Define tacheometer. State essential characteristics of tacheometer.

1 Answer

Answer :

Tacheometer

A tacheometer is essentially a transit theodolite having a stadia diaphragm. The diaphragm is equipped with two horizontal hairs called stadia hairs in addition to the regular cross hairs.

Essential Characteristics of a Tacheometer :

1. The value of constant f/i = 100.

2. The telescope should be fitted with anallatic lens having value of (f+c) = 0

3. The telescope should be powerful, the magnification should be 20 to 30 times the diameters.

4. The vision through the telescope should give a clear and bright image for a long distance.

Related questions

Description : List any four essential characters of Tacheometer. 

Last Answer : 1. The value of constant f/i = 100 Where, f = focal length i = length of image. 2. The telescope should be powerful, the magnification should be 20 to 30 times the diameter  3. The ... aperture of the objective should be 35 to 45mm in diameter in order to have a sufficiently bright image.

Description : What is the difference between a theodolite and a tacheometer. Give any two characteristics of tacheometer.

Last Answer : Difference between theodolite and tacheometer. Sr.No Theodolite Tacheometer 1 It is most accurate instrument use for measurement of horizontal and vertical angle. ... 4. The vision through the telescope should give a clear and bright image for a long distance. 

Description : How would you determine the constant of given tacheometer on field? 

Last Answer : Method of determining tacheometric constants in the field1) A fairly level ground is selected. The tacheometer is set up at O. Vertical angle is kept zero and pegs are fixed at A, B & C, known distances apart. ... Average of (f/i) and of (f+d) as obtained above, gives values of constants.

Description : State any four characteristics of contours with sketches.

Last Answer : Characteristics of contours - The characteristics of contours are described in following statements with the help of necessary sketches. 1. All the points on contour line represent same reduced level or equal ... 8. The summit of four ridge lines represents saddle as shown in sketch 8.

Description : Define tacheometry. State the principle of tacheometry with sketch.

Last Answer : Tacheometry : It is the branch of angular surveying in which horizontal and vertical distances are determined from instrumental observations only, is known as tacheometry. Principle of tacheometry : ... to corresponding staff intercept remains constant as shown below in figure 3

Description : Define interpolation of contour and state its methods. 

Last Answer : The process of spacing the contours proportionately between the ground points is known as “Interpolation of Contours”. The contours may be interpolated by: 1. Estimation 2. Arithmetical calculations. 3. Graphical method.

Description : Define Latitude and Departure. 

Last Answer : Latitude : The projection of survey line parallel to meridian is called latitude. OR Projection of survey line parallel to N-S direction is called latitude. Departure: The projection of survey ... is called departure. OR Projection of survey line parallel to E-W direction is called departure.

Description : Define Swinging & Transiting

Last Answer : Swinging: It is the process of turning the telescope in horizontal plane about its vertical axis. Transiting: It is the process of turning the telescope through 180° in a vertical plane about its horizontal axis

Description : Define transiting and swinging of theodolite.

Last Answer : Transiting of theodolite - The vertical movement of telescope about its horizontal axis through 360 degree is known as Transiting of telescope of theodolite. Swinging of theodolite - The lateral or ... of theodolite about its vertical axis through 360 degree is known as Swinging of theodolite.

Description : Define following terms and give any two components of each : 1. GIS 2. GPS 

Last Answer : GIS:- A geographic information system is a computer based tool that allows you to create, manipulate, analyze ,store & display information based on its location. Components:- 1) hardware 2) ... position &location speed and direction. Components:- 1) Antenna 2) Radio frequency

Description : Give the classification of curve and Define 1.Transition curve 2. Reverse curve

Last Answer : Classification of curve is as follows1) Horizontal curve  a) Simple curve  b) Compound curve  c) Reverse curve  d) Transition curve  e) Lemniscate curve 2) Vertical curve  a) Summit curve ... their centers lie on opposites sides of the curve . They have one common tangent.

Description : Define grade contour. Give the procedure to locate grade contour on contour map with suitable sketch.

Last Answer : Grade Contour - It is the contour established on a specific grade or gradient along the hill side. OR   The line joining the points of equal grade or gradient is termed as grade contour.  ... all the marked points will give us the required grade contour of 1 in 30 accurately. 

Description : Define the term departure and latitude

Last Answer : Departure :- It is the distance parallel to the East-West line OR the projection of survey line perpendicular to the meridian is called departure. Latitude :- It is the distance parallel to the North-South line OR the projection of survey line parallel to the meridian is called latitude.

Description : Define 1) Telescope inverted 2) Telescope normal

Last Answer : Telescope Inverted :- It means bubble down & the face right position is called telescope inverted. Telescope Normal :- It means bubble up & the face left position is called as telescope normal. 

Description : Define Grade contour.

