When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, that group of propositions is called (A) An argument (B) A valid argument (C) An explanation (D) An invalid argument

When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, that group of propositions is called (A) An argument (B) A valid argument (C) An explanation (D) An invalid argument
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Answer :

(A) An argument
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A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called (A) An inference (B) An argument (C) An explanation (D) A valid argument

Description : A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called (A) An inference (B) An argument (C) An explanation (D) A valid argument

Last Answer : Answer: B

If the proposition ‘All thieves are poor’ is false, which of the following propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) Some thieves are poor. (B) Some thieves are not poor. (C) No thief is poor. (D) No poor person is a thief

Description : If the proposition ‘All thieves are poor’ is false, which of the following propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) Some thieves are poor. (B) Some thieves are not poor. (C) No thief is poor. (D) No poor person is a thief

Last Answer : (B) Some thieves are not poor.

If the proposition ‘No men are honest’ is taken to be false which of the following proposition/propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) All men are honest (B) Some men are honest (C) Some men are not honest (D) No honest person is man

Description : If the proposition ‘No men are honest’ is taken to be false which of the following proposition/propositions can be claimed certainly to be true? Propositions: (A) All men are honest (B) Some men are honest (C) Some men are not honest (D) No honest person is man 

Last Answer : (B) Some men are honest 

Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning: (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment (B) The conclusion should be supported by the premise/premises (C) The conclusion must follow from the premise/premises necessarily (D) The argument may be valid or invalid

Description : Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning: (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment ( ... must follow from the premise/premises necessarily (D) The argument may be valid or invalid

Last Answer : (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment

Select the code, which is not correct about Venn diagram: (A) Venn diagram represents propositions as well as classes. (B) It can provide clear method of notation. (C) It can be either valid or invalid. (D) It can provide the direct method of testing the validity.

Description : Select the code, which is not correct about Venn diagram: (A) Venn diagram represents propositions as well as classes. (B) It can provide clear method of notation. (C) It can be either valid or invalid. (D) It can provide the direct method of testing the validity.

Last Answer : (C) It can be either valid or invalid. 

Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a deductive type of argument ? (A) The conclusion follows from the premise/premises necessarily. (B) The argument admits degree of complexity. (C) The argument provides us knowledge about matters of fact. (D) The argument must be either valid or invalid.

Description : Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a deductive type of argument ? (A) The conclusion follows from the premise/premises necessarily. (B) The argument admits degree of complexity. ( ... provides us knowledge about matters of fact. (D) The argument must be either valid or invalid.

Last Answer : (C) The argument provides us knowledge about matters of fact.

Which of the following statements are true? Choose from the codes given below. 1. Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid. 2. A sound argument may be invalid. 3. A cogent argument may have a probably false conclusion. 4. A statement may be true or false. Codes: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C) 4 alone (D) 3 and 4

Description : Which of the following statements are true? Choose from the codes given below. 1. Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid. 2. A sound argument may be invalid. 3. A cogent argument may have a probably false ... Codes: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C) 4 alone (D) 3 and 4

Last Answer : (D) 3 and 4

Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character. (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from its premises. (B) The conclusion is based on causal relation. (C) The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises. (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment

Description : Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character. (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from ... conclusively follows from its premises. (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment

Last Answer : (C) The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises. 

Logical reasoning is based on: (A) Truth of involved propositions (B) Valid relation among the involved propositions (C) Employment of symbolic language (D) Employment of ordinary language

Description : Logical reasoning is based on: (A) Truth of involved propositions (B) Valid relation among the involved propositions (C) Employment of symbolic language (D) Employment of ordinary language

Last Answer : (B) Valid relation among the involved propositions

Select the code which states the condition of an invalid deductive argument : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (B) Some of the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (C) All the premises are false and the conclusion is also false. (D) All the premises are true and the conclusion is also true.

Description : Select the code which states the condition of an invalid deductive argument : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (B) Some of the premises are true but the conclusion is false. ... the conclusion is also false. (D) All the premises are true and the conclusion is also true.

Last Answer : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. 

A deductive argument is invalid if: (A) Its premises and conclusions are all true (B) Its premises and conclusions are all false (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false (D) Its premises are false but its conclusion is true

Description : A deductive argument is invalid if: (A) Its premises and conclusions are all true (B) Its premises and conclusions are all false (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false (D) Its premises are false but its conclusion is true

Last Answer : (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false

Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements? Select the code: Statements: (a) Venn diagram represents the arguments graphically. (b) Venn diagram can enhance our understanding. (c) Venn diagram may be called valid or invalid. (d) Venn diagram is clear method of notation. Codes: (A) (a), (c) and (d) (B) (a), (b) and (c) (C) (a), (b) and (d) (D) (b), (c) and (d)

Description : Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements? Select the code: Statements: (a) Venn diagram represents the arguments graphically. (b) Venn diagram can enhance our understanding. (c) Venn diagram may be called valid or ... and (c) (C) (a), (b) and (d) (D) (b), (c) and (d)

Last Answer : Answer: C 

All Indians are hardworking All Keralites are Indians Therefore, All Keralites are hardworking The above argument is A) Invalid B) False C) Valid D) True

Description : All Indians are hardworking All Keralites are Indians Therefore, All Keralites are hardworking The above argument is A) Invalid B) False C) Valid D) True 

Last Answer : C) Valid 

The following argument: “ All mammals have wings. All reptiles are mammals. Therefore all reptiles have wings ”. A) Inductive B) invalid C) sound D) Valid.

Description : The following argument:  “ All mammals have wings.  All reptiles are mammals.  Therefore all reptiles have wings ”. A) Inductive  B) invalid  C) sound  D) Valid. 

Last Answer :  D) Valid. 

A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is A) valid and all its premises are true B) invalid and all its premises are true C) is valid and one of the premise is false D) is valid and its conclusion is false.

Description : A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is A) valid and all its premises are true B) invalid and all its premises are true C) is valid and one of the premise is false D) is valid and its conclusion is false. 

Last Answer : A) valid and all its premises are true 

If it is possible for the premises of a deductive argument to be true and its conclusion to be false, that argument is A) Valid B) Invalid C) Indescribable D) Sound.

Description : If it is possible for the premises of a deductive argument to be true and its conclusion to be false, that argument is A) Valid B) Invalid C) Indescribable D) Sound.  

Last Answer : B) Invalid

Select the code, which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two premises: (A) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion may be valid. (B) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may be valid. (C) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a true conclusion may be valid. (D) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may be valid.

Description : Select the code, which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two premises: (A) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion may be valid. (B) An argument ... may be valid. (D) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may be valid. 

Last Answer : (B) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may be valid. 

A deductive argument can not be valid : (A) If its premise / premises is/are true and its conclusion is true. (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false. (C) If its premise / premises is/are false and its conclusion is false. (D) If its premise / premises is / are false and its conclusion is true.

Description : A deductive argument can not be valid : (A) If its premise / premises is/are true and its conclusion is true. (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false. (C) If ... conclusion is false. (D) If its premise / premises is / are false and its conclusion is true.

Last Answer : (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false

Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below : 1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general. 2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong. 3. A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion. 4. An argument may legitimately be spoken of as ‘true’ or ‘false’. Code : (A) 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 1 and 2

Description : Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below : 1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general. 2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong. 3. A valid argument may have a ... (A) 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 1 and 2

Last Answer : (C) 2 and 4

A deductive argument is valid if: (A) premises are false and conclusion true (B) premises are false and conclusion is also false (C) premises are true and conclusion is false (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

Description : A deductive argument is valid if: (A) premises are false and conclusion true (B) premises are false and conclusion is also false (C) premises are true and conclusion is false (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

Last Answer : (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

The premises of a valid deductive argument: (A) Provide some evidence for its conclusion (B) Provide no evidence for its conclusion (C) Are irrelevant for its conclusion (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

Description : The premises of a valid deductive argument: (A) Provide some evidence for its conclusion (B) Provide no evidence for its conclusion (C) Are irrelevant for its conclusion (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

Last Answer : (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

The process by which one proposition is arrived at on the basis of other propositions is called-----------. A) Term B) Concept C) Inference D) Connotation.

