State the procedure for the determination of water content by oven-drying method.

State the procedure for the determination of water content by oven-drying method.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

i) This is commonly adopted and simplest method for determination of water content of a soil sample in the laboratory.

ii) The method basically consists of drying a weighed moist sample of soil in an oven at a controlled temperature for a period of twenty four hours after which the dry weight of the sample is taken.

iii) The drying of soil is recommended at a temperature of 105o -110o C as temperature higher than 110o Cmay break the crystalline structure of crystallization thus giving wrong results

iv) A lower temperature of 60o C is recommended for highly organic soils at 110o C oxidation of organic matter may take place.

v) Sand and gravels require less time to dry, i.e. 4 to 6 hours but routine laboratory procedure is for drying for twenty four hours at 105o -110o C.

vi) A clean non-corrodible container is weighed within 0.001 gm accuracy.

vii) About 30-40 gm of moist soil sample is placed in it and weighed accurately.

viii) It is then placed in the oven for drying at 1100 C for 24 hours.

ix) After 24 hours, it is taken out allowed to cool and weighed again

The water content is then calculated as shown below:

Let W1 = Weight of container

 W2 = Weight of container with moist sample

 W3 = Weight of container with dried sample

Weight of water Ww = W2 - W3

Weight of solids Ws = W1 W1

image

The above table gives the minimum quantity of soil sample to be taken for test.

 

by

Related questions

State the step by step procedure for determination of OMC and MDD using standard proctor test and explain compaction curve.

Description : State the step by step procedure for determination of OMC and MDD using standard proctor test and explain compaction curve. 

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Take about 5 Kg. of de-aired soil passing through sieve 20mm in tray. 2. Add about 4% water (approximately 120ml) to the soil and mixed thoroughly with trowel and cover it ... decreases. Since there is formation of double layer of water around soil particles in the same volume.  

Define specific gravity of soil. Explain the stepwise procedure of determination of specific gravity of soil by pycnometer.

Description : Define specific gravity of soil. Explain the stepwise procedure of determination of specific gravity of soil by pycnometer. 

Last Answer : Specific Gravity: It is ratio of unit weight in air of a given volume of soil solids at a specific temperature to unit weight in air of an equal volume of distilled water at same temperature. ... Repeat all above steps two more times to calculate average specific gravity of given soil sample.

Accurate determination of water content, is made by (A) Calcium carbide method (B) Sand bath method (C) Alcohol method (D) Oven-drying method

Description : Accurate determination of water content, is made by (A) Calcium carbide method (B) Sand bath method (C) Alcohol method (D) Oven-drying method

Last Answer : (D) Oven-drying method

For proper field control, which of the following methods is best suited for quick determination of water content of a soil mass? (A) Oven drying method (B) Sand bath method (C) Alcohol method (D) Calcium carbide method

Description : For proper field control, which of the following methods is best suited for quick determination of water content of a soil mass? (A) Oven drying method (B) Sand bath method (C) Alcohol method (D) Calcium carbide method

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Which of the following methods is most accurate for the determination of the water content of soil? (A) Oven drying method (B) Sand bath method (C) Calcium carbide method (D) Pycnometer method

Description : Which of the following methods is most accurate for the determination of the water content of soil? (A) Oven drying method (B) Sand bath method (C) Calcium carbide method (D) Pycnometer method

Last Answer : Option A

Explain the method of determination in-situ density with a core-cutter.

Description : Explain the method of determination in-situ density with a core-cutter.

Last Answer : Dry unit weight of soil (γd) :The dry unit weight (γd) is the weight of solids (Ws) per unit of its total volume (V) (prior to drying) of the soil mass. (γd) = Ws/ V Procedure ... content determination. -Repeat the test at two or three locations nearly and get the average dry density

Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Description : Explain with neat sketch stepwise procedure to determine bulk density by sand replacement method.

