State the necessity of providing (i) Combined column footing and (ii) Raft foundation

State the necessity of providing (i) Combined column footing and (ii) Raft foundation
by

1 Answer

Answer :

(i) Combined column footing:- A combined footing provided as a column for two or more columns in a row. Combine footing is also provided when the columns are very near to each other and isolated footing of these column will overlap on each other. 

(ii) Raft foundation:-It is suitable where ground is soft, Clayey or marshy having low bearing capacity, and where sub soil water conditions are uncertain. The raft foundation is also used to reduce settlement above highly compressible soils. When total individual footing area of all columns exceeds 50% of built up area of building at ground floor.
by

Related questions

The foundation which consists of a thick reinforced cement slab covering whole area to support heavy concentrated structural loads, is known as (A) Combined footing (B) Strap footing (C) Raft footing (D) None of these

Description : The foundation which consists of a thick reinforced cement slab covering whole area to support heavy concentrated structural loads, is known as (A) Combined footing (B) Strap footing (C) Raft footing (D) None of these

Last Answer : Option C

Raft foundation are generally preferred to when the area required for individual footing, is more than (A) 25% to total area (B) 30% of total area (C) 40% to total area (D) 50% of total area

Description : Raft foundation are generally preferred to when the area required for individual footing, is more than (A) 25% to total area (B) 30% of total area (C) 40% to total area (D) 50% of total area

Last Answer : Option D

Explain raft foundation with neat sketch and explain its suitability.

Description : Explain raft foundation with neat sketch and explain its suