Explain discharging and charging process of lead acid storage cell. 

1 Answer

Answer :

Discharging: - While discharging chemical energy gets converted into electrical energy.

At anode: - The lead electrode loses electrons, which flow through the wire.

image 

Lead sulphate is precipited at both the electrodes. As sulphuric acid is utilized & H2O is formed in the process, concentration of H2SO4 will decrease, then battery should be charged.  


Charging: - To recharge a lead storage cell, the reactions taking place during discharging are reversed by passing an external e.m.f. greater than 2 volts from a generator.

image  

Related questions

Description : Define charging, discharging, specific resistance and Ohm’s law.

Last Answer : Charging:- It is the operation of the cell in which external source of current reverses the electrochemical cell reaction in order to restore the battery to its original fully charged state. ... across the conductor & inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of a conductor. 

Description : Explain the construction and working of Lead acid storage cell with the help of diagram.

Last Answer : Construction  i)A group of lead plates packed with spongy lead serves as anode (negative electrode). ii) Another group of lead plates bearing lead dioxide serve as cathode (positive electrode).The two ... 38% ( by mass) of H2SO4 of density about 1.2 g/ml which serve as electrolyte.

Description : State two applications of lead acid storage cell.

Last Answer : Applications of lead acid storage cell: 1. Lead acid storage cellis commonly used in automobiles. 2. To Supply current for electric vehicles 3. In Gas engine ignition 4. In telephone exchanges ... hospitals 7. In broad casting stations, power stations 8. For distribution work 9. In inverters

Description : Galvanized containers are not used for storage of food. Give reason.

Last Answer : Galvanized containers (zinc coated) cannot be used for preparing and storing food stuff, which are acidic in nature because zinc gets dissolved in dilute acids in food forming poisonous zinc compounds which will poison the content.

Description : Why tinned containers are used for storage of food?

Last Answer : Tinned containers preferred over galvanized containers for food storage because Tin metal is less active and have corrosion resistance. It is nontoxic and does not react with food stuff and does ... iron hence it reacts with weak organic acids present in food stuffs to produce poisonous compound.

Description : Explain fuel cell. State two advantages.

Last Answer : Fuel cell- Fuel cell is a electrochemical cell which converts the chemical energy of fuels directly into electrical energy by an electrochemical process in which the fuel is oxidized at the ... fossil fuels 15. Fuel cell automotive batteries can render electric vehicles efficient & refillable  

Description : Explain construction and working of Ni- Cd cell with diagram.

Last Answer : Construction: i) Positive plates are made up of nickel plated tubes, containing a mixture of nickel oxide (NiO2) & hydroxide + 17% flakes of graphite or metallic nickel for increasing ... which small quantity of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is added to increase the capacity of cell.

Description : Draw diagram and explain sherardizing process

Last Answer : Process: i) The iron articles (bolts, screws, nails etc) to be coated are first cleaned and then packed with Zn dust and ZnO powder in a steel drum, which is provided with ... protecting small steel articles like bolts, screws, nuts, threaded parts, washers, valves, gauge, tools etc.

Description : Write the action of Nitric acid on Aluminium.

Last Answer : Aluminium metal does not react with dilute as well as concentrated Nitric acid 

Description : Show the fuel cell differ from battery. What are the advantages of fuel cell?

Last Answer : Fuel cell : Fuel cell is an electrochemical cellwhich converts the chemical enrgy of fuel directly into the electrical energy by an electrochemical process, in whichthe fuel is oxidised at ... fossil fuels 15. Fuel cell automotive batteries can render electric vehicles efficient & refillable 

Description : Define fuel cell. Give the advantages and limitations of H2-O2 fuel cell.

Last Answer : Fuel cell: Fuel cell is an electrochemical cell which converts the chemical energy of fuel directly into the electrical energy by an electrochemical process, in which the fuel is oxidized at the anode. OR ... requires 30% of the stored energy. 7. Life span of the cells is not accurately known.

