Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association with some other large molecule (D) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Antigens and haptens have the following similarity: (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They can elicit immune response by themselves (C) They can elicit an immune response only in association with some other large molecule (D) Once an immune response develops, free antigen and free hapten can be recognized by the antibody
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Answer : D
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All the following statements about haptens are true except (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They cannot elicit an immune response by themselves (C) When combined with some other large molecule, they can elicit an immune response (D) Once an immune response develops, the free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Description : All the following statements about haptens are true except (A) They have high molecular weights (B) They cannot elicit an immune response by themselves (C) When combined with some other large ... response (D) Once an immune response develops, the free hapten can be recognized by the antibody

Last Answer : Answer : A

The portion of the antigen molecule which is recognized by antibody is known as (A) Hapten (B) Epitope (C) Complement (D) Variable region

Description : The portion of the antigen molecule which is recognized by antibody is known as (A) Hapten (B) Epitope (C) Complement (D) Variable region

Last Answer : Answer : B

Passive artificial immunity occurs in the body when a/an _____ is injected into the body or when a developing fetus receives antibodies across the placenta. a. antibody-rich serum b. antigens c. haptens d. adjuvant

Description : Passive artificial immunity occurs in the body when a/an _____ is injected into the body or when a developing fetus receives antibodies across the placenta. a. antibody-rich serum b. antigens c. haptens d. adjuvant

Last Answer : a. antibody-rich serum

The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the humoral immune response is/are correct? a. Helper T lymphocytes stimulate B lymphocytes through secretion of cytokines such as interleukin 4 and 6 b. A number of cells can aid in presenting the antigen to the helper T cell including B lymphocytes and macrophages c. All antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

In which of the following case a large lattice is formed? A.Antibody is in excess B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion C.Antigen is in excess D.None of these

Description : In which of the following case a large lattice is formed? A.Antibody is in excess B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion C.Antigen is in excess D.None of these

Last Answer : B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion

In which of the following case a large lattice is formed? A.Antibody is in excess B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion C.Antigen is in excess D.None of these

Description : In which of the following case a large lattice is formed? A.Antibody is in excess B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion C.Antigen is in excess D.None of these

Last Answer : B.Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportion

What is correct for blood group O? (a) No antigens but both a and b antibodies are present. (b) A antigen and b antibody present. (c) Antigen and antibody both absent. (d) A and B antigens and a, b antibodies present.

Description : What is correct for blood group O? (a) No antigens but both a and b antibodies are present. (b) A antigen and b antibody present. (c) Antigen and antibody both absent. (d) A and B antigens and a, b antibodies present.

Last Answer : (a) No antigens but both a and b antibodies are present.

Person with blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because he has (a) both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma (b) both A and B antibodies in the plasma (c) no antigen on RBC and no antibody in the plasma (d) both A and B antigens in the plasma but no antibodies.

Description : Person with blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because he has (a) both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma (b) both A and B antibodies in the plasma (c) no antigen on RBC and no antibody in the plasma (d) both A and B antigens in the plasma but no antibodies.

Last Answer : (a) both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma

Antigens that bind directly to MHC proteins without any processing are known as _____. a. epitopes b. haptens c. superantigens d. naïve cells

Description : Antigens that bind directly to MHC proteins without any processing are known as _____. a. epitopes b. haptens c. superantigens d. naïve cells

Last Answer : c. superantigens

Haptens are: (1) Pseudoantigens (2) Incomplete antigens (3) Antibodies (4) Isoantigens

Description : Haptens are: (1) Pseudoantigens (2) Incomplete antigens (3) Antibodies (4) Isoantigens

Last Answer : Incomplete antigens

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for both antigen and antibody detection b. Southern, northern, and western immunoblot techniques are used to detect DNA, RNA, or proteins, respectively c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive assay used to detect small amounts of microbial DNA, thus detecting infection at its early stages d. Infectious agents currently detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for ... detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Although the classic detection of infection based on clinical signs of infection and bacterial culture remain the most common clinical tools, increasing ... including CMV and HIV. Furthermore, preliminary investigations into possible detection of fungal pathogens are underway

Which of the following terms refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response? a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens. b) Granulocyte Granulocytes include basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils. c) Spherocyte A spherocyte is a red blood cell without central pallor, seen with hemolysis. d) Thrombocyte A thombocyte is a platelet.

