Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen

Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen
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Which of the following is a pentameric immunoglobulin and is produced first in a primary response to an antigen A. `I_(g ... ` C. `I_(g)A` D. `I_(g)E`
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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. The carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain is the antigen binding site c. Antibody of the immunoglobulin G class is the initial antibody produced in response to an antigenic stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components

The portion of the immunoglobulin molecule that binds the specific antigen is formed by (A) Variable regions of H and L chains (B) Constant region of H chain (C) Constant region of L chain (D) Hinge region

Description : The portion of the immunoglobulin molecule that binds the specific antigen is formed by (A) Variable regions of H and L chains (B) Constant region of H chain (C) Constant region of L chain (D) Hinge region

Last Answer : Answer : A

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. (a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host’s body. It is called “Active immunity”. (b) When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called “Passive immunity”(c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response. (d) Fetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity.

Description : Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. (a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host's body. It is called Active immunity . (b) When ... full response. (d) Fetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity

Last Answer : c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response.

Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above

Description : Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above

Last Answer : all above

With regard to immunoglobulin A: a. it is the heaviest immunoglobulin b. it is the first immunoglobulin to be produced when the body is invaded by viruses c. it is secreted by the lacrimal gland d. it is secreted in the breast milk

Description : With regard to immunoglobulin A: a. it is the heaviest immunoglobulin b. it is the first immunoglobulin to be produced when the body is invaded by viruses c. it is secreted by the lacrimal gland d. it is secreted in the breast milk

Last Answer : it is secreted by the lacrimal gland

Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association with some other large molecule (D) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Description : Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association ... ) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Last Answer : Answer : D

The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the humoral immune response is/are correct? a. Helper T lymphocytes stimulate B lymphocytes through secretion of cytokines such as interleukin 4 and 6 b. A number of cells can aid in presenting the antigen to the helper T cell including B lymphocytes and macrophages c. All antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

Erythroblastosis fetalis and neonatal hemolytic anemia are caused by a maternal immune response to which fetal blood group antigen: A A. Rh B. P C. MN D. None of these

Description : Erythroblastosis fetalis and neonatal hemolytic anemia are caused by a maternal immune response to which fetal blood group antigen: A A. Rh B. P C. MN D. None of these

Last Answer : Rh

A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection, with most animal viruses, is called (a) histone (b) antibody (c) interferon (d) antigen.

Description : A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection, with most animal viruses, is called (a) histone (b) antibody (c) interferon (d) antigen.

Last Answer : (c) interferon

With regard to interferons: a. they are produced by B lymphocytes b. IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus c. IFN-gamma increases MCH class I and II expression in antigen presenting cell d. IFN-gamma is produced by fibroblasts

Description : With regard to interferons: a. they are produced by B lymphocytes b. IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus c. IFN-gamma increases MCH class I and II expression in antigen presenting cell d. IFN-gamma is produced by fibroblasts

Last Answer : IFN-gamma is produced by cells infected with virus

What is Immunoglobulin ?

Description : What is Immunoglobulin ?

Last Answer : Immunoglobulin "(defense bead") is a type of English Y-shaped (snail-like) protective protein produced by the body's immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance or defense-stimulating antigen.

Assertion : IgM is a type of immunoglobulin which cannot cross the placenta Reason : IgM is a pentamer immunoglobulin jointed by I-chain

Description : Assertion : IgM is a type of immunoglobulin which cannot cross the placenta Reason : IgM is a pentamer immunoglobulin jointed by I-chain

Last Answer : Assertion : IgM is a type of immunoglobulin which cannot cross the placenta Reason : IgM is a ... D. If both the assertion and reason are false

The immunoglobulin which provides highest antiviral activity is (A) Ig D (B) Ig E (C) Ig A (D) Ig G

Description : The immunoglobulin which provides highest antiviral activity is (A) Ig D (B) Ig E (C) Ig A (D) Ig G

Last Answer : Answer : C

The immunoglobulin having least concentration in serum is (A) Ig A (B) Ig M (C) Ig D (D) Ig E

Description : The immunoglobulin having least concentration in serum is (A) Ig A (B) Ig M (C) Ig D (D) Ig E

Last Answer : Answer : D

The immunoglobulin associated with reginic antibody is (A) Ig E (B) Ig D (C) Ig M (D) Ig A

Description : The immunoglobulin associated with reginic antibody is (A) Ig E (B) Ig D (C) Ig M (D) Ig A

