Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below : 1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general. 2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong. 3. A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion. 4. An argument may legitimately be spoken of as ‘true’ or ‘false’. Code : (A) 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 1 and 2

Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below :

1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general.

2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong.

3. A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion.

4. An argument may legitimately be spoken of as ‘true’ or ‘false’.

Code :

(A) 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1 and 3

(C) 2 and 4 (D) 1 and 2
by

1 Answer

Answer :

(C) 2 and 4
by

Related questions

Which of the following statements are true? Choose from the codes given below. 1. Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid. 2. A sound argument may be invalid. 3. A cogent argument may have a probably false conclusion. 4. A statement may be true or false. Codes: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C) 4 alone (D) 3 and 4

Description : Which of the following statements are true? Choose from the codes given below. 1. Some arguments, while not completely valid, are almost valid. 2. A sound argument may be invalid. 3. A cogent argument may have a probably false ... Codes: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4 (C) 4 alone (D) 3 and 4

Last Answer : (D) 3 and 4

Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning: (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment (B) The conclusion should be supported by the premise/premises (C) The conclusion must follow from the premise/premises necessarily (D) The argument may be valid or invalid

Description : Given below are some characteristics of reasoning. Select the code that states a characteristic which is not of deductive reasoning: (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment ( ... must follow from the premise/premises necessarily (D) The argument may be valid or invalid

Last Answer : (A) The conclusion must be based on observation and experiment

Choose the right code: A deductive argument claims that: I. The conclusion does not claim something more than that which is contained in the premises. II. The conclusion is supported by the premise/premises conclusively. III. If the conclusion is false, then premise/premises may be either true or false. IV. If premise/combination of premises is true, then conclusion must be true. Codes : (A) I and II (B) I and III (C) II and III (D) All the above

Description : Choose the right code: A deductive argument claims that: I. The conclusion does not claim something more than that which is contained in the premises. II. The conclusion is supported by the premise/premises conclusively. III. If ... (A) I and II (B) I and III (C) II and III (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: A

Select the code, which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two premises: (A) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion may be valid. (B) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may be valid. (C) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a true conclusion may be valid. (D) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may be valid.

Description : Select the code, which is not correct in the context of deductive argument with two premises: (A) An argument with one true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion may be valid. (B) An argument ... may be valid. (D) An argument with two false premises and a false conclusion may be valid. 

Last Answer : (B) An argument with two true premises and a false conclusion may be valid. 

A deductive argument can not be valid : (A) If its premise / premises is/are true and its conclusion is true. (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false. (C) If its premise / premises is/are false and its conclusion is false. (D) If its premise / premises is / are false and its conclusion is true.

Description : A deductive argument can not be valid : (A) If its premise / premises is/are true and its conclusion is true. (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false. (C) If ... conclusion is false. (D) If its premise / premises is / are false and its conclusion is true.

Last Answer : (B) If its premise / premises is /are true and its conclusion is false

The falsehood of a valid deductive argument’s conclusion guarantees that A) the argument is sound B) atleast one of the premise is false C) premises are true D) the validity is uncertain.

Description : The falsehood of a valid deductive argument’s conclusion guarantees that A) the argument is sound B) atleast one of the premise is false C) premises are true D) the validity is uncertain. 

Last Answer : B) atleast one of the premise is false 

Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a deductive type of argument ? (A) The conclusion follows from the premise/premises necessarily. (B) The argument admits degree of complexity. (C) The argument provides us knowledge about matters of fact. (D) The argument must be either valid or invalid.

Description : Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a deductive type of argument ? (A) The conclusion follows from the premise/premises necessarily. (B) The argument admits degree of complexity. ( ... provides us knowledge about matters of fact. (D) The argument must be either valid or invalid.

Last Answer : (C) The argument provides us knowledge about matters of fact.