Description : Which of the following terms refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response? a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens. b) Granulocyte Granulocytes ... blood cell without central pallor, seen with hemolysis. d) Thrombocyte A thombocyte is a platelet.

Last Answer : a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens.

The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule

Description : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule

Last Answer : The antigen -binding sites are present where on the antibody molecule A. on light chain as well as ... region of light chain D. on heavy chain only

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. The carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain is the antigen binding site c. Antibody of the immunoglobulin G class is the initial antibody produced in response to an antigenic stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the antibody response to an invading antigen? a. All antibodies are composed of one type of heavy and one type of light protein chain b. ... stimulus d. Immunoglobulins A, D, and E play an active role in the circulating humoral response

Last Answer : Answer: a Humoral defenses consist of antibody (immunoglobulin; Ig) and complement. All Ig classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD) and IgG subclasses are composed of one type (M, G, A, E, D ... exist in smaller amounts in the circulation and do not appear to play a major role as host defense components

A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection, with most animal viruses, is called (a) histone (b) antibody (c) interferon (d) antigen.

Description : A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection, with most animal viruses, is called (a) histone (b) antibody (c) interferon (d) antigen.

Last Answer : (c) interferon

Acquired immunity usually involves protein receptors on B and T cells that recognize discrete regions of the antigen called _____. a. haptens b. epitopes c. antibodies d. protein receptors

Description : Acquired immunity usually involves protein receptors on B and T cells that recognize discrete regions of the antigen called _____. a. haptens b. epitopes c. antibodies d. protein receptors

Last Answer : b. epitopes

Erythroblastosis fetalis and neonatal hemolytic anemia are caused by a maternal immune response to which fetal blood group antigen: A A. Rh B. P C. MN D. None of these

Description : Erythroblastosis fetalis and neonatal hemolytic anemia are caused by a maternal immune response to which fetal blood group antigen: A A. Rh B. P C. MN D. None of these

Last Answer : Rh

Choose the correct statement about topical NSAID preparations: A. They produce high drug levels in the blood by avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism B. They produce high drug levels in the subjacent muscle and joint tissues upto a depth/distance of 10 cm from the site of application C. They elicit symptomatic relief in soft tissue rheumatism mainly by a strong placebo effect D. Interindividual variability in clinical response to these preparations is minimal

Description : Choose the correct statement about topical NSAID preparations: A. They produce high drug levels in the blood by avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism B. They produce high drug levels in ... a strong placebo effect D. Interindividual variability in clinical response to these preparations is minimal

Last Answer : C. They elicit symptomatic relief in soft tissue rheumatism mainly by a strong placebo effect

Which of the following statements is false regarding B cells? A- B cells can undergo class switching and produce a different antibody type B- B one marrow stem cells migrate to the thymus and develop into B cells C- B cells synthesize antibodies and put them on their cell surface D- B cells that recognize high concentrations of antigens (self) in the absence of other signals

Description : Which of the following statements is false regarding B cells? A- B cells can undergo class switching and produce a different antibody type B- B one marrow stem cells migrate to the thymus and ... D- B cells that recognize high concentrations of antigens (self) in the absence of other signals

Last Answer : B one marrow stem cells migrate to the thymus and develop into B cells

The most popularly known blood grouping is the ABO grouping. It is named ABO and not ABC,because “O” in it refers to having (a) overdominance of this type on the genes for A and B types (b) one antibody only - either anti - A or anti - B on the RBCs (c) no antigens A and B on RBCs (d) other antigens besides A and B on RBCs

Description : The most popularly known blood grouping is the ABO grouping. It is named ABO and not ABC, because O in it refers to having (a) overdominance of this type on the genes for A and B types (b) one antibody ... on the RBCs (c) no antigens A and B on RBCs (d) other antigens besides A and B on RBCs

Last Answer : (c) no antigens A and B on RBCs

On exposure to any antigen, the first antibody to be formed is of the following class: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Description : On exposure to any antigen, the first antibody to be formed is of the following class: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : C

The alternate complement pathway doesn’t involve (A) Antigen-antibody complex (B) Complement 3 (C) Factors B and D (D) Membrane attack unit

Description : The alternate complement pathway doesn’t involve (A) Antigen-antibody complex (B) Complement 3 (C) Factors B and D (D) Membrane attack unit

Last Answer : Answer : A

Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above

Description : Ig G: a. has a molecular weight of 150000 b. is the principal immunoglobulin in secondary immune response c. is the most common circulating immunoglobulins in the serum d. all above

Last Answer : all above

In the ABO system of blood groups, if both antigens are present but no antibody, the blood group of the individual would be (a) B (b) O (c) AB (d) A.

