How does X-ray diffraction aid in the understanding of the structure of molecules?

How does X-ray diffraction aid in the understanding of the structure of molecules?
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X-ray diffraction is the investigative use of X-rays to discoverthe internal structure of a number of different things. The basicapproach is to set up a target material and direct a beam of X-raysat it. By looking at the pattern of the scattered X-rays noting thescattering angles and their relative intensities, observers cancome to informed conclusions about the internal structure of thattarget material. It must be noted that the manner in which X-raysscatter can vary a good deal, and X-ray diffraction technology hasbecome a broad field with diverging and complex investigativetechniques. Even so, the fundamentals remain the same.
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The information of brilliant colors in a thin soap film is a consequence of the phenomena of - (1) Polarization and interference (2) Diffraction and dispersion (3) Multiple refraction and dispersion (4) Multiple reflection and interference

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