When the conclusion of an argument follows from its premise/premises conclusively, the argument is called (A) Circular argument (B) Inductive argument (C) Deductive argument (D) Analogical argument

Description : When the conclusion of an argument follows from its premise/premises conclusively, the argument is called (A) Circular argument (B) Inductive argument (C) Deductive argument (D) Analogical argument

Last Answer : (C) Deductive argument

Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character. (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from its premises. (B) The conclusion is based on causal relation. (C) The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises. (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment

Description : Given below are some characteristics of logical argument. Select the code which expresses a characteristic which is not of inductive in character. (A) The conclusion is claimed to follow from ... conclusively follows from its premises. (D) The conclusion is based on observation and experiment

Last Answer : (C) The conclusion conclusively follows from its premises. 

Inductive logic studies the way in which a premise may (A) support and entail a conclusion (B) not support but entail a conclusion (C) neither support nor entail a conclusion (D) support a conclusion without entailing it

Description : Inductive logic studies the way in which a premise may (A) support and entail a conclusion (B) not support but entail a conclusion (C) neither support nor entail a conclusion (D) support a conclusion without entailing it

Last Answer : (D) support a conclusion without entailing it

Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements? Select the code: Statements: (a) Venn diagram represents the arguments graphically. (b) Venn diagram can enhance our understanding. (c) Venn diagram may be called valid or invalid. (d) Venn diagram is clear method of notation. Codes: (A) (a), (c) and (d) (B) (a), (b) and (c) (C) (a), (b) and (d) (D) (b), (c) and (d)

Description : Which of the codes given below contains only the correct statements? Select the code: Statements: (a) Venn diagram represents the arguments graphically. (b) Venn diagram can enhance our understanding. (c) Venn diagram may be called valid or ... and (c) (C) (a), (b) and (d) (D) (b), (c) and (d)

Last Answer : Answer: C 

A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is A) valid and all its premises are true B) invalid and all its premises are true C) is valid and one of the premise is false D) is valid and its conclusion is false.

Description : A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is A) valid and all its premises are true B) invalid and all its premises are true C) is valid and one of the premise is false D) is valid and its conclusion is false. 

Last Answer : A) valid and all its premises are true 

A deductive argument is valid if: (A) premises are false and conclusion true (B) premises are false and conclusion is also false (C) premises are true and conclusion is false (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

Description : A deductive argument is valid if: (A) premises are false and conclusion true (B) premises are false and conclusion is also false (C) premises are true and conclusion is false (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

Last Answer : (D) premises are true and conclusion is true

Select the code which states the condition of an invalid deductive argument : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (B) Some of the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (C) All the premises are false and the conclusion is also false. (D) All the premises are true and the conclusion is also true.

Description : Select the code which states the condition of an invalid deductive argument : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. (B) Some of the premises are true but the conclusion is false. ... the conclusion is also false. (D) All the premises are true and the conclusion is also true.

Last Answer : (A) All the premises are true but the conclusion is false. 

The premises of a valid deductive argument: (A) Provide some evidence for its conclusion (B) Provide no evidence for its conclusion (C) Are irrelevant for its conclusion (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

Description : The premises of a valid deductive argument: (A) Provide some evidence for its conclusion (B) Provide no evidence for its conclusion (C) Are irrelevant for its conclusion (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

Last Answer : (D) Provide conclusive evidence for its conclusion

If the statement 'some men are honest' is false, which among the following statements will be true Choose the correct code given below: (i) All men are honest (ii) No men are honest (iii) Some men are not honest (iv) All men are dishonest Codes: (A) (i), (ii) and (iii) (B) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (C) (i), (iii) and (iv) (D) (ii), (i) and (iv)

Description : If the statement 'some men are honest' is false, which among the following statements will be true Choose the correct code given below: (i) All men are honest (ii) No men are honest (iii) Some men are not honest (iv) All men ... ), (iii) and (iv) (C) (i), (iii) and (iv) (D) (ii), (i) and (iv)

Last Answer : Answer: B

Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (i) and (ii). Statement: India should have a very strong and powerful Lokpal. Arguments: (i) Yes, it will go a long in eliminating corruption in bureaucracy. (ii) No, it will discourage honest officers from making quick decisions. Codes: (A) Only argument (i) is strong. (B) Only argument (ii) is strong. (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Description : Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (i) and (ii). Statement: India should have a very strong and powerful Lokpal. Arguments: (i) Yes, it will go a long in eliminating corruption in ... . (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Last Answer : (A) Only argument (i) is strong. 

Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (I) and (II): Statement: Should persons with criminal background be banned from contesting elections? Arguments: (I) Yes, it will decriminalize politics. (II) No, it will encourage the ruling party to file frivolous cases against their political opponents. (A) Only argument (I) is strong. (B) Only argument (II) is strong. (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Description : Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (I) and (II): Statement: Should persons with criminal background be banned from contesting elections? Arguments: (I) Yes, it will decriminalize ... strong. (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Last Answer : (A) Only argument (I) is strong. 

Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (I) and (II): Statement: Should India switch over to a two party system? Arguments: (I) Yes, it will lead to stability of Government. (II) No, it will limit the choice of voters. (A) Only argument (I) is strong. (B) Only argument (II) is strong; (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Description : Consider the statement which is followed by two arguments (I) and (II): Statement: Should India switch over to a two party system? Arguments: (I) Yes, it will lead to stability of Government. (II) No, ... (II) is strong; (C) Both the arguments are strong. (D) Neither of the arguments is strong.

Last Answer : (C) Both the arguments are strong.

Inductive arguments are properly characterised as A) valid-invalid B) strong-weak C) definite-indefinite D) certain-uncertain.

Description : Inductive arguments are properly characterised as A) valid-invalid B) strong-weak C) definite-indefinite D) certain-uncertain. 

Last Answer : B) strong-weak 

A deductive argument is invalid if: (A) Its premises and conclusions are all true (B) Its premises and conclusions are all false (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false (D) Its premises are false but its conclusion is true

Description : A deductive argument is invalid if: (A) Its premises and conclusions are all true (B) Its premises and conclusions are all false (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false (D) Its premises are false but its conclusion is true

Last Answer : (C) Its premises are true but its conclusion is false

Which of the following statement/s are ALWAYS FALSE ? (i) The sun will not rise in the East some day. (ii) A wooden table is not a table. (iii) Delhi city will be drowned under water. (iv) Cars run on water as fuel. Choose the correct answer from the code given below : Code : (A) (i), (iii) and (iv) (B) Only (iii) (C) (i), (ii) and (iii) (D) (ii) alone

Description : Which of the following statement/s are ALWAYS FALSE ? (i) The sun will not rise in the East some day. (ii) A wooden table is not a table. (iii) Delhi city will be drowned under water. (iv) Cars run on water as fuel. ... i), (iii) and (iv) (B) Only (iii) (C) (i), (ii) and (iii) (D) (ii) alone

Last Answer : (D) (ii) alone

If one premise is particular the conclusion must be_________. A) Universal B) Negative C) Affirmative D) Particular.

Description : If one premise is particular the conclusion must be_________. A) Universal B) Negative C) Affirmative D) Particular. 

Last Answer : D) Particular.  

Select the code which is not correct : An analogical argument is strengthened by (A) increasing the number of entities. (B) increasing the number of similar respects. (C) reducing the claim made earlier stronger. (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged.

Description : Select the code which is not correct :  An analogical argument is strengthened by (A) increasing the number of entities. (B) increasing the number of similar respects. (C) reducing the claim made earlier stronger. (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged.

Last Answer : (D) making the conclusion stronger when premises remain unchanged. 

If it is possible for the premises of a deductive argument to be true and its conclusion to be false, that argument is A) Valid B) Invalid C) Indescribable D) Sound.

Description : If it is possible for the premises of a deductive argument to be true and its conclusion to be false, that argument is A) Valid B) Invalid C) Indescribable D) Sound.  

