Write continuity equation for nozzles. State involved with their units. meaning of all terms 

1 Answer

Answer :

Continuity equation for nozzle

Mass flow rate = Density x Area x Velocity ( Density = 1/v)

m = (AC/v ) = A1C1/v1) = (A2C2/v2)

where,

m = mass flow rate of steam in kg/s

A= cross sectional area of nozzle at given section in m2

v = specific volume of steam at given section in m3/kg

C= velocity of steam in m/s

Related questions

Description : Write steady flow energy equation considering mass flow rate of fluid. Write units of different quantities involved.

Last Answer : Steady flow process ( open system ) : Hence steady flow equation can be expressed as:  Internal Energy at 1 + Potential Energy at 1 + Kinetic Energy at 1 + Flow work at 1 + Heat supplied = Internal ... Flow work at 2 + Work done i.e. Hence the steady flow energy equation is,

Description : If one or more nozzles are not spraying correctly then ________________ occurs. a) dripping b) misfiring c) cold firing d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : Answer: b Explanation: If one or more nozzles are not spraying correctly then misfiring occurs and not cold firing.

Description : Identify modes of heat transfer involved applications with brief explanation. (1) Radiator of automobile (2) Condenser of domestic refrigerator.

Last Answer : Modes of heat transfer Automobile radiator-A radiator is a type of heat exchanger. It is designed to transfer heat from the hot coolant that flows through it to the air blown through ... of heat transfer plays very important deciding factor transferring heat from condenser tube to atmosphere.  

Description : The characteristic equation of gases pv = mRT holds good for (a) mono atomic gases (b) diatomic gases (c)real gases (d) ideal gases

Last Answer : Ans: c

Description : Clapeyron equation is applicable for registration at (a) saturation point of vapour (b) saturation point of liquid (c) sublimation temperature (d) triple point.

Last Answer : Ans: a

Description : Clapeyron equation is a relation between (a) temperature, pressure and enthalpy (b) specific volume and enthalpy (c) temperature and enthalpy (d) temperature, pressure, specific vapour and enthalpy.

Last Answer : Ans: D

Description : Cooling towers are rated in terms of A. approach B. range C. both of the mentioned D. none of the mentioned

Last Answer : ANSWER :C

Description : Derive an Ideal gas equation. Mention the terms involved in it. Also write how it is utilised to obtain combined gas law.

Last Answer : Derive an Ideal gas equation. Mention the terms involved in it. Also write how it is utilised to obtain combined gas law.

Description : Write Chezy’s equation for frictional losses and list all the terms involved in it.

Last Answer : Where; V = velocity of water in pipe,  m = hydraulic mean depth =A/P = d/4  I = loss of head per unit length,  C = Chezy’s constant

Description : For one dimensional flow of an incompressible fluid in unsteady state in x-direction, the continuity equation is given by (A) ∂u/∂x = 0 (B) ∂(ρu)/∂x = 0 (C) (∂u/∂x) = - (∂ρ/∂t) (D) ∂ρ/∂t = 0

Last Answer : (A) ∂u/∂x = 0

Description : An implication of the continuity equation of conductors is given by a) J = σ E b) J = E/σ c) J = σ/E d) J = jwEσ

Last Answer : a) J = σ E

Description : The continuity equation is a combination of which of the two laws? a) Ohm’s law and Gauss law b) Ampere law and Gauss law c) Ohm’s law and Ampere law d) Maxwell law and Ampere law

Last Answer : b) Ampere law and Gauss law

Description : The continuity equation (A) Is independent of the compressibility of the fluid (B) Is dependent upon the viscosity of the fluid (C) Represents the conservation of mass (D) None of these

Last Answer : (C) Represents the conservation of mass

Description : The continuity equation in ideal fluid flow states that (A) Net rate of inflow into any small volume must be zero (B) Energy is not constant along a streamline (C) Energy is constant along a streamline (D) There exists a velocity potential

Last Answer : (A) Net rate of inflow into any small volume must be zero

Description : Which of the following assumptions enables the Euler's equation of motion to be integrated? (A) The fluid is incompressible (B) The fluid is non-viscous (C) The continuity equation is satisfied (D) The flow is rotational and incompressible

