State Fourier's law of 'conduction and Stefan Boltzmann law of radiation. Express mathematically.

1 Answer

Answer :

Fourier law of heat conduction- It state that ‘for homogeneous material, the rate heat transfer

in steady state in any direction is linearly proportional to temperature gradient in that direction.

Q α dt/dx

Q =-k dt/dx

Stefan Boltzman Law- Stefan concluded from experimental data that‟ total radiation by block

body par unit area per unit time is proportional to fourth power of absolute temperature of the

body.

E α T4 E= σT4

Related questions

Description : In Fourier's law, the proportionality constant is called the (A) Heat transfer co-efficient (B) Thermal diffusivity (C) Thermal conductivity (D) Stefan-Boltzmann constant

Last Answer : (C) Thermal conductivity

Description : Which one gives the monochromatic emissive power for black body radiation? (A) Planck's law (B) Kirchhoff’s law (C) Wien's law (D) Stefan-Boltzmann law

Last Answer : (A) Planck's law

Description : Stefan-Boltzmann law which describes the radiation heat transfer states that, it is proportional to (where, t = temperature in °C T = absolute temperature in ° K) (A) t 4 (B) T 4 (C) 1/t 4 (D) 1/T 4

Last Answer : (B) T

Description : What is sometimes known as the “Fourth-power law”?  A. Kirchhoff’s radiation law  B. Newton’s law of cooling  C. Stefan-Boltzmann law  D. Hess’s law

Last Answer : Stefan-Boltzmann law

Description : Fourier's law applies to the heat transfer by (A) Convection (B) Radiation (C) Conduction (D) All (A), (B) & (C)

Last Answer : (C) Conduction

Description : Stefan-Boltzmann law applies to __________ body. (A) Black (B) White (C) Grey (D) Any colour

Last Answer : (A) Black

Description : The ratio of the total emissive power to the absorptivity for all bodies is same at ther-mal equilibrium". This is __________ law. (A) Kirchoff’s (B) Planck's (C) Wien's displacement (D) Stefan-Boltzmann

Last Answer : (A) Kirchoff’s

Description : The value of Stefan-Boltzmann constant in SI unit is (A) 5.6697 × 10 -8W/m2 .°K4 (B) 0.1714 × 10 -8W/m2 .°K4 (C) 5.6697 × 10 -8kcal/m2 . °K4 (D) 0.1714 × 10 -8kcal/m2 . °K4

Last Answer : (A) 5.6697 × 10 -8W/m2 .°K4

Description : The thermal radiative flux from a surface of emissivity = 0.4 is 22.68 kW/m2 . The approximate surface temperature (K) is (Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 × 10 -8 W/m2 .K4 ) (A) 1000 (B) 727 (C) 800 (D) 1200

Last Answer : (A) 1000

Description : Pick out the wrong statement: (A) With change in temperature, the radiant energy emitted by a black body remains unchanged (B) Absorptivity of a body approaches unity in case of diffuse reflection (C) Absorptivity of ... unity (D) Value of Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 4.876 10 -8 KCal/m2 .hr.°K4

Last Answer : (A) With change in temperature, the radiant energy emitted by a black body remains unchanged

Description : The Stefan-Boltzmann constant depends on the (A) Medium (B) Temperature (C) Surface (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

Description : Fourier's law of heat conduction applies to __________ surfaces. (A) Isothermal (B) Non-isothermal (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Neither (A) and (B)

Last Answer : (C) Both (A) and (B)

Description : Stefan's block body radiation law can also be derived from __________ law. (A) Kirchoff’s (B) Planck's (C) Fourier's (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Planck's

Description : Steady state one dimensional heat flow by conduction as given by Fourier's low does not assume that (A) There is no internal heat generation (B) Boundary surfaces are isothermal (C) Material is anisotropic (D) Constant temperature gradient exists

Last Answer : (C) Material is anisotropic

Description : The statement that "maximum wavelength of radiation is inversely proportional to the temperature" is __________ law. (A) Stefan-Boltzmann’s (B) Planck's (C) Wien's displacement (D) None of these

Last Answer : (C) Wien's displacement

Description : Convective heat transfer, in which heat is transferred by movement of warmed matter is described by (A) Fourier's law (B) Newton's law of cooling (C) Fick's law (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Newton's law of cooling

Description : Heat transfer rate described by Fourier's law will decrease, if the __________ increases. (A) Thermal conductivity (B) Thickness (C) Temperature difference (D) Heat transfer area

Last Answer : (B) Thickness

Description : Define Fourier's law.