Description : The process by which one proposition is arrived at on the basis of other propositions is called-----------. A) Term B) Concept C) Inference D) Connotation.

Last Answer :  C) Inference 

A syllogism in which the major premise is a hypothetical proposition, the minor and the conclusion are categorical propositions is a_______. A) Categorical syllogism B) Hypothetical syllogism C) Disjunctive syllogism D) Dilemma.

Description : A syllogism in which the major premise is a hypothetical proposition, the minor and the conclusion are categorical propositions is a_______. A) Categorical syllogism B) Hypothetical syllogism C) Disjunctive syllogism D) Dilemma. 

Last Answer : B) Hypothetical syllogism 

Horn clauses are special kinds of propositions which can be described as (A) Single atomic proposition on left side. (B) Single or multiple atomic proposition on left side. (C) A single atomic proposition on left side and a single atomic proposition on right side. (D) A single atomic proposition on left side or an empty left side.

Description : Horn clauses are special kinds of propositions which can be described as (A) Single atomic proposition on left side. (B) Single or multiple atomic proposition on left side. (C) A single atomic ... proposition on right side. (D) A single atomic proposition on left side or an empty left side.

Last Answer : (D) A single atomic proposition on left side or an empty left side.

Which of the following shall be a compound proposition involving the propositions p, q and r, that is true when exactly two of the p, q and r are true and is false otherwise? (A) (p∨q∧˥r) ∨ (p∨q∧r) ∧ (˥p∧q∨r) (B) (p∧q∨r) ∧ (p∧q∧r) ∨ (˥q∨˥p∧˥r) (C) (p∧q∧˥r) ∨ (p∨˥q∧r) ∨ (˥p∧q∧r) (D) (p∨r∧q) ∨ (p∧q∧r) ∨ (˥p∧q∧r)

Description : Which of the following shall be a compound proposition involving the propositions p, q and r, that is true when exactly two of the p, q and r are true and is false otherwise? (A) (p∨q∧˥r) ∨ (p∨q∧r) ∧ (˥p∧q∨r) (B) ... ) ∨ (˥q∨˥p∧˥r) (C) (p∧q∧˥r) ∨ (p∨˥q∧r) ∨ (˥p∧q∧r) (D) (p∨r∧q) ∨ (p∧q∧r) ∨ (˥p∧q∧r) 

Last Answer : (C) (p∧q∧˥r) ∨ (p∨˥q∧r) ∨ (˥p∧q∧r)

The proposition: “Socrates is wise”, is an example for ___________ proposition. A) negative B) singular C) emotive D) invalid.

Description : The proposition: “Socrates is wise”, is an example for ___________ proposition. A) negative B) singular C) emotive D) invalid.

Last Answer : B) singular 

If two propositions are connected in such a way that they cannot both be false although they may both be true, then their relationship is called (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subalternation

Description : If two propositions are connected in such a way that they cannot both be false although they may both be true, then their relationship is called (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subalternation

Last Answer : (B) Subcontrary

If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms can both be true but cannot both be false, the relation between those two propositions is called (A) contradictory (B) contrary (C) subcontrary (D) subaltern

Description : If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms can both be true but cannot both be false, the relation between those two propositions is called (A) contradictory (B) contrary (C) subcontrary (D) subaltern

Last Answer : (C) subcontrary

If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms are such that one is the denial of the other, the relationship between them is called (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Sub-contrary (D) Sub-alternation

Description : If two propositions having the same subject and predicate terms are such that one is the denial of the other, the relationship between them is called (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Sub-contrary (D) Sub-alternation