Description : In the ABO system of blood groups, if both antigens are present but no antibody, the blood group of the individual would be (a) B (b) O (c) AB (d) A.

Last Answer : (c) AB

When antigens are attached to the surface of latex beads and then reacted with an appropriate antibody, a/an reaction occurs. a. Inhibition b. Agglutination c. Neutralization d. Precipitation

Description : When antigens are attached to the surface of latex beads and then reacted with an appropriate antibody, a/an reaction occurs. a. Inhibition b. Agglutination c. Neutralization d. Precipitation

Last Answer : b. Agglutination

An antigens develop antibodies. The Antibody which protect the body from harmful bacteria and viruses are?

Description : An antigens develop antibodies. The Antibody which protect the body from harmful bacteria and viruses are?

Last Answer : Immunoglobulins

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase. (c) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

Description : Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV ... ) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

Last Answer : (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.

A person with 'AB' blood group is sometimes called a universal recipient because of the – (1) lack of antigen in his blood (2) lack of antibodies in his blood (3) lack of both antigens and antibodies in his blood (4) presence of antibodies in his blood

Description : A person with 'AB' blood group is sometimes called a universal recipient because of the – (1) lack of antigen in his blood (2) lack of antibodies in his blood (3) lack of both antigens and antibodies in his blood (4) presence of antibodies in his blood

Last Answer : (2) lack of antibodies in his blood

What is antisense technology? (a) When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene (b) RNA polymerase producing DNA (c) A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for synthesis of antigens (d) Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures

Description : What is antisense technology? (a) When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene (b) RNA polymerase producing DNA (c) A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for synthesis of antigens (d) Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures

Last Answer : (a) When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene

A hybridoma cell a. Secretes monoclonal antibodies. b. Presents antigens on its surface. c. Secretes polyclonal antibodies. d. Is an antigen-presenting cell

Description : A hybridoma cell a. Secretes monoclonal antibodies. b. Presents antigens on its surface. c. Secretes polyclonal antibodies. d. Is an antigen-presenting cell

Last Answer : d. Is an antigen-presenting cell

An attenuated vaccine contains a. Inactive toxins. b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens. c. Killed bacteria. d. Noninfective antigen subunits.

Description : An attenuated vaccine contains a. Inactive toxins. b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens. c. Killed bacteria. d. Noninfective antigen subunits.

Last Answer : b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens.

Which one of the following is not an antigen? a. A toxin b. A virus c. A bacterial cell d. All (A-C) are antigens

Description : Which one of the following is not an antigen? a. A toxin b. A virus c. A bacterial cell d. All (A-C) are antigens

Last Answer : d. All (A-C) are antigens

Hemoglobin is a molecule made of four polypeptide chains, each bound to a iron-containing molecular group called a heme group. So the molecule contains four polypeptide chains and four heme groups. As a protein composed of association of polypeptide chains, the functionality of hemoglobin depends upon the integrity of its quaternary structure. Blood Questions - Image Diversity: hemoglobin molecule

Description : Hemoglobin is a molecule made of four polypeptide chains, each bound to a iron-containing molecular group called a heme group. So the molecule contains four polypeptide chains and four ... depends upon the integrity of its quaternary structure. Blood Questions - Image Diversity: hemoglobin molecule

Last Answer : On average what is the life duration of the red blood cells?

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complexes formed when antigens bind to antibodies? a) Type III Type III hypersensitivity is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness, certain types of nephritis, and some types of bacterial endocarditis.

Description : Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complexes formed when antigens bind to antibodies? a) Type III Type III hypersensitivity is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid ... , or delayed-type, hypersensitivity occurs 24-72 hours after exposure to an allergen.

