premises and conclusion of an argument are _______. A) Commands B) Propositions C) Exclamations D) Questions.

Description : Both premises and conclusion of an argument are _______. A) Commands B) Propositions C) Exclamations  D) Questions.  

Last Answer : B) Propositions 

Which one of the following is a nonprobability sampling method ? (A) Simple Random Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Cluster Sampling (D) Quota Sampling

Description : Which one of the following is a nonprobability sampling method ? (A) Simple Random Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Cluster Sampling (D) Quota Sampling

Last Answer : (D) Quota Sampling

Which of the following sampling methods is not based on probability? (A) Simple Random Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Quota Sampling (D) Cluster Sampling

Description : Which of the following sampling methods is not based on probability? (A) Simple Random Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Quota Sampling (D) Cluster Sampling

Last Answer : (C) Quota Sampling

When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is: (A) Cluster Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Convenient Sampling (D) Lottery Method

Description : When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is: (A) Cluster Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Convenient Sampling (D) Lottery Method

Last Answer : (B) Stratified Sampling

Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 ? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Systematic sampling (C) Quota sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Description : Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 ? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Systematic sampling (C) Quota sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Last Answer :  (B) Systematic sampling

"lf a large diamond is cut up into little bits, it will lose its value just as an army is divided up into small units of soldiers, it loses its strength." The argument put above may be called as (A) Analogical (B) Deductive (C) Statistical (D) Casual

Description : "lf a large diamond is cut up into little bits, it will lose its value just as an army is divided up into small units of soldiers, it loses its strength." The argument put above may be called as (A) Analogical (B) Deductive (C) Statistical (D) Casual

Last Answer : (A) Analogical

When the conclusion of an argument follows from its premise/premises conclusively, the argument is called (A) Circular argument (B) Inductive argument (C) Deductive argument (D) Analogical argument

Description : When the conclusion of an argument follows from its premise/premises conclusively, the argument is called (A) Circular argument (B) Inductive argument (C) Deductive argument (D) Analogical argument

Last Answer : (C) Deductive argument

Select the code which states the condition of an invalid deductive argument : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (B) Some of the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (C) All the premises are false and the conclusion is also false. (D) All the premises are true and the conclusion is also true.

Description : Select the code which states the condition of an invalid deductive argument : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (B) Some of the premises are true but the conclusion is false. ... the conclusion is also false. (D) All the premises are true and the conclusion is also true.

Last Answer : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. 

Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character. (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from its premises. (B) The conclusion is based on causal relation. (C) The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises. (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment

Description : Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character. (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from ... conclusively follows from its premises. (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment

Last Answer : (C) The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises. 

Men and woman may have different reproductive strategies but neither can be considered inferior or superior to the other, any more than a bird’s wings can be considered superior or inferior to a fish’s fins. What type of argument it is? (A) Biological (B) Physiological (C) Analogical (D) Hypothetical

Description : Men and woman may have different reproductive strategies but neither can be considered inferior or superior to the other, any more than a bird's wings can be considered superior or inferior to a fish's ... What type of argument it is? (A) Biological (B) Physiological (C) Analogical (D) Hypothetical

Last Answer : Answer: C

Select the code which is not correct : An analogical argument is strengthened by (A) increasing the number of entities. (B) increasing the number of similar respects. (C) reducing the claim made earlier stronger. (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged.

Description : Select the code which is not correct :  An analogical argument is strengthened by (A) increasing the number of entities. (B) increasing the number of similar respects. (C) reducing the claim made earlier stronger. (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged.

Last Answer : (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged. 

Consider the following statement and select the correct code stating the nature of the argument involved in it: To suppose that the earth is the only populated world in the infinite space is as absurd as to assert that in an entire field of millet only one grain will grow. (A) Astronomical (B) Anthropological (C) Deductive (D) Analogical

Description : Consider the following statement and select the correct code stating the nature of the argument involved in it: To suppose that the earth is the only populated world in the infinite space is as absurd ... only one grain will grow. (A) Astronomical (B) Anthropological (C) Deductive (D) Analogical

Last Answer : (D) Analogical

Consider the argument given below: ‘Pre - employment testing of teachers is quite fair because doctors, architects and engineers who are now employed had to face such a testing.’ What type of argument it is? (A) Deductive (B) Analogical (C) Psychological (D) Biological

Description : Consider the argument given below: ‘Pre - employment testing of teachers is quite fair because doctors, architects and engineers who are now employed had to face such a testing.’ What type of argument it is? (A) Deductive (B) Analogical (C) Psychological (D) Biological

Last Answer : Answer: B

A deductive argument is invalid if: (A) Its premises and conclusions are all true (B) Its premises and conclusions are all false (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false (D) Its premises are false but its conclusion is true

Description : A deductive argument is invalid if: (A) Its premises and conclusions are all true (B) Its premises and conclusions are all false (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false (D) Its premises are false but its conclusion is true

Last Answer : (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false

“A man ought no more to value himself for being wiser than a woman if he owes his advantage to a better education, than he ought to boast of his courage for beating a man when his hands were tied.” The above passage is an instance of (A) Deductive argument (B) Hypothetical argument (C) Analogical argument (D) Factual argument

Description : A man ought no more to value himself for being wiser than a woman if he owes his advantage to a better education, than he ought to boast of his courage for beating a man when his hands ... an instance of (A) Deductive argument (B) Hypothetical argument (C) Analogical argument (D) Factual argument

Last Answer : (C) Analogical argument

Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (i) and (ii). Statement: India should have a very strong and powerful Lokpal. Arguments: (i) Yes, it will go a long in eliminating corruption in bureaucracy. (ii) No, it will discourage honest officers from making quick decisions. Codes: (A) Only argument (i) is strong. (B) Only argument (ii) is strong. (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Description : Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (i) and (ii). Statement: India should have a very strong and powerful Lokpal. Arguments: (i) Yes, it will go a long in eliminating corruption in ... . (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Last Answer : (A) Only argument (i) is strong. 

Saturn and Mars are planets like the earth. They borrow light from the Sun and moves around the Sun as the Earth does. So those planets are inhabited by various orders of creatures as the earth is. What type of argument is contained in the above passage ? (A) Deductive (B) Astrological (C) Analogical (D) Mathematical

Description : Saturn and Mars are planets like the earth. They borrow light from the Sun and moves around the Sun as the Earth does. So those planets are inhabited by various orders of creatures as the earth is ... is contained in the above passage ? (A) Deductive (B) Astrological (C) Analogical (D) Mathematical

Last Answer : (C) Analogical