Last Answer : (A) Contradictory

Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that they cannot both be true but can both be false. Select the code that states those two propositions. Propositions: (a) Every student is attentive. (b) Some students are attentive (c) Students are never attentive (d) Some students are not attentive (A) (a) and (b) (B) (a) and (c) (C) (b) and (c) (D) (c) and (d)

Description : Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that they cannot both be true but can both be false. Select the code that states those two propositions. Propositions: (a) Every student is attentive. (b) Some students are ... ) (a) and (c) (C) (b) and (c) (D) (c) and (d)

Last Answer : Answer: B 

If two standard form categorical propositions with the same subject and predicate are related in such a manner that if one is undetermined the other must be undetermined, what is their relation? (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subaltern

Description : If two standard form categorical propositions with the same subject and predicate are related in such a manner that if one is undetermined the other must be undetermined, what is their relation? (A) Contrary (B) Subcontrary (C) Contradictory (D) Subaltern 

Last Answer : (C) Contradictory

Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code: Propositions: (a) All women are equal to men (b) Some women are equal to men (c) Some women are not equal to men (d) No women are equal to men Codes: (A) (a) and (b) (B) (a) and (d) (C) (c) and (d) (D) (a) and (c)

Description : Among the following propositions two are related in such a way that one is the denial of the other. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code: Propositions: (a) All women are equal to men (b) Some women are equal to ... (b) (B) (a) and (d) (C) (c) and (d) (D) (a) and (c)

Last Answer : Answer: D

Among the following propositions two arc related in such a way that they can both be true although they cannot both be false. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code. Propositions: (a) Some priests are cunning. (b) No priest is cunning. (c) All priests are cunning. (d) Some priests are not cunning. Codes: (A) (a) and (b) (B) (c) and (d) (C) (a) and (c) (D) (a) and (d)

Description : Among the following propositions two arc related in such a way that they can both be true although they cannot both be false. Which are those propositions? Select the correct code. Propositions: (a) Some priests are cunning. (b) No priest ... (b) (B) (c) and (d) (C) (a) and (c) (D) (a) and (d)

Last Answer : Answer: D

If two propositions cannot both be false but may both be true, what is the relation between the two propositions ? (A) Contrary (B) Sub-contrary (C) Sub-alternation (D) Contradictory

Description : If two propositions cannot both be false but may both be true, what is the relation between the two propositions ? (A) Contrary (B) Sub-contrary (C) Sub-alternation (D) Contradictory

Last Answer : (B) Sub-contrary

Two propositions with the same subject and predicate terms but different in quality are: (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Subaltern (D) Identical

Description : Two propositions with the same subject and predicate terms but different in quality are: (A) Contradictory (B) Contrary (C) Subaltern (D) Identical

Last Answer : (C) Subaltern

By which of the following proposition, the proposition “wise men are hardly afraid of death” is contradicted? (A) Some wise men are afraid of death. (B) All wise men are afraid of death. (C) No wise men is afraid of death. (D) Some wise men are not afraid of death.

Description : By which of the following proposition, the proposition “wise men are hardly afraid of death” is contradicted? (A) Some wise men are afraid of death. (B) All wise men are afraid of death. (C) No wise men is afraid of death. (D) Some wise men are not afraid of death.

Last Answer : (B) All wise men are afraid of death. 

By which of the following proposition, the proposition ‘some men are not honest’ is contradicted? (A) All men are honest. (B) Some men are honest. (C) No men are honest. (D) All of the above.

Description : By which of the following proposition, the proposition ‘some men are not honest’ is contradicted? (A) All men are honest. (B) Some men are honest. (C) No men are honest. (D) All of the above.

Last Answer : (A) All men are honest.