Last Answer : i) A flat area, approximately 450sq.mm of the soil to be tested should be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface, preferably with the aid of the scraper tool. ii) The metal tray with a ... gram. These measurements should be repeated at least thrice and the mean weight (W3) taken.    

Write step by step procedure to determine coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil by falling head method in laboratory.

Description : Write step by step procedure to determine coefficient of permeability of fine grained soil by falling head method in laboratory.

Last Answer : This method is suitable for fine grained soil as quantity of water collected through soil mass is very less and cannot be measured accurately 2. The falling head test is used for relatively less permeable ... equal to the difference of water level in the stand pipe and the bottom tank. 

Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Description : Write the laboratory procedure to determine liquid limit by Casagrande’s method with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Procedure of liquid limit 1. Take about 120 gm of air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS Sieve in metal tray. 2. Add 20% distilled water to form uniform soil paste. 3. Put this soil paste in the ... graph as liquid limit (wL) of given soil sample.  (ii) Grooving Toos  

Explain with sketch specific gravity determination by pcynometer.

Description : Explain with sketch specific gravity determination by pcynometer.

Last Answer : Determination of specific gravity by pycnometer test: Precedure :- 1. Dry the pycnometer and weigh it with its cap (W1) 2. Take about 200 g to 300 g of oven dried soil passing through 4. ... with cap screw on. 8. Weigh the pycnometer after drying it on the outside thoroughly (W4).

Explain the determination of liquid limit of soil with neat sketches.

Description : Explain the determination of liquid limit of soil with neat sketches.

Last Answer : Procedure of Liquid Limit Test: 1. Take about 120 gm. of air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS sieve in metal tray. Add 20 % distilled water to the soil sample to form uniform soil ... content corresponding to 25 blows from graph as liquid limit (WL) of given soil sample.  

Explain the determination of plastic limit of soil.

Description : Explain the determination of plastic limit of soil.

Last Answer : Procedure for determination of plastic limit of soil: 1. Take 20-25 gm air dried soil sample passing through 425 micron IS sieve. 2. Add distilled water in soil and mix it thoroughly for 10-15 ... all above steps two more tones to get average water content as plastic limit (WP) given soil sample.

Write step by step procedure to determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer in laboratory.

Description : Write step by step procedure to determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer in laboratory.

Last Answer : 1. Clean the pycnometer and dry it, find the mass of pycnometer, brass cap and washer accurate to 1g. say M1 2. Put about 200gm to 400gm of wet soil sample in pycnometer and find its mass with its cap ... it top of cap and find its weight say M4. 5. The specific gravity is calculated by 

Explain laboratory procedure for mechanical sieve analysis of soil.

Description : Explain laboratory procedure for mechanical sieve analysis of soil.

Last Answer : Laboratory Procedure for mechanical sieve Analysis Mechanical in laboratory 1) Dry sieve Analysis 2) Wet sieve analysis Apparatus required for test - i) Weighing balance accurate to 1g and 0.1g ... through the set of sieves. The material retained on each sieve is weighed and analysed

State any four methods to find water content of soil sample.

Description : State any four methods to find water content of soil sample. 

Last Answer : The direct determination of moisture content can be made by a) Oven drying b) Infrared c) Sand bath method. The indirect method are a) Calcium carbide b) Penetration resistance (proctor needle) c) Nuclear d) Pycnometer 

You are given a sample of soil containing coarse grains to determine its water content, you will use (A) Pycnometer (B) Oven-drying method (C) Calcium carbide method (D) Alcohol method

Description : You are given a sample of soil containing coarse grains to determine its water content, you will use (A) Pycnometer (B) Oven-drying method (C) Calcium carbide method (D) Alcohol method

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

Define void ratio; porosity; water content and degree of saturation.

Description : Define void ratio; porosity; water content and degree of saturation.