Last Answer : a) Type III Type III hypersensitivity is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness, certain types of nephritis, and some types of bacterial endocarditis.

During which stage of the immune response does the circulating lymphocyte containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node? a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte stimulates some of the resident dormant T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate.

Description : During which stage of the immune response does the circulating lymphocyte containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node? a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte ... cellular response reaches and couples with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.

Last Answer : a) Proliferation Once in the node, the sensitized lymphocyte stimulates some of the resident dormant T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate.

During the course of a cellular hypersensitivity a. Antibodies react with antigens in tissues. b. Serotonin and histamine are released by cells. c. Immune complexes form on blood vessel surfacesd. A skin thickening called an induration may form..

Description : During the course of a cellular hypersensitivity a. Antibodies react with antigens in tissues. b. Serotonin and histamine are released by cells. c. Immune complexes form on blood vessel surfaces. d. A skin thickening called an induration may form.

Last Answer : b. Serotonin and histamine are released by cells.

Hyperimmune serum is serum with a higher than normal level of _____. a. antigens b. antibodies c. toxins d. immune cells

Description : Hyperimmune serum is serum with a higher than normal level of _____. a. antigens b. antibodies c. toxins d. immune cells

Last Answer : b. antibodies

The immune system normally discriminates between which types of antigens. a) B and T cells b) self and non-self c) humoral and cell-mediated d) primary and secondary

Description : The immune system normally discriminates between which types of antigens. a) B and T cells b) self and non-self c) humoral and cell-mediated d) primary and secondary

Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- SELF AND NON-SELF

Give some general features of antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Give some general features of antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : The reaction is specific and antigen combines only with its corresponding antibody and vice versa. Entire molecules react but not the fragment. There is no denaturation of antigen or ... reactions. Antigens and antibodies can combine in various proportions unlike chemicals with fixed valancy.

What is the difference between an antibody and an antigen?

Description : What is the difference between an antibody and an antigen?

Last Answer : A: An antigen is any substance that can elicit an immune response, while an antibody is a protein produced by the immune system in response to an antigen that binds specifically to that antigen to help neutralize or eliminate it from the body.

Which of the following is based upon the principle of antigen - antibody interaction?

Description : Which of the following is based upon the principle of antigen - antibody interaction?

Last Answer : Which of the following is based upon the principle of antigen - antibody interaction? A. PCR B. ELISA C. r-DNA technology D. RNA

Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Description : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Last Answer : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between: A. two light chains B. two heavy ... one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen

Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Description : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between:

Last Answer : Antigen binding site in an antibody is found between: A. two light chains B. two heavy ... one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen

In a patient of bronchial asthma, inhaled salbutamol produces the following effect(s). (a) Inhibits antigen-antibody reaction in the lungs (b) Causes bronchodilatation (c) Reduces bronchial hyperreactivity (d) Both (b) and (c)

Description : In a patient of bronchial asthma, inhaled salbutamol produces the following effect(s). (a) Inhibits antigen-antibody reaction in the lungs (b) Causes bronchodilatation (c) Reduces bronchial hyperreactivity (d) Both (b) and (c)

Last Answer : Ans: B

What is an antigen and antibody interaction ?

Description : What is an antigen and antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : Antigen-antibody interaction is similar to an enzyme substrate interaction. The reaction between antigen and antibody occurs in two stages. Primary stage is the initial interaction of antigen-antibody ... as precipitation, lysis of cells, neutralization of toxins and fixation of compliments etc.

What are the forces that are responsible for antigen-antibody reactions ?

Description : What are the forces that are responsible for antigen-antibody reactions ?

Last Answer : The process that holds antigen-antibody together is called non-specific interactions. Inter molecular forces may be classified into four- Electrostatic bonds Hydrogen bonds Hydrophobic interactions Vander Val interactions

Explain in brief about electrostatic bonds in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Explain in brief about electrostatic bonds in antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : These are formed due to the attraction between opposite charged protein side chains.

Explain in brief about hydrogen bonds antigen-antibody interaction ?

Description : Explain in brief about hydrogen bonds antigen-antibody interaction ?

Last Answer : Reversible hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl, amino and carboxylic group. Although hydrogen bonds are relatively weak, they play an important role in interaction of antigen-antibody.