If the proposition “Vegetarians are not meat eaters” is false, then which of the following inferences is correct ? Choose from the codes given below : 1. “Some vegetarians are meat eaters” is true. 2. “All vegetarians are meat eaters” is doubtful. 3. “Some vegetarians are not meat eaters” is true. 4. “Some vegetarians are not meat eaters” is doubtful. Codes: (A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 2, 3 and 4 (C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4

Description : If the proposition Vegetarians are not meat eaters is false, then which of the following inferences is correct ? Choose from the codes given below : 1. Some vegetarians are meat eaters is true. 2. All vegetarians are meat eaters is ... , 2 and 3 (B) 2, 3 and 4 (C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4

Last Answer : (A) 1, 2 and 3

“E” denotes: (A) Universal Negative Proposition (B) Particular Affirmative Proposition (C) Universal Affirmative Proposition (D) Particular Negative Proposition

Description : “E” denotes: (A) Universal Negative Proposition (B) Particular Affirmative Proposition (C) Universal Affirmative Proposition (D) Particular Negative Proposition

Last Answer : Answer: A Explanation: Classification of Propositions: (a) Universal Affirmative Proposition – A type (b) Universal Negative Proposition – E type (c) Particular Affirmative Proposition – I type (d) Particular Negative Proposition – O type

Copula is that part of proposition which denotes the relationship between: (A) Subject and predicate (B) Known and unknown (C) Major premise and minor premise (D) Subject and object

Description : Copula is that part of proposition which denotes the relationship between: (A) Subject and predicate (B) Known and unknown (C) Major premise and minor premise (D) Subject and object

Last Answer : Answer: A

Propositions which supports the conclusion of an argument are called A) Inferences B) Premises C) Terms D) Concepts.

Description : Propositions which supports the conclusion of an argument are called  A) Inferences B) Premises C) Terms D) Concepts.

Last Answer : B) Premises 

If the statement ‘None but the brave wins the race’ is false which of the following statements can be claimed to be true? Select the correct code: (A) All brave persons win the race (B) Some persons who win the race are not brave (C) Some persons who win the race are brave (D) No person who wins the race is brave

Description : If the statement None but the brave wins the race' is false which of the following statements can be claimed to be true? Select the correct code: (A) All brave persons win the race (B) Some persons who ... brave (C) Some persons who win the race are brave (D) No person who wins the race is brave

Last Answer : (A) All brave persons win the race

If the statement ‘most of the students are obedient’ is taken to be true, which one of the following pair of statements can be claimed to be true? I. All obedient persons are students. II. All students are obedient. III. Some students are obedient. IV. Some students are not disobedient. Codes : (A) I & II (B) II & III (C) III & IV (D) II & IV

Description : If the statement most of the students are obedient' is taken to be true, which one of the following pair of statements can be claimed to be true? I. All obedient persons are students. II. All students are obedient. III. Some ... Codes : (A) I & II (B) II & III (C) III & IV (D) II & IV

Last Answer : (C) III & IV

Both premises and conclusion of an argument are _______. A) Commands B) Propositions C) Exclamations D) Questions.

Description : Both premises and conclusion of an argument are _______. A) Commands B) Propositions C) Exclamations  D) Questions.  

Last Answer : B) Propositions 

The verbal expression of reasoning is called---------. A) an argument B) a term C) a proposition D) a concept

Description : The verbal expression of reasoning is called---------. A) an argument B) a term C) a proposition D) a concept

Last Answer : A) an argument 

The verbal expression of a judgment is called ----------. A) Argument B) Term C) Proposition D) Reasoning

Description : The verbal expression of a judgment is called ----------. A) Argument B) Term C) Proposition D) Reasoning

Last Answer : C) Proposition 

The verbal expression of a concept is called a --------. A) Proposition B) Argument C) Judgment D) Term

Description : The verbal expression of a concept is called a --------. A) Proposition B) Argument C) Judgment D) Term

Last Answer : D) Term

Words and names can become terms only if they are used in---------. A) an argument B) proposition C) thought D) reasoning.

Description : Words and names can become terms only if they are used in---------. A) an argument B) proposition C) thought D) reasoning. 

Last Answer :  B) proposition