Last Answer : i) Voids Ratio: Voids ratio e of a given soil sample is the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil solids in the given soil mass. e=Vv/Vs ii) Porosity: The ratio of volume of voids ( ... ratio of the volume of water in the voids to the volume of voids. It is expressed as per cent

Define water content and voids ratio of soil.

Description : Define water content and voids ratio of soil.

Last Answer : Water content- It is the ratio of weight of water to weight of soil soilds which is measured in percentage called as water content.  Voids ratio – It is the ratio of volume of voids to volume of solids called as voids ratio.

Define : i. Void ratio ii. Water content.

Description : Define : i. Void ratio ii. Water content. 

Last Answer : i. Void Ratio: It is the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of solids.  ii. Water It is the ratio of the weight of water (Ww) to the weight of solids (Ws). 

Define: 1) Degree of saturation and 2) Air content.

Description : Define: 1) Degree of saturation and 2) Air content.

Last Answer : i) Degree of saturation: The degree saturation is a ratio of the volume of water in the voids to the volume of voids. It is expressed as per cent ii) Air When soil mass is completely dry the ... = Vv Air content is defined as ratio of volume of air to volume of voids, i.e ac =Va/Vv

Determination of water content of a soil sample suspected to contain gypsum is made by drying the sample for longer period at a temperature not more than (A) 60°C (B) 80°C (C) 100°C (D) 110°C

Description : Determination of water content of a soil sample suspected to contain gypsum is made by drying the sample for longer period at a temperature not more than (A) 60°C (B) 80°C (C) 100°C (D) 110°C

Last Answer : (B) 80°C

State method of construction of earth quake resisting structure.

Description : State method of construction of earth quake resisting structure.

Last Answer : Methods of Construction of Earthquake Resisting Structure: - 1. The foundation should be provided over the hard rock with no sign of faults. 2. The building should be symmetrical and rectangular in ... Short RCC and Steel column should be designed. 7. Load bearing structures should be avoided. 

Explain the plate load test with sketch of reaction truss method.

Description : Explain the plate load test with sketch of reaction truss method.

Last Answer : i) Plate load test is field test to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil and probable settlement under given loading. ii)The test essentially consist in loading a rigid plate, called bearing ... and load intensity and ultimate bearing capacity (qu) of soil is found out. 

Define Soil Stabilization. State any three points of necessary of soil stabilization.

Description : Define Soil Stabilization. State any three points of necessary of soil stabilization.

Last Answer : Define: - Soil Stabilization is defined as improving the engineering performance of soil by artificial means. Necessity of Soil Stabilization : - 1. To increase the shear strength of soil. 2. To reduce ... of structures. 6. To increase the density of soil. 7. To reduce permeability of soil.

State the types of earthquakes based on focus and Richter scale.

Description : State the types of earthquakes based on focus and Richter scale. 

Last Answer : Earthquakes based on focus distributed in three general depth ranges: i) Shallow earthquakes originate within about 60 kilometers of the surfaces ii) Intermediate earthquakes have foci between 60 to 300 ... causes several damages iii) Magnitude 2 represents the smallest tremor that can be felt. 

State any four physical properties of minerals.

Description : State any four physical properties of minerals. 

Last Answer : i) External appearance and Internal Structure ii) Cleavage iii) Fracture iv) Hardness v) Specific gravity vi) Colour vii) Steak viii) Luster

What is a fold and state its types ?

Description : What is a fold and state its types ? 

Last Answer : Fold: It is defined as undulations or curvatures developed in the rocks of the crust as a result of stresses to which these rocks have been subjected from time to time in the past history of the earth. ... open fold and thickness is more at trough and crest at the limbs is called closed fold.

What is meant by geologic cycle? State the types of weathering and explain brief.

Description : What is meant by geologic cycle? State the types of weathering and explain brief.

Last Answer : Geologic cycle: The most important of these begins with molten magma from within the earth crystallizing into rock then continues with the rock being broken down into soil and that soil then being ... the break down and decay of rock indeed their part in soil formation is of major significance

State and briefly explain any four physical properties of minerals.