Last Answer : Answer : A

The immunoglobulin having highest molecular weight is (A) Ig G (B) Ig M (C) Ig E (D) Ig A MINERAL METABOLISM 187

Description : The immunoglobulin having highest molecular weight is (A) Ig G (B) Ig M (C) Ig E (D) Ig A MINERAL METABOLISM 187

Last Answer : Answer : B

The immunoglobulin having highest sedimentation coefficient is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig D

Description : The immunoglobulin having highest sedimentation coefficient is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig D

Last Answer : Answer : C

The immunoglobulin possessing highest concentration of carbohydrate is (A) Ig G (B) Ig M (C) Ig A (D) Ig D

Description : The immunoglobulin possessing highest concentration of carbohydrate is (A) Ig G (B) Ig M (C) Ig A (D) Ig D

Last Answer : Answer : D

Most heat labile immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig D

Description : Most heat labile immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig D

Last Answer : Answer : D

The immunoglobulin possessing lowest concentration of carbohydrate is (A) Ig A (B) Ig E (C) Ig M (D) Ig G

Description : The immunoglobulin possessing lowest concentration of carbohydrate is (A) Ig A (B) Ig E (C) Ig M (D) Ig G

Last Answer : Answer : D

The immunoglobulin which can cross the placenta is (A) Ig A (B) Ig M (C) Ig G (D) Ig D

Description : The immunoglobulin which can cross the placenta is (A) Ig A (B) Ig M (C) Ig G (D) Ig D

Last Answer : Answer : C

The smallest immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig E (C) Ig D (D) Ig A

Description : The smallest immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig E (C) Ig D (D) Ig A

Last Answer : Answer : A

The class specific function of the different immunoglobulin molecules is constituted by (A) Variable region of L chain (B) Constant region of H chain (C) Variable region of H chain (D) Constant region particularly CH2 and CH3 of H chain

Description : The class specific function of the different immunoglobulin molecules is constituted by (A) Variable region of L chain (B) Constant region of H chain (C) Variable region of H chain (D) Constant region particularly CH2 and CH3 of H chain

Last Answer : Answer : D

A pentamer immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig E

Description : A pentamer immunoglobulin is (A) Ig G (B) Ig A (C) Ig M (D) Ig E

Last Answer : Answer : C

An immunoglobulin molecule always contains (A) 1 κ and 3 λ type of chains (B) 2 κ and 2 λ type of chains (C) 3 κ and 1λ type of chains (D) 2 κ and 2 λ chains

Description : An immunoglobulin molecule always contains (A) 1 κ and 3 λ type of chains (B) 2 κ and 2 λ type of chains (C) 3 κ and 1λ type of chains (D) 2 κ and 2 λ chains

Last Answer : Answer : D

Bence-Jones protein is (A) An immunoglobulin (B) A dimer of heavy chains (C) A dimer of light chains (D) A dimer of one heavy and one light chains

Description : Bence-Jones protein is (A) An immunoglobulin (B) A dimer of heavy chains (C) A dimer of light chains (D) A dimer of one heavy and one light chains

Last Answer : Answer : C

The immunoglobulin having the longest half-life is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Description : The immunoglobulin having the longest half-life is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : B

An immunoglobulin which can cross the placental barrier is (A) IgA (B) IgM (C) IgD (D) None of these

Description : An immunoglobulin which can cross the placental barrier is (A) IgA (B) IgM (C) IgD (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

An immunoglobulin found in exocrine secretions is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Description : An immunoglobulin found in exocrine secretions is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : A

The largest immunoglobulin is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Description : The largest immunoglobulin is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Last Answer : Answer : C

The most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Description : The most abundant immunoglobulin in plasma is (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgD

Last Answer : Answer : B

The minimum number of polypeptide chains in an immunoglobulin is (A) Two (B) Four (C) Five (D) Six

Description : The minimum number of polypeptide chains in an immunoglobulin is (A) Two (B) Four (C) Five (D) Six

Last Answer : Answer : B

Leukocyte activation and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells is a critical step in the inflammatory process. This process is regulated by which of the following molecules? a. The selectins b. The b5 integrins c. The immunoglobulin supergene family d. Nitric oxide e. IL-8

Description : Leukocyte activation and adhesion to vascular endothelial cells is a critical step in the inflammatory process. This process is regulated by which of the following molecules? a. The selectins b. The b5 integrins c. The immunoglobulin supergene family d. Nitric oxide e. IL-8

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d, e The temporal events that initiate and propagate neutrophil recruitment and inflammation include endothelial cell activation and expression of endothelial-derived ... role in neutrophil recruitment and activation, and the continued propagation of the inflammatory response

Which type of immunoglobulin level will increase when an individual is exposed to a parasite ?