Last Answer : The law state that for homogeneous material the rate of heat transfer in steady state in any direction is directly proportional to temperature gradient in that direction. Where, Q/A is rate of heat transfer  dt/dx is temperature gradient  k conductivity of medium

Description : State first law of thermodynamics for (i) closed system and cyclic process (ii) closed system and non-cyclic process

Last Answer : First Law of Thermodynamics:  i) Closed System Cyclic Process :- It states that if a system executes a cycle, transferring work and heat through its boundary, the net heat transfer is equivalent to the network ... the system and is known as stored energy or total energy of system.   Q = ΔU + W

Description : “The total volume of a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial volumes.” This statement is known as ______.  A. Law of Dulong and Petit  B. Maxwell-Boltzmann law  C. Amagat’s law  D. Avogadro’s law

Last Answer : Amagat’s law

Description : In the stratosphere, why does temperature increase with increasing height? (a) Conduction. (b) Convection. (c) Greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation at the top of the strato- sphere. (d ... you go up through the strato- sphere, thus the ideal gas law requires temperature to increase too.

Last Answer : Greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation at the top of the strato- sphere.

Description : Explain Dalton's law in respect to steam condensers.

Last Answer : It states that' The pressure exerted by mixture of air and steam is equal to sum of partial pressures, which each constitute would exert, if it occupies the same volume . Mathematically, Pc ... mixture of air and steam Pa = Partial pressure of air Ps = Partial pressure of steam

Description : An engine is supplied with 4 kW of heat energy. It is found that it produce 4 kW of work. Which kind of perpetual machine it is? Which law is violated? Also describe other kind of perpetual machine you know.

Last Answer : PMM-II: A heat engine which violates Kelvin plank statement of the second law of thermodynamics is known as Perpetual Motion Machine of the second kind (PMM-II). Or 100 percent efficient machine which is ... no machine can produce energy of its own without consuming any other form of energy.

Description : In a boiler enthalpy of water supplied was 2000 kJ/kg. Enthalpy being added by fuel combustion is 3200 kJ/kg. Using first law of thermodynamics, find amount of heat supplied if steam generation rate is 10 tons per hour.

Last Answer : Heat supplied Q = m (h2-h1) …….(Steady flow energy equation for boiler) ; h2=3200 KJ/kg h1=2000 KJ/kg m = 10 Tons /hour = (10 x 1000)/3600 kg/sec = 2.77 Kg/sec Q = 2.77(3200-2000) = 3324 KJ/sec heat supplied for 10 Tons/hr steam generation

Description : Define Boyle’s law. How is it represented mathematically?

Last Answer : Ans.The volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature Mathematically V α 1/P. PV = constant.

Description : First law of thermodynamics is mathematically stated as (A) dQ = dE + dW (B) dQ = dE - dW (C) dE = dQ + dW (D) dW = dQ + dE

Last Answer : First law of thermodynamics is mathematically stated as (A) dQ = dE + dW (B) dQ = dE - dW (C) dE = dQ + dW (D) dW = dQ + dE

Description : If heat transfer rate varies with the time, it is termed as (A) Forced convection (B) Steady state conduction (C) Monochromatic radiation (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

Description : View factor is important in heat transfer by (A) Steady state conduction (B) Natural convection (C) Forced convection (D) Radiation

Last Answer : (D) Radiation

Description : State applications of conduction and radiation.

Last Answer : Applications of conduction:- 1) Bad conductor of heat is used as insulators. E.g. glass , thermo Cole , sawdust etc. 2) The calorimeters are kept in wooden box. 3) The coils of heavy duty ... . 7. Inactivation of HIV by application of heat radiations. 8. Teapots has bright shining surface.

Description : The horizontal line in psychrometric chart joining the change of state of air represents A. humidification B. sensible cooling or heating C. sensible cooling or heating with humidification D. sensible cooling or heating with dehumidification

Last Answer : ANSWER : B

Description : State necessity of super heater in steam boilers. State advantages of economizer. 

Last Answer : Necessity of super heater in steam boilers: 1. The efficiency of the boiler is increase with the use of superheated steam. 2. It eliminates the erosion of the turbine blades. 3. It reduces ... water. 5. This unit improves the overall efficiency of the boiler by reducing the fuel consumption. 

Description : Describe only construction and working of pipe in pipe heat exchanger. State it’s two applications.

