Histocompatibility antigen test?

Histocompatibility antigen test?
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DefinitionA histocompatibility antigen blood test looks at proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), which are found on the surface of nearly every cell in the human body. HLAs are found in large amounts on the surface of white blood cells. They help the immune system tell the difference between body tissue and foreign substances.Alternative NamesHLA typing; Tissue typingHow the test is performedBlood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial
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Description : The following are true about antigen presenting cells (APC): a. Langerhan's cells are the antigen presenting cells of the epidermis b. CD8+ cells only recognize antigen presenting cells bearing ... necrosis factor alpha (TNF ) can turn endothelial cells into antigen presenting cells d. all above

Last Answer : all above

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Description : Regarding interferon: a. it is a virus specific molecules b. it acts by neutralizing exotoxin c. it enhances the histocompatibility antigen on cell surface and thereby activate the T cells d. it exerts its effect by integrating itself with the DNA of virus infected cells

Last Answer : it enhances the histocompatibility antigen on cell surface and thereby activate the T cells

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Description : The major histocompatibility complex of antigens may be found a. On the surface of body cells. b. Only on cells sensitized during allergy reactions. c. Only on cells involved in a xenograft. d. On cells stimulated by the urushiol in poison ivy plants.

Last Answer : a. On the surface of body cells.

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Description : What Is An Antigen Test Anyways?

Last Answer : It tests to see if you have antigens.

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Description : Type IV hypersensitivity responses: a. typically occur 72 hours after contact with the antigen b. occur in Kveim's test c. occur in contact dermatitis d. all above

Last Answer : all above

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Description : What is the difference between an antibody and an antigen?

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Description : Viral antigen are likely

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Description : What is the role of an antigen in the acquired defenses? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

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Description : What is antigen ?

Last Answer : Antigen: A substance that activates the immune system from the outside of the body and is made up of proteins , nucleic acids , carbohydrates or lipids.

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Description : What is an antigen ?

Last Answer : Antigen: A substance that activates the immune system from the outside of the body and is made up of proteins , nucleic acids , carbohydrates or lipids.

What is Antigen ?

Description : What is Antigen ?

Last Answer : : Antigen is a substance called mucopolysaccharide located in the plasma membrane of red blood cells which stimulates the production of antibodies .

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Description : Which of the following is based upon the principle of antigen - antibody interaction?

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Description : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

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Description : Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen

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Description : Antigen is a substance which

Last Answer : Antigen is a substance which A. lowers body temperature B. destroys harmful bacteria C. triggers the immune system D. is used as an antidote to poison

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Description : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule

Last Answer : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule A. on light chain as well as ... region of light chain D. on heavy chain only

Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Description : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Last Answer : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between: A. two light chains B. two heavy ... one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen

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Description : Blood group Antigen are `:-`

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Description : Is the Rh factor is an antigen that can cause problems in some women who bear more than one offspring.?

Last Answer : yes. you must be doing your human anatomy in Aplus too lol

HLA-B27 antigen?

Description : HLA-B27 antigen?

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Description : Antigen?

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Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels?

Description : Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels?

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Description : What is an example of a self antigen?

Last Answer : A or B antigens of blood cells

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Description : The portion of the immunoglobulin molecule that binds the specific antigen is formed by (A) Variable regions of H and L chains (B) Constant region of H chain (C) Constant region of L chain (D) Hinge region

Last Answer : Answer : A

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Description : On exposure to any antigen, the first antibody to be formed is of the following class: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : C

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Description : The alternate complement pathway doesn’t involve (A) Antigen-antibody complex (B) Complement 3 (C) Factors B and D (D) Membrane attack unit

Last Answer : Answer : A

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Description : Complement system can be activated by binding of antigen to (A) IgA (B) IgD (C) IgE (D) IgM

Last Answer : Answer : D

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Description : Recognition of antigen is the function of (A) Variable region of light chains (B) Variable regions of light and heavy chains (C) Constant region of heavy chains (D) Constant regions of light and heavy chains

Last Answer : Answer : B

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Description : Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association ... ) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Last Answer : Answer : D

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Description : The portion of the antigen molecule which is recognized by antibody is known as (A) Hapten (B) Epitope (C) Complement (D) Variable region

Last Answer : Answer : B

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Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the assessment of protein reserve? a. Conventional serum proteins such as albumin and globulin are early indicators of malnutrition b. The ... d. Measurement of urea excretion in urine can be used as a measurement of protein breakdown

Last Answer : Answer: d Since protein is the functional and structural chemical of the body, most nutritional assessment techniques are estimates of protein reserves. The actual nitrogen balance can ... patients convert from reactive to anergic, and reactivity can be restored by nutritional repletion

