State any four causes and two effects of earthquake

State any four causes and two effects of earthquake 
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1 Answer

Answer :

Possible cause of an earthquake are classified into below categories

i) Movement of tectonic plates

ii) Volcanic eruption

iii) Anthropogenic sources

iv) Dams

v) Use of explosives

vi) Sport games

vii) Injection and Extraction of fluids

viii) Removal of natural gases

Movement of tectonic plates: The tectonic earthquakes are perhaps caused by the slippage or movement of the rock masses along the rupture or break. The non tectonic type of earthquakes includes earthquakes caused by a number of easily understandable processes such as volcanic eruption superficial movement like landslides. These are generally very severe and area affected is often very large. All such processes may introduce vibrations into the ground by jerk

Volcanic eruption: Earthquakes may also occur in volcanic regions And are caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes. Such earthquakes can be an early warning eruption.

Anthropogenic sources: Some earthquakes have anthropogenic sources such as  extraction of minerals and fossil fuel the Earth’s crust reservoir-included seismicity massive explosions and collapse of large building.

Dams: A rare few earthquakes have been associated with the build-up of large masses of water behind dams.

Use of explosives: The detonation of powerful explosives such as nuclear explosions can cause low-magnitude ground shaking nuclear bomb also produce the seismic shock so powerful that it was measurable even on third passage around the  Earth.

Sport games: Sports games have been known to inadvertently produce micro 

 Earthquakes in which the effect register on the campus seismograph.

Injection and Extraction of fluids: With injection or extraction of fluids into the earth’s crust (e.g. at certain geothermal power plants and at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal) such earthquakes occur because the strength of the earth’s crust can be  Modified by fluid pressure.

 Possible effect of an earthquake :

i) Shaking and ground rupture.

ii) Landslides and Avalanches

iii) Fires

iv) Soil liquefaction

v) Tsunamis
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