Last Answer : Pipe Heat Exchanger: Construction and Working : In Pipe heat exchanger design, an important factor is the type of flow pattern in the heat exchanger. A pipe heat exchanger will ... more compact. Application : Oil refinery industries , Waste water management, Refrigeration system  

Description : State regulations for boilers which fall under IBR boiler

Last Answer : Boiler Regulations : 1. A boiler cannot be put to use unless it has been registered with the Chief Inspector of Boilers. 2. The maximum working pressure of the boiler has to be ... Accident inspection, Casual inspection 8. Violation of law is liable to prosecution and punishment with fine.

Description : State two similarities and two dissimilarities between heat and work.

Last Answer : Heat and work Similarities- Both are not properties of system, both are boundary phenomena, both are path functions, both are form of energy Dissimilarities-Work is high grade energy, heat is low ... but entire work can be converted into heat ; System can possess heat, but it never possess work

Description : Write continuity equation for nozzles. State involved with their units. meaning of all terms 

Last Answer : Continuity equation for nozzle Mass flow rate = Density x Area x Velocity ( Density = 1/v) m = (AC/v ) = A1C1/v1) = (A2C2/v2) where, m = mass flow rate of steam in kg/s A= cross ... given section in m2 v = specific volume of steam at given section in m3/kg C= velocity of steam in m/s

Description : State two factors on which efficiency of cooling tower depends.

Last Answer : Efficiency of cooling tower depends on 1.Losses in duct, piping and joints, pipes should be free from scale/rust 2.Efficient heat transfer, maintenance of piping , Ensure fill is clean and free of debris. 3.Sufficient airflow and correct fan speed. 

Description : What is Boltzmann Constant ?

Last Answer : The ratio of molar gas constant , R and Avogadro number is called Boltzmann constant.

Description : What is defined as the ratio of the change in temperature to the change in pressure when a real gas is throttled?  A. Rankine coefficient  B. Kelvin coefficient  C. Maxwell-Boltzmann coefficient  D. Joule-Thomson coefficient

Last Answer : Joule-Thomson coefficient

Description : Is an oven conduction energy or convection energy or radiation energy?

Last Answer : Need answer

Description : Why earth is heated by the sun through radiation and not by convection or conduction?

Last Answer : The space between Earth and the Sun is mostly empty (emptierthan most vacuums in Earth laboratories, in any case).Convectionand conduction require the presence of atoms.

Description : Is a bowl of oatmeal cooling is an example of conduction radiation or convection?

Last Answer : Convection

Description : Is cooking a hot dog over a campfire radiation or conduction?

Last Answer : radition

Description : Is cooking a hot dog over a campfire radiation or conduction?

Last Answer : radition

Description : Similarities between radiation conduction and convection?

Last Answer : The only similarity is that they all have to do with the movement/transfer of heat.Conductionis the process by which heat transfers between bodies that are in physical contact with each other ... in which heat is transmitted.Conduction---By direct contact.Convection---By currents(covection)Radiati

Description : Similarities between radiation conduction and convection?

Last Answer : The only similarity is that they all have to do with the movement/transfer of heat.Conductionis the process by which heat transfers between bodies that are in physical contact with each other ... in which heat is transmitted.Conduction---By direct contact.Convection---By currents(covection)Radiati

Description : By which of the following methods could a cup of hot coffee lose heat if placed on a metal table in a room? (a) Conduction and radiation (b) Conduction and convection (c) Convection and radiation (d) Conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation

Last Answer : Ans:(d)

Description : By what process is heat transmitted from the filament of an evacuated electric bulb to the glass? (a) Conduction (b) Convection (c) Radiation (d) Heat cannot be transmitted through vacuum

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

Description : Trade winds are due to – (1) Conduction (2) Convection (3) Radiation (4) Scattering

Last Answer : (2) Convection Explanation: The air moving across the surface towards the extra heated region is known as the trade winds. The region where the northern convective airflow meets the southern and the air starts ... drops heavy rain, but since it's moving up instead of across it won't fill sails.

Description : Solar energy is received by the earth through – (1) conduction (2) radiation (3) convection (4) refraction

Last Answer : (2) radiation Explanation: In physics, radiation is a process in which energetic particles or energetic, waves travel through vacuum, or through mattercontaining media that are not required for ... Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere.

Description : Atmospheric temperature increasing at the higher altitudes is called – (1) Radiation (2) Inversion (3) Conduction (4) Convection

Last Answer : (2) Inversion Explanation: The reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer ... as temperature inversion. Inversions play an important role in determining cloud forms, precipitation, and visibility.