Description : Describe construction and working of H2-O2 fuel cell.

Last Answer : Construction :- )One of the simplest & most successful fuel cell is hydrogen oxygen fuel cell. ii) It consists essentially of an electrolytic solution such as 25% KOH or NaOH ... . Hydrogen & oxygen gases are bubbled through the anode & cathode compartment respectively.

Description : Why does a dry cell became dead after a long time even if it has been not used?

Last Answer : Dry cell become dead after a long time, even if it has not been used because acidic NH4Cl corrodes the zinc vessel.

Description : Describe construction and working of Daniel cell.

Last Answer : Answer : Construction: It consists of zinc electrode dipped in ZnSO4 Solution & Copper electrode dipped in CuSO4 solution. The two solutions are separated by a porous pot. The two solutions can seep ... as Cu & hence copper electrode becomes positively charged. The emf of cell is 1.1 volt.

Description : Describe construction and working of dry cell.

Last Answer : Construction: It consists of zinc container (vessel) which acts as an anode. Cathode is a Graphite rod. It acts as inert electrode. The Graphite rod is surrounded by a paste of MnO2 (Manganese dioxide) ... Working At zinc anode: - Dissolution of zinc electrode to form zinc ions

Description : Describe construction and working of hydrogen oxygen fuel cell.

Last Answer : Construction:- 1. It consists essentially of an electrolytic solution such as 25% KOH or NaOH solution, & two inert porous electrodes (like porous carbon) containing suitable catalyst. ... & oxygen gases are bubbled through the anode & cathode compartment respectively.

Description : Distinguish between primary cell and secondary cell.

Last Answer : Distinguish between primary cell and secondary cell.

Description : Define the term metallurgy. Name the process of extraction of Aluminium. 

Last Answer : Metallurgy:-The process of extraction of metal from its ore economically & profitably is called as metallurgy. The process used for extraction of Aluminium metal is Bayer’s process, Electrolytic reduction of alumina, Electrolytic refining. 

Description : Describe metal spraying process for protection of metal from corrosion .Write its two applications.

Last Answer : Process:- i) In this method, coating metal sprayed on the surface of base metal with the help of spraying gun or pistol. ii) The spraying gun consist of a duct for compressed air and is fitted with the oxy- ... 4) Coating of metals like Al, Zn, Ni, Sn, Pb etc. is made by the method of spraying.

Description : What are applications of sherardizing process?

Last Answer : Applications:- i)Sherardizing is used especially for protecting small odd shaped steel articles like bolts, screws, nuts, threaded parts washers, valves, gauge, tools etc.against atmospheric corrosion. ... has crevices or depression and there is practically no change in the dimensions of articles.

Description : Describe galvanizing process with suitable diagram.

Last Answer : It is the process of coating iron or steel sheets with a thin coat of zinc to prevent it from rusting. Process: The iron or steel sheet to be galvanized is first cleaned with dilute ... rollers to remove excess zinc and in order to get uniform coating. Finally it is annealed at 6500C. 

Description : Describe Bessemerisation process with the help of chemical reaction & diagram. 

Last Answer : After smelting the molten matte is then transferred to a Bessemer converter which is a pear shaped furnace made up of steel and internally lined with lime or magnesia. It is mounted on trunnions and can be ... surface of copper hence it is called as blister copper. It is 96 to 98% pure.  

Description : Describe Bessemerization process with neat labeled diagram 

Last Answer : After smelting the molten matte is then transferred to a Bessemer converter which is a pear shaped furnace made up of steel and internally lined with lime or magnesia. It is mounted on trunnions and can ... on the surface of copper hence it is called as blister copper. It is 96 to 98% pure

Description : Write two application of metal cladding process.

Last Answer : Applications : 1) Al clad sheets used in aircraft industry in which a plate of duralumin is sandwiched between two layers of 99.5% pure Al. 2) Cu clad steel wire is obtained by ... cu-tube is used for electrical conductors possessing combining strength of steel with the high conductivity of Cu.