Last Answer : (A) The fluid is incompressible

Description : The continuity equation (A) Relates mass flow rate along a stream tube (B) Relates work and energy (C) Stipulates that Newton's second law of motion must be satisfied at every point in the fluid (D) None of these

Last Answer : (A) Relates mass flow rate along a stream tube

Description : Which of the following must be followed by the flow of a fluid (real or ideal)? (I) Newton's law of viscosity. (II) Newton's second law of motion. (III) The continuity equation. (IV) Velocity of boundary layer must be zero relative to ... . (A) I, II, III (B) II, III, V (C) I, II, V (D) II, IV, V

Last Answer : (B) II, III, V

Description : The continuity equation of fluid mechanics utilises the principle of conservation of (A) Momentum (B) Mass (C) Energy (D) Both (B) & (C)

Last Answer : (B) Mass

Description : According to equation of continuity, (A) w1a1 = w2a2 (B) w1v1 = w2v2 (C) a1v1 = a2v2 (D) a1/v1 = a2/v2

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

Description : An ideal flow of any fluid must satisfy (A) Pascal law (B) Newton's law of viscosity (C) Boundary layer theory (D) Continuity equation

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : An ideal flow of any fluid must fulfill the following (A) Newton's law of motion (B) Newton's law of viscosity (C) Pascal' law (D) Continuity equation

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : The equation of continuity holds good when the flow (A) Is steady (B) Is one dimensional (C) Velocity is uniform at all the cross sections (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : The continuity equation is connected with (A) Open channel/pipe flow (B) Compressibility of fluids (C) Conservation of mass (D) Steady/unsteady flow

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

Description : In surface condensers write role of (i) Water tubes (ii) Shell (iii) Baffle plate (iv) Tube sheet

Last Answer : Function of parts in surface condensers 1. Water tubes- Cooling water flows through it , for convective heat transfer to occur with steam outside the tubes 2. Shell- Outer body, all components are ... and improves heat transfer 4. Tube sheet- All tubes are supported at the end in tube sheet

Description : State the functions of nozzles. Classify nozzles used in diesel engine.

Last Answer : Functions of nozzle:  1) To atomize fuel by converting it in to fine droplets. 2) To convert pressure energy in to kinetic energy. 3) To inject the fuel at right quantity at right time with ... Single hole nozzle 2) Multi-hole nozzle 3) Long stem nozzle 4) Pintle nozzles 5) Pintuax nozzles

Description : (i) Describe the principle of mechanical governor in fuel injection pump. (ii) State four types of injector nozzles

Last Answer : (i) Working Principal of mechanical governor of FIP: The working principle of mechanical governor is illustrated in figure. When the engine speed tends to exceed the limit the weights fly apart. This causes ... ) Multi-hole nozzle 3) Long stem nozzle 4) Pintle nozzles 5) Pintuax nozzles 

Description : The horizontal line in psychrometric chart joining the change of state of air represents A. humidification B. sensible cooling or heating C. sensible cooling or heating with humidification D. sensible cooling or heating with dehumidification

Last Answer : ANSWER : B

Description : State necessity of super heater in steam boilers. State advantages of economizer. 

Last Answer : Necessity of super heater in steam boilers: 1. The efficiency of the boiler is increase with the use of superheated steam. 2. It eliminates the erosion of the turbine blades. 3. It reduces ... water. 5. This unit improves the overall efficiency of the boiler by reducing the fuel consumption. 

Description : Describe only construction and working of pipe in pipe heat exchanger. State it’s two applications.

Last Answer : Pipe Heat Exchanger: Construction and Working : In Pipe heat exchanger design, an important factor is the type of flow pattern in the heat exchanger. A pipe heat exchanger will ... more compact. Application : Oil refinery industries , Waste water management, Refrigeration system  

Description : State regulations for boilers which fall under IBR boiler

Last Answer : Boiler Regulations : 1. A boiler cannot be put to use unless it has been registered with the Chief Inspector of Boilers. 2. The maximum working pressure of the boiler has to be ... Accident inspection, Casual inspection 8. Violation of law is liable to prosecution and punishment with fine.