Description : Which type of immunoglobulin level will increase when an individual is exposed to a parasite ?

Last Answer : Serum IgE levels will increase and remain until the parasite is washed out from the body.

The red colour of human blood is due to (1) myoglobin (2) hemoglobin (3) immunoglobulin (4) haptoglobin

Description : The red colour of human blood is due to (1) myoglobin (2) hemoglobin (3) immunoglobulin (4) haptoglobin

Last Answer : (2) hemoglobin Explanation: Hemoglobin is the ironcontaining oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates which carries oxygen from the respiratory organs to the rest of the body. It ... oxygen than had in the vein the blood' came from. Therefore, the blood turns red.

Bacterial opsonization is mediated by which one of the following? C A. Hageman factor B. Prostaglandin I2 C. Immunoglobulin G D. None of these

Description : Bacterial opsonization is mediated by which one of the following? C A. Hageman factor B. Prostaglandin I2 C. Immunoglobulin G D. None of these

Last Answer : Immunoglobulin G

Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the new born infants because it contains (a) immunoglobulin A (b) natural killer cells (c) monocytes (d) macrophages.

Description : Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the new born infants because it contains (a) immunoglobulin A (b) natural killer cells (c) monocytes (d) macrophages.

Last Answer : (a) immunoglobulin A

The following proteins found in the tear of a normal person have antibacterial activity: a. lysozyme b. lymphokines c. betalysin d. immunoglobulin M

Description : The following proteins found in the tear of a normal person have antibacterial activity: a. lysozyme b. lymphokines c. betalysin d. immunoglobulin M

Last Answer : lysozyme

14.The immunoglobulin present in colostrum is (a) IgE (b) IgM (c) IgG (d) IgA

Description : 14.The immunoglobulin present in colostrum is (a) IgE (b) IgM (c) IgG (d) IgA

Last Answer : (b) IgM

Which is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta? a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG

Description : Which is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta? a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG

Last Answer : d. IgG

The red colour of human blood is due to (1) myoglobin (2) hemoglobin (3) immunoglobulin (4) haptoglobin

Description : The red colour of human blood is due to (1) myoglobin (2) hemoglobin (3) immunoglobulin (4) haptoglobin

Last Answer : hemoglobin

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary immune response?

Description : What is the difference between a primary and a secondary immune response?

Last Answer : A: A primary immune response occurs when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen for the first time, while a secondary immune response occurs when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen it has encountered before.

What are the three primary players in the body and response to stress?

Description : What are the three primary players in the body and response to stress?

Last Answer : Need answer

Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the toxic effects that occur during gram-negative bacterial sepsis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning LPS and the host response. a. The LPS molecule can in itself cause physiologic responses similar to that seen during gram-negative bacterial sepsis b. LPS triggers host macrophages to release a variety of cytokines including TNF-a, IL-1a, and IL-1b, IL-6, and IFN-a c. Excessive cytokine production is not associated with detrimental consequences d. TNFa and IL-1b appear to be the primary mediators within the host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the syst

Description : Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the ... host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the systemic circulation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The LPS molecule exerts diverse effects on the mammalian host. Immunologic responses to LPS include nonspecific polyclonal B-cell proliferation, macrophage activation and ... deleterious effects on the host only after large amounts are secreted and reach the systemic circulation

What is primary immune response ?

Description : What is primary immune response ?

Last Answer : First exposure to an antigen produces primary immune response.

What is primary element and what should be its response?

Description : What is primary element and what should be its response?

Last Answer : Primary element is one, which senses the condition of process, and converts it to some other form, which can be measured accurately. Example in a bourden gauge the pressure if changed to the ... should convert the condition in to some other form, which can be interpreted and measured easily.  

Negative phase is observed in A- secondary humoral response B- primary humoral response C- both (a) and (b) D- none of the above

Description : Negative phase is observed in A- secondary humoral response B- primary humoral response C- both (a) and (b) D- none of the above

Last Answer : secondary humoral response