Last Answer : Grade contour :- It is the contour established on a specific grade or gradient along the hill side. OR The line joining the points of equal grade or gradient is called as grade contour.

Description : Define 1) Contour 2) Contour Interval

Last Answer : Contour :- It is an imaginary line on the ground joining points of equal elevation or RLs.  Contour Interval :- The vertical distance between any two consecutive contours is known as a contour interval

Description :  Define transiting. 

Last Answer : Transiting is the method of turning the telescope about its horizontal axis in vertical plane through 180ᴼ.

Description : Define zero circle. 

Last Answer : For a mechanical or polar planimeter, when the tracing point moves along a circle without rotation of the wheel i.e. when the wheel just slides without any change in reading, the circle is known as the zero circle. 

Description : Define the term interpolation of contours. 

Last Answer : Interpolation of contours is the process of locating the required contours proportionately between the plotted reduced levels on sheet. 

Description : Define compound curve and reverse curve

Last Answer : Compound Curve: A compound curve consists of two arc of different radius curving in the same direction. The centers of the two arc situated on the same side of the curve. Reverse Curve: A ... opposite direction with a common tangent. The two centers are on the opposite sides of a common tangent.

Description : Define the terms , swinging and transiting.

Last Answer : Swinging: It is the process of turning the telescope in horizontal plane. Transiting: It is the process of turning the telescope through 180° in a vertical plane about its horizontal axis.

Description : Define telescope inverted and telescope normal for transit theodolite.

Last Answer : Telescope Inverted: The position of telescope with the face right is known as “Telescope Inverted”. Telescope Normal: The position of telescope with the face left is known as “Telescope Normal”.

Description : Define G.I.S. Enlist the key components of G.I.S. 

Last Answer : Definition: A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer based tool that allows you to create, manipulate, analyze, store and display information based on its location. Components of GIS: ... plan and business rules, which are the models and operating practices unique to each organization. 

Description : Define zero circle. How it is found out?

Last Answer : Zero circle or circle of correction is defined as circle round the circumference of which if tracing point is moved, wheel will simply slide(without rotation) on the paper without any change in reading. There ... of zero circle = M C Where M= multiplying constant. C= additive constant.  

Description : Define degree of curve.

Last Answer : The angle subtended at the centre of the circle by a chord of standard length of 30m is known as degree of curve. 

Description : Define swing of telescope

Last Answer : It the process of turning the telescope in horizontal plane about vertical axis.

Description : Define the terms- latitude and departure. 

Last Answer :  Latitude – The projective distance of survey line parallel to meridian (i.e. N-S direction) is known as Latitude of a line. Departure - The projective distance of survey line perpendicular to meridian (i.e. N-S direction) is known as Departure of a line.

Description : Define horizontal equivalent .

Last Answer : The horizontal distance between any two successive contours is called horizontal equivalent.

Description : State the function of Anallatic lens.. 

Last Answer : The function of anallatic lens is to make additive constant zero i.e.(f+d)=0 It simplifies the calculation. 

Description : State two advantages of plane table surveying

Last Answer : 1.it is most rapid method of surveying. 2. it is suitable for magnetic areas. 3.The map can be prepared easily ,and does not require greater skill. 4.Irregular objects can be represented ... is less costly. 7 The check lines detects the errors of measurement and plotting on field itself. 

Description : What is meant by zero circle? State the advantages of digital planimeter over polar planimeter.

Last Answer : Zero circle:- When the tracing point is moved along a circle without rotation of the wheel i.e. when the wheel slides without any change in reading ,the circle is known as the zero circle or ... are required for area. 3) It gives more accurate reading 4) Less time required for measurement

Description : State the component parts of micro optic theodolite . How it is superior to a transit theodolite. Also write the situation where it is suitable.

Last Answer : Component parts of micro optic theodolite 1) Telescope 2) Magnification with standard eyepiece. 3) Level tube 4) Foot screws. 5) Tribatch & Trivet 6) Optical micrometer 7) Changing nob 8) ... is most suitable 3) This instrument is durable for harsh environments. 4) It is simple in use.

Description : State any four uses of digital theodolite.

Last Answer : The uses of digital theodolite are as follows. 1. To measure horizontal angle vey precisely up to one second. 2. To measure vertical angle accurately up to one second. 3. To set ... reduced levels of ridge and valley lines accurately. 5. To determine horizontal distance more precisely

Description : State any two situations under which tacheometry is preferred. 

Last Answer : Tacheometry is preferred in following situations. 1. When horizontal distances can't be measured by chaining on highly uneven ground. 2. When vertical distances or reduced levels can't be measured ... is necessary to fill the details in topographic map and contour map with low degree of precision.

Description : State any four uses of transit theodolite.

Last Answer : Transit theodolite is useful for the following. 1. To measure the horizontal and vertical angles between survey stations. 2. To measure deflection angles between survey lines. 3. To measure horizontal ... tubular compass to it. 6. To prolong or extend the survey line up to required destination.