Last Answer : B) Invalid

Which of the following statements are always true ? (a) A wooden table is a table (b) Now, it is raining or not raining (c) The sun rises in the East every day (d) A chicken comes out of a hen's egg Choose the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes: (A) (a) and (c) (B) (a), (c) and (d) (C) (a) and (b) (D) (b) and (c)

Description : Which of the following statements are always true ? (a) A wooden table is a table (b) Now, it is raining or not raining (c) The sun rises in the East every day (d) A chicken comes out of a hen's egg Choose the correct answer ... and (c) (B) (a), (c) and (d) (C) (a) and (b) (D) (b) and (c)

Last Answer : Answer: B

Given below are two premises and four conclusions drawn from those premises. Select the code that expresses conclusion drawn validly from the premises (separately or jointly). Premises: (a) All dogs are mammals. (b) No cats are dogs. Conclusions: (i) No cats are mammals (ii) Some cats are mammals. (iii) No Dogs are cats (iv) No dogs are non-mammals. Codes: (A) (i) only (B) (i) and (ii) (C) (iii) and (iv) (D) (ii) and (iii)

Description : Given below are two premises and four conclusions drawn from those premises. Select the code that expresses conclusion drawn validly from the premises (separately or jointly). Premises: (a) All dogs are mammals. (b) No cats are ... ) (i) and (ii) (C) (iii) and (iv) (D) (ii) and (iii)

Last Answer : Answer: C

A reasoning where we start with certain particular statements and conclude with a universal statement is called (A) Deductive Reasoning (B) Inductive Reasoning (C) Abnormal Reasoning (D) Transcendental Reasoning

Description : A reasoning where we start with certain particular statements and conclude with a universal statement is called (A) Deductive Reasoning (B) Inductive Reasoning (C) Abnormal Reasoning (D) Transcendental Reasoning

Last Answer : (D) Transcendental Reasoning

Can a valid deductive argument have a false conclusion?

Description : Can a valid deductive argument have a false conclusion?

Last Answer : Feel Free to Answer

Which of the following statements are mutually contradictory ? (i) All flowers are not fragrant. (ii) Most flowers are not fragrant. (iii) None of the flowers is fragrant. (iv) Most flowers are fragrant. Choose the correct answer from the code given below : Code : (A) (i) and (ii) (B) (i) and (iii) (C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (iii) and (iv)

Description : Which of the following statements are mutually contradictory ? (i) All flowers are not fragrant. (ii) Most flowers are not fragrant. (iii) None of the flowers is fragrant. (iv) Most flowers are fragrant. Choose the correct answer ... ii) (B) (i) and (iii) (C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (iii) and (iv)

Last Answer : (D) (iii) and (iv) 

Assertion (A): Learning is a life long process. Reason (R): Learning to be useful must be linked with life processes. Choose the correct Answer from the following code (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Description : Assertion (A): Learning is a life long process. Reason (R): Learning to be useful must be linked with life processes. Choose the correct Answer from the following code (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct ... (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Last Answer : Answer: B

In a deductive argument conclusion is: (A) Summing up of the premises (B) Not necessarily based on premises (C) Entailed by the premises (D) Additional to the premises

Description : In a deductive argument conclusion is: (A) Summing up of the premises (B) Not necessarily based on premises (C) Entailed by the premises (D) Additional to the premises

Last Answer : (C) Entailed by the premises

The claim of an inductive argument is that premises provide---------- for the conclusion. A) invalidity B) absolute evidence C) no evidence D) some evidence

Description : The claim of an inductive argument is that premises provide---------- for the conclusion. A) invalidity B) absolute evidence C) no evidence D) some evidence 

Last Answer : D) some evidence 

The premises provide conclusive grounds for the conclusion in ----------- argument. A) Inductive B) Deductive C) Fallacious D) Intuitive

Description : The premises provide conclusive grounds for the conclusion in ----------- argument. A) Inductive B) Deductive C) Fallacious D) Intuitive

Last Answer : B) Deductive

An advantage of inductive reasoning is A) to sustain existing beliefs B) to formulate valid arguments C) to create aesthetic sense D) to frame future expectations.