Description : State first law of thermodynamics for (i) closed system and cyclic process (ii) closed system and non-cyclic process

Last Answer : First Law of Thermodynamics:  i) Closed System Cyclic Process :- It states that if a system executes a cycle, transferring work and heat through its boundary, the net heat transfer is equivalent to the network ... the system and is known as stored energy or total energy of system.   Q = ΔU + W

Description : State Fourier's law of 'conduction and Stefan Boltzmann law of radiation. Express mathematically.

Last Answer : Fourier law of heat conduction- It state that for homogeneous material, the rate heat transfer in steady state in any direction is linearly proportional to temperature gradient in that direction. Q α dt/ ... proportional to fourth power of absolute temperature of the body. E α T4 E= σT4

Description : State two similarities and two dissimilarities between heat and work.

Last Answer : Heat and work Similarities- Both are not properties of system, both are boundary phenomena, both are path functions, both are form of energy Dissimilarities-Work is high grade energy, heat is low ... but entire work can be converted into heat ; System can possess heat, but it never possess work

Description : State two factors on which efficiency of cooling tower depends.

Last Answer : Efficiency of cooling tower depends on 1.Losses in duct, piping and joints, pipes should be free from scale/rust 2.Efficient heat transfer, maintenance of piping , Ensure fill is clean and free of debris. 3.Sufficient airflow and correct fan speed. 

Description : Alcohols alone cannot be used in CI engines as a) their self ignition temperature is high b) latent heat of vaporization is high c) all of the mentioned d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : Answer: c Explanation: None.

Description : Drip irrigation system has a. A long hose b. Nozzles c. Perforated pipes d. None of the above

Last Answer : c. Perforated pipes

Description : Venturimeters, orificemeters and nozzles are used to measure the fluid discharge from a pipeline. The average fluid velocity in a pipeline can be measured by a/an (A) Weir (B) Hot wire anemometer (C) Cup and vane anemometer (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Hot wire anemometer

Description : Froude number is significant in (A) Supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion (B) Full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc. (C) Simultaneous motion ... gravity forces, and wave making effect, as with ship's hulls (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

Description : Reynolds number is significant in (A) Supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion (B) Full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc. (C) Simultaneous motion ... gravity forces, and wave making effect, as with ship's hulls (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Description : Mach number is significant in (A) Supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion (B) Full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc. (C) Simultaneous motion through ... gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship's hulls (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

Description : How to located tower maintenance access nozzles?

Last Answer : Answer: At bottom, top and intermediate sections of tower, must not be at the down-comer section of tower and in front of internal piping.

Description : What is preferred location for process nozzles on drum?

Last Answer : Answer: Minimum from the tangent line.

Description : What is preferred location for level instrument nozzles?

Last Answer : Answer: Away from the turbulence at the liquid outlet nozzle, although the vessel is provided with a vortex breaker, instrument should be set in the quiet zone of the vessel for example on the opposite side of the weir or baffle or near the vapor outlet end.

Description : What are necessary nozzles for pressure vessel?

Last Answer : Answer: Inlet, outlet, manhole, drain, pressure relief, agitator, level gauge, pressure gauge, temperature element, vent and for steam-out.

Description : What are necessary nozzles for non-pressure vessel?

Last Answer : Answer: Inlet, outlet, vent, manhole, drain, overflow, agitator, temperature element, level instrument, and steam-out connection.

Description : In which type of cooling pond system are nozzles arranged on same elevation? a. Single deck system b. Double deck system c. Natural flow system d. Direct flow system

Last Answer : a. Single deck system

Description : Through which does the even circulation of water is possible in Lamont boiler ? a. Nozzles b. Water trough c. Feed pump d. Hose

Last Answer : a. Nozzles

Description : Presence of moisture in fuel oil would (A) Keep the burner tips cool (B) Aid in proper combustion (C) Because sputtering, possibly extinguishing flame (D) Clean the nozzles

Last Answer : (D) Clean the nozzles

Description : In sprayers , operating pressures below ___________Kpa are undesirable for hydraulic nozzles other than flooding type

Last Answer : 140

Description : Flooding nozzles are generally operated with (a) Axis vertical (b) Axis horizontal (c) Inclined (d) None of the above

Last Answer : (a) Axis vertical