Description : Describe the tinning process. Write its two applications.

Last Answer : Tinning: -The process of covering iron or steel sheets with a thin coat of tin to prevent it from rusting is called as tinning.   Process: i) The sheet of steel to be ... Tinned copper sheets are used for cooking utensils and refrigeration equipment. Cu tubes are used in refrigeration. 

Description : Describe the process of purification of aluminium by electrolytic refining with the help of neat, labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Process: 1) The electrolytic cell consists of an iron tank lined at the bottom with carbon, which serve as anode. A number of graphite rods serve as cathode. 2) The cell is filled with ... . Crude or impure Al is added to the bottom layer from time to time. The process is thus continued.

Description : Describe smelting process with neat labeled diagram.

Last Answer : Roasted copper ore is then mixed with coke & sand particles & then strongly heated at about 13500 C in a water jacketed blast furnace. At high temperature ferrous sulphide (FeS) is oxidised & ... of ferrous sulphide (FeS) is called as matte which is then removed from the lower outlet.

Description : Write two points of similarity between sherardizing and galvanising process.

Last Answer : 1) Sherardizing and galvanizing are the processes of avoiding corrosion of metal. 2) Zinc is used as coating metal on iron base metal.

Description : Which of the listed battery charging circuits is used to maintain a wet-cell, lead-acid, storage battery in a fully charged state during long periods of disuse? A. Normal charging circuit B. Quick charging circuit C. Trickle charging circuit D. High ampere charging circuit

Last Answer : Answer: C

Description : Which of the following activities occurs during the charging process of a lead-acid storage battery? A. The specific gravity of the acid increases. B. Both plates change chemically to lead sulfate. C. The specific gravity of the acid decreases. D. Hydrogen gas is absorbed.

Last Answer : Answer: A

Description : Explain cathodic protection. Give one example.

Last Answer : Cathodic protection: It is the method in which the metal to be protected is forced to behave as a cathode. Examples: 1) To protect buried water or gas pipelines. 2) To protect buried cables. 3) ... water box coolers. 6) To protect water tanks. 7) To protect transmission line towers, etc.  

Description : Write the different types of oxide films formed on the metal surface. Explain the oxide film which is more protective against corrosion.

Last Answer : Types of oxide films 1. Stable porous oxide film 2. Stable non porous oxide film 3. Unstable oxide film 4. Volatile oxide film i) Stable nonporous oxide film ii) Unstable oxide films are protective ... . Example: - Such type of oxide film is formed in the metals like Ag, Au, and Pt.

Description : Explain electrolytic refining of aluminium with neat labelled diagram 

Last Answer : Process: 1) The electrolytic cell consists of an iron tank lined at the bottom with carbon, which serve as anode. A number of graphite rods serve as cathode. 2) The cell is filled with three ... Crude or impure Al is added to the bottom layer from time to time. The process is thus continued.

Description : Explain four factors affecting rate of immersed corrosion. 

Last Answer : A) Nature of metal: 1) Position of metal in a galvanic series: A metal having higher position in a galvanic series has more chemical reactivity and therefore, it gets attacked by gaseous ... conducting medium and promotes corrosion. e.g. Rusting of Fe is promoted in humid atmosphere.  

Description : state what happens to the electrons in a capacitor circuit when (a) the capacitor is charging and (b) the capacitor is discharging.

Last Answer : a. When the capacitor is charging, electrons accumulate on the negative plate and leave the positive plate until the charge on the capacitor is equal to the battery voltage. b. When the ... the negatively charged plate to the positively charged plate until the charge on each plate is neutral.

Description : Write two properties and two uses of Bakelite.

Last Answer : Properties Uses Hard,Rigid,strong,scratch resistant & brittle material. insulation of electrical wires & cables electrical switches, switch board sockets, plugs for ... Rolling mills, Decorative laminates wall covering & industrial laminates for electrical parts. 