Description : State and briefly explain any four physical properties of minerals. 

Last Answer : Minerals have distinguishing physical properties that in most cases can be use to determine the identity of the mineral. Among the various properties crystal, habit, cleavage, hardness, density, luster, ... volume of water) Colour: color is sometimes an extremely diagnostic property of mineral

State suitability of following compaction equipments (i) Smooth wheel roller (ii) Sheep foot roller, (iii) Rammer and (iv) Vibrator

Description : State suitability of following compaction equipments (i) Smooth wheel roller (ii) Sheep foot roller, (iii) Rammer and (iv) Vibrator

Last Answer : Types of Compaction Equipment: - i) Compaction by Rolling: - a) Smooth wheel rollers : Suitability: These rollers best suitable for 5ubgrade or base coarse compaction of cohesion less soils. ... : Suitable for compacting granular soils. with no fines in layer up to 1 m thickness

Define compaction and state purpose of compaction.

Description : Define compaction and state purpose of compaction.

Last Answer : Define Compaction : Instant compression of soil under dynamic load is called compaction Purpose of compaction : 1. To increase density and thereby shear strength and bearing capacity of soil, this is ... of earth dam. 5.To increase resistance towards erossion of soil by rain and other causes.

Define shear strength of soil and state field situations of shear failure.

Description : Define shear strength of soil and state field situations of shear failure. 

Last Answer : Shear Strength of Soil: Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. . Field situations where shear failure occurs 1) ... wall, especially surcharge 3)Under foundation along planes of maximum shear 4) Sub grades of road.

Define Flow Net and state its characteristic

Description : Define Flow Net and state its characteristic

Last Answer : Flow Net: - The grid, mesh or net formed by intersection of equipotential line and flow a line is called as flow net. Characteristic of Flow Net: - i) In a flow net, flow lines ... approximately squares. v) The flow net is representative of the flow pattern and dissipation of the hydraulic head.

State formation and classification of soil.

Description : State formation and classification of soil.

Last Answer : Soils are formed by numerous process of weathering both physical and chemical. A boulder pried loose from the side of mountain by rapidly flowing water of river and came along with the water ay has result of ... parent rocks. a) Colluvial soil b) Alluvial soil c) Glacial soil d) Eolian soil

Define minerals and state any six properties of minerals.

Description : Define minerals and state any six properties of minerals.

Last Answer : Minerals have distinguishing physical properties that in most cases can be use to determine the identity of the mineral. Among the various properties crystal, habit, cleavage, hardness, density, luster, ... of water) Colour: color is sometimes an extremely diagnostic property of mineral

State any four causes and two effects of earthquake

Description : State any four causes and two effects of earthquake 

Last Answer : Possible cause of an earthquake are classified into below categories i) Movement of tectonic plates ii) Volcanic eruption iii) Anthropogenic sources iv) Dams v) Use of explosives vi) Sport games ... ground rupture. ii) Landslides and Avalanches iii) Fires iv) Soil liquefaction v) Tsunamis

State Darcy’s Law of permeability.

Description : State Darcy’s Law of permeability.

Last Answer : It states that for laminar flow, the rate of flow or discharge per unit time is directly proportional to hydraulic gradient. q= KiA or V= / = Ki Where q= discharge per unit time. , A= total cross- ... , v= velocity of flow, h= differential head of water = h1-h2, L= length of soil sample. 

State objectives of Geotechnical Engineering.

Description : State objectives of Geotechnical Engineering.

Last Answer : Following are the objectives of geotechnical engineering: 1) To perform soil investigation and to develop methods for soil sampling. 2) To classify soil properties in the light of soil ... result and soil investigation and sampling, so as to use soil as construction material economically.

Define joints and state their classification.

Description : Define joints and state their classification.