Description : An advantage of inductive reasoning is A) to sustain existing beliefs B) to formulate valid arguments C) to create aesthetic sense D) to frame future expectations.

Last Answer : D) to frame future expectations.

Assertion (A): Teaching aids have to be considered as effective supplements to instruction. Reason (R): They keep the students in good humour. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Description : Assertion (A): Teaching aids have to be considered as effective supplements to instruction. Reason (R): They keep the students in good humour. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (A) Both (A ... ) is true, but (R) is false. (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Last Answer : Answer: B

If the proposition “Vegetarians are not meat eaters” is false, then which of the following inferences is correct ? Choose from the codes given below : 1. “Some vegetarians are meat eaters” is true. 2. “All vegetarians are meat eaters” is doubtful. 3. “Some vegetarians are not meat eaters” is true. 4. “Some vegetarians are not meat eaters” is doubtful. Codes: (A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 2, 3 and 4 (C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4

Description : If the proposition Vegetarians are not meat eaters is false, then which of the following inferences is correct ? Choose from the codes given below : 1. Some vegetarians are meat eaters is true. 2. All vegetarians are meat eaters is ... , 2 and 3 (B) 2, 3 and 4 (C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2 and 4

Last Answer : (A) 1, 2 and 3

From the given four statements, select the two which cannot be true but yet both can be false. Choose the right pair: (i) All men are mortal (ii) Some men are mortal (iii) No man is mortal (iv) Some men are not mortal (A) (i) and (ii) (B) (iii) and (iv) (C) (i) and (iii) (D) (ii) and (iv)

Description : From the given four statements, select the two which cannot be true but yet both can be false. Choose the right pair: (i) All men are mortal (ii) Some men are mortal (iii) No man is mortal (iv) Some men are not mortal (A) (i) and (ii) (B) (iii) and (iv) (C) (i) and (iii) (D) (ii) and (iv)

Last Answer : Answer: D

Deductive reasoning proceeds from (A) general to particular (B) particular to general (C) one general conclusion to another general conclusion (D) one particular conclusion to another particular conclusion

Description : Deductive reasoning proceeds from (A) general to particular (B) particular to general (C) one general conclusion to another general conclusion (D) one particular conclusion to another particular conclusion

Last Answer : (A) general to particular

If one premise is negative the conclusion must be________. A) Negative B) Positive C) Both negative and positive D) Neither negative nor positive.

Description : If one premise is negative the conclusion must be________. A) Negative B) Positive C) Both negative and positive D) Neither negative nor positive. 

Last Answer : A) Negative 

A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called (A) An inference (B) An argument (C) An explanation (D) A valid argument

Description : A Cluster of propositions with a structure that exhibits some inference is called (A) An inference (B) An argument (C) An explanation (D) A valid argument

Last Answer : Answer: B

When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, that group of propositions is called (A) An argument (B) A valid argument (C) An explanation (D) An invalid argument

Description : When in a group of propositions, one proposition is claimed to follow from the others, that group of propositions is called (A) An argument (B) A valid argument (C) An explanation (D) An invalid argument

Last Answer : (A) An argument

The following argument: “ All mammals have wings. All reptiles are mammals. Therefore all reptiles have wings ”. A) Inductive B) invalid C) sound D) Valid.

Description : The following argument:  “ All mammals have wings.  All reptiles are mammals.  Therefore all reptiles have wings ”. A) Inductive  B) invalid  C) sound  D) Valid. 

Last Answer :  D) Valid. 

Arrange column II in proper sequence so as to match it with column I and choose the correct answer from the code given below : Image Image

Description : Arrange column II in proper sequence so as to match it with column I and choose the correct answer from the code given below :    

Last Answer : Answer: C  PH indicates the sample's acidity but is actually a measurement of the potential activity of hydrogen ions (H+) in the sample. PH measurements run on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7.0 ... with 7 being neutral. pHs less than 7 are acidic, whereas pHs greater than 7 are alkaline (basic).