Description : State the possible error while using planimeter for finding area of an irregular figure.

Last Answer : Possible error while using planimeter for finding area of an irregular figure: 1) Instrumental Error i) Roller of planimeter which must rotate the axis freely and withot vibrations, if not, then ... vi) Error in setting of arm length. vii) Overlapping or repetition in tracing boundary.

Description : State the meaning of degree of curve and long chord.

Last Answer : Degree of curve : The angle subtended at the centre by a standard chord of 30 m length, is known as degree of curve. Long Chord : The straight line joining rear tangent point and forward tangent point is called as long chord of curve.

Description : State the principle of EDM with sketch.

Last Answer : Principle of EDM:- The fig shows a survey line AB, the length D of which is to be measured using EDM equipment placed at ends A. Let a transmitter be placed at A to propagate electromagnetic waves towards B ... measured at A. This will require EDM timing devices with an accuracy of 1 10-9s.  

Description : State four component parts of digital theodolite and state their purpose.

Last Answer : Component parts of digital theodolite and their purpose: 1. Control panel: to perform operations by giving commands to measure horizontal and vertical angles in left or right direction, to switch on ... fast and steady leveling. 7. Foot screws: for leveling of instrument by usual method.

Description : State the limitations of tacheometry.

Last Answer : Tacheometry is a surveying method that uses optical instruments, such as a theodolite or total station, to measure horizontal and vertical angles and distances. Some limitations of tacheometry include: ... and experience of the operator, and human error can lead to inaccuracies in the measurements.

Description : State the methods of contour interpolation and explain in brief any one.

Last Answer : Methods of interpolation:- i) By Arithmetic calculations ii) By Estimation iii) By Graphical method i) By Arithmetic Calculation: This is very tedious but accurate method and is used for small areas ... in fig.) may now be pricked through the position of the contour points on line PQ.

Description : State the application of remote sensing in various fields.

Last Answer : Applications of remote sensing:-  Remote sensing is widely applicable in the following areas. 1) Applications of Remote sensing with respect to natural hazard. e. g In case of flood, ... resource like minerals and fossil fuels, geological data, location of minerals, mapping of mineral zones.

Description : State the methods of locating contours and explain direct method.

Last Answer : Methods of locating contours :- 1) Direct method 2) Indirect method i) By cross section ii) By Squares (Block Contouring) iii) Tachometric Method Direct method of contouring:- In ... identical coloured pegs, we get the required contours on ground by this direct method of contouring.

Description : State the two methods of setting out curves.

Last Answer : Methods of setting out curves :- 1) Method of offsets or ordinates from the long chord 2) By successive bisection of arcs 3) By offsets from tangents 4) By offsets from chords produced 5) Rankine’s method of tangential angles 6) Two Theodolite method

Description : State any two advantages of total station over dumpy level and theodolite.

Last Answer : Advantages of total station over dumpy level and theodolite :- 1) Total station gives digital measurements of sloping, horizontal and vertical distances accurately and precisely. 2) Total station gives ... data to computer. 6) Total station used to prepare the map and drawings using softwares.

Description : State the procedure of traversing by using total station.

Last Answer : The procedure is as follows. A) CENTERING THE TOTAL STATION: The instrument must be vertically above the survey station to ensure that horizontal angle observations are correct. The steps are as ... are plumbed over peg 1 and 3. Horizontal distances and angles are measured and recorded similarly.

Description : State the advantages and limitation of remote sensing.

Last Answer : Advantages of remote sensing: 1. Relatively cheap and rapid method of acquiring up-to-date information over a large geographical area. 2. It is the only practical way to obtain data from ... knowledge of phenomena you are sampling. 4. Thus one can say that data interpretation is difficult.

Description : State the uses of Global positioning system (GPS) 

Last Answer : Uses of Global positioning system 1. To prepare contour maps. 2. To prepare longitudinal section of roads. 3. To prepare alignment of roads & bridges. 4. Used for navigation purpose.  5. For ... . 8. Used in Geographical information system. 9. Used in Military and Space 10. For Agriculture.

Description : State the classification of electronic distance meter. 

Last Answer : Classification of electronic distance meter A) Classification based on the type of carrier wave used Instrument using visible light waves Instrument using invisible infra-red waves ... or transmitted wave. Reflecting type such as geodimeters Transmitting types such as tellurometer

Description : State components of one second micro-optic theodolite. 

Last Answer : Component parts of micro optic theodolite 1) Telescope 2) Magnification with standard eyepiece. 3) Level tube 4) Foot screws. 5) Tribatch & Trivet 6) Optical micrometer 7) Microscope with ... -batch with foot screws 12) Plate level 13) Collimation slow motion screw 14 ) Horizontal clamp