Last Answer : Joints: joint are defined as a fracture in rock where there has been no lateral movement in the plane of the fracture (up, down or sideway) of one side relative to the other. Classification of joints ... , iii) Oblique joints. c) Origin i) Tension joints, ii) Shear joints, iii) Compression joints

State classification of rocks based on their genesis.

Description : State classification of rocks based on their genesis.

Last Answer : Rocks on the basis of their origin are broadly divided into three major classes 1) Igneous rock. 2) Sedimentary rock. 3) Metamorphic rock.

Define geology and state its branches.

Description : Define geology and state its branches.

Last Answer : Geology: Geology is the science of study of the solid matter that constitutes the Earth. Encompassing such things as rocks, soil, gemstones, geology studies, the composition, structure, physical properties ... geology ix. Applied geology x. Hydrology xi. Indian geology xii. photo-geology

State different methods of soil stabilization and explain any one

Description : State different methods of soil stabilization and explain any one

Last Answer : i) Mechanical stabilization - It is the process of improving properties of soil by changing its gradation. It depends on mechanical strength of aggregate, mineral composition etc Eg - Compaction at near ... help to drain water, increase strength, decrease mixing of soil, filters the water etc. 

State any four factors which affect shear strength of soil

Description : State any four factors which affect shear strength of soil

Last Answer : Shear strength is affected by i) Soil composition Mineralogy, grain size, shape of soil particles, pore fluid type and content, clay content. ii) Initial State Loose, ... Drainage conditions Undrained, drained vii) Stress conditions deviator stress, confining stress, intermediate stress 

Define fault and state its classification

Description : Define fault and state its classification

Last Answer : Fault: The fractures along which there has been relative movement of the blocks past each other. The entire process of development of fractures and displacement of the blocks against each other is termed as ... by a movement of the disrupted blocks along a medical poit called the hinge point.  

State the types of consistency limit and define any one

Description : State the types of consistency limit and define any one

Last Answer : Types of consistency limit 1.Liquid limit 2.Plastic limit 3.Shrinkage limit Liquid limit- It is minimum water content at which two separated grooved soil parts mixed together under 25 blows of ... in volume of soil due to further decrease in water content : is termed as shrinkage limit.

State any 2 types of fault.

Description : State any 2 types of fault.

Last Answer : Types of fault are as follows 1. Translational fault 2. Rotational fault 3. Normal or gravity fault 4. Reverse or thrust fault 5. Dextral fault 6. Sinistral fault 7. Strike fault 8. Dip fault 9. Oblique fault 10. Radial fault 11. Enechelon fault 12. Accurate or peripheral fault

State any four Field situations of shear failure .

Description : State any four Field situations of shear failure .

Last Answer : Field situations where shear failure occurs: 1) Upstream slope of earth dam , especially during sudden draw down 2)Earth behind retaining wall, especially surcharge 3)Under foundation along planes of maximum shear 4) Sub grades of road. 5) Embankment of road 6) Abutment of bridges

State any four factors affecting compaction with their effect.

Description : State any four factors affecting compaction with their effect.

Last Answer : Following the different factors affecting compaction of soil with their effect: Water content : When water content is less i.e. dry soil , compaction is not better , but when water ... better compaction. Hence lesser thickness of soil layers can be effectively compacted to required density.

State the factors affecting permeability.

Description : State the factors affecting permeability.

Last Answer : Followings are the factors which affect permeability: 1. Particle Size or diameter of soil particle 2. Impurities in water 3. Void ratio 4. Degree of Saturation 5. Adsorbed water 6. ... layer 8. Properties of pore fluid i.e. viscosity and temperature 9. Shape of particle

State Information and classification of soils.

Description : State Information and classification of soils.

Last Answer : Soil - The hard parenting rock undergoes weathering and produces unconsolidated granular particles of varying sizes , such formation is known as Soil. Classification of soil- The soil is classified ... of transported soils. Example. Colluvial soils , Alluvial soils, Glacial soils, Eolian soils.