Description : Define extrinsic polymers with example.

Last Answer : Extrinsic polymer- The electrical conductivity of polymers can be increased by doping with a charge transfer agent or by making their composites with other conducting materials like ... called as extrinsic polymer  Examples-Trans-polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline etc. 

Description : State the two methods of Hot dipping. 

Last Answer : Two methods of hot dipping-1. Galvanizing 2. Tinning

Description : State the two functions of pigment.

Last Answer : 1) Provide opacity and colour to paint film. 2) Give strength to the film. 3) Give protection to the paint film by reflecting harmful ultraviolet light. 4) Provide resistance to paint film against abrasion, ... and weather. 5) Give an aesthetical appeal (i.e pleasing to look at) to the paint film.

Description : Define immersed corrosion.

Last Answer : Definition: The corrosion which is brought about through ionic reactions in the presence of moisture or solution as a conducting medium when two dissimilar metals are in contact with each other is called electro chemical corrosion. 

Description : State two properties and two uses of silicone fluids.

Last Answer : Properties :- 1. They can be used in temperature range of -90 0C to 220 0C 2. They have excellent dielectric properties over a wide range of temperature 3. They have ... release material: an odourless, non-toxic, noncarbonizing moulds release for rubber, plastics and metal die castings.

Description : Define liquid crystal polymers.

Last Answer : Liquid crystal polymers are a class of aromatic polyester polymers which are capable of forming regions of highly ordered structure (like crystal) even in the liquid phase.

Description : Define electrochemical corrosion.

Last Answer : Electrochemical corrosion:- The corrosion which is brought about through ionic reactions in the presence of moisture or solution as a conducting medium when two dissimilar metals are in contact with each other is called electro chemical corrosion. 

Description : Write two characteristics and two uses of Ni-Cd battery.

Last Answer : Characteristics: 1. The e.m.f. of cell is 1.4 V when fully charged. 2. It has low internal resistance & longer life span (5 years). 3. It is expensive in cost. 4. It can be ... lighting and air conditioning because of its long life & low maintenance cost. 3. It is widely used in calculators.

Description : Write two applications and two properties of Rose metal.

Last Answer : Properties: 1. It is easily fusible alloy. 2. It’s melting point is 89 0C. Applications: 1. It is used for making fire – alarms, fuses wires. 2. It is used for casting dental works 3. It is used in automatic sprinkler system.

Description : Define specific conductance. Write its unit.

Last Answer : Specific conductance is the conductance offered by 1 cm3 of the substance or 1ml solution.  OR The conductance offered by a solution or a conducting material having unit length & unit area of cross ... conductance. Unit of specific conductance: ohm-1 cm-1 or mhos-cm-1 or S.cm-1

Description : Which oxide film is most protective against corrosion? Why?

Last Answer : Non-porous stable oxide film is most protective oxide film. This oxide film is extremely adherent and non-porous (protective). Due to the absence of pores or cracks in the oxide film, it forms barrier for further action and therefore, the rate of corrosion of metal decreases rapidly. 

Description : Write the action of water on Aluminium.

Last Answer : Pure aluminium is not affected by pure water. However, impure aluminium is readily corroded by water containing salts (seawater). It decomposes boiling water with evolution of hydrogen.

Description : Write two applications of copper.

Last Answer : 1) For making electrical wires, cables and conducting apparatus. 2) As a coinage metal and in ornaments, jewelry for making them hard. 3) For making water stills, kettles, vacuum pans, steam pipes ... such as hypsometers, colorimeters, etc. 7) For making alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal, etc.

Description : Define the following: Electrolyte, conductivity of electrolytes, specific conductance and equivalent conductance.

Last Answer : Electrolyte: A substance which produces ions in solution or in fused state and allows the electric current to pass through it, is known as electrolyte. Conductivity of electrolytes: The power ... equivalent of solute / electrolyte when placed between two sufficiently large electrodes 1 cm apart.