The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the humoral immune response is/are correct? a. Helper T lymphocytes stimulate B lymphocytes through secretion of cytokines such as interleukin 4 and 6 b. A number of cells can aid in presenting the antigen to the helper T cell including B lymphocytes and macrophages c. All antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages may become activated and secrete cytokines c. Macrophages serve as phagocytic cells in the tissues but not within the bloodstream d. Polymorphonucleocytes (PMNS) are normally present in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages ... in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Last Answer : Answer: b, d A wide variety of cell types serve to provide host defense at several levels. Macrophages act as the initial antigen processing cell that serves to ... through diapedesis after chemotactic stimuli are excluded by macrophages, bacterial breakdown products, and complement activation

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for both antigen and antibody detection b. Southern, northern, and western immunoblot techniques are used to detect DNA, RNA, or proteins, respectively c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive assay used to detect small amounts of microbial DNA, thus detecting infection at its early stages d. Infectious agents currently detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for ... detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Although the classic detection of infection based on clinical signs of infection and bacterial culture remain the most common clinical tools, increasing ... including CMV and HIV. Furthermore, preliminary investigations into possible detection of fungal pathogens are underway

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. The carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain is the antigen binding site c. Antibody of the immunoglobulin G class is the initial antibody produced in response to an antigenic stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components

Rank the following laboratory tests and procedures in terms of their relative value to a 65-year-old woman who is to undergo elective resection of a sigmoid cancer. A. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN). C. Electrocardiogram (ECG). D. Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb). E. Serum creatinine (Cr). F. Arterial blood oxygen tension (PaO 2) on room air. G. Serum sodium concentration (Na+).

Description : Rank the following laboratory tests and procedures in terms of their relative value to a 65-year-old woman who is to undergo elective resection of a sigmoid cancer. A. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). B. ... Arterial blood oxygen tension (PaO 2) on room air. G. Serum sodium concentration (Na+).

Last Answer : Answer: CDFEBAG DISCUSSION: The most important test by far is the electrocardiogram, with its capacity to indicate signs of occult heart disease. The second most important evaluation is the hemoglobin ... for resection of the colon is always normal and would be of least value among these tests

In a patient of bronchial asthma, inhaled salbutamol produces the following effect(s). (a) Inhibits antigen-antibody reaction in the lungs (b) Causes bronchodilatation (c) Reduces bronchial hyperreactivity (d) Both (b) and (c)

Description : In a patient of bronchial asthma, inhaled salbutamol produces the following effect(s). (a) Inhibits antigen-antibody reaction in the lungs (b) Causes bronchodilatation (c) Reduces bronchial hyperreactivity (d) Both (b) and (c)

Last Answer : Ans: B

What is an antigen and antibody interaction ?

Description : What is an antigen and antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : Antigen-antibody interaction is similar to an enzyme substrate interaction. The reaction between antigen and antibody occurs in two stages. Primary stage is the initial interaction of antigen-antibody ... as precipitation, lysis of cells, neutralization of toxins and fixation of compliments etc.

Give some general features of antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Give some general features of antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : The reaction is specific and antigen combines only with its corresponding antibody and vice versa. Entire molecules react but not the fragment. There is no denaturation of antigen or ... reactions. Antigens and antibodies can combine in various proportions unlike chemicals with fixed valancy.

What are the forces that are responsible for antigen-antibody reactions ?

Description : What are the forces that are responsible for antigen-antibody reactions ?

Last Answer : The process that holds antigen-antibody together is called non-specific interactions. Inter molecular forces may be classified into four- Electrostatic bonds Hydrogen bonds Hydrophobic interactions Vander Val interactions

Explain in brief about electrostatic bonds in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Explain in brief about electrostatic bonds in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : These are formed due to the attraction between opposite charged protein side chains.

Explain in brief about hydrogen bonds antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Explain in brief about hydrogen bonds antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : Reversible hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl, amino and carboxylic group. Although hydrogen bonds are relatively weak, they play an important role in interaction of antigen-antibody.

Explain in brief about hydrophobic interactions in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Explain in brief about hydrophobic interactions in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : Contribute up to 50% of the total strength of antigen- antibody interactions. These reactions are found when ever the side chains of non-polar amino acids of antigen-antibody come together.

Explain in brief about Vander Val interactions in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Explain in brief about Vander Val interactions in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : Temporary transfer of electrons from one molecule to another will result in the force of attraction between them. This is seen when the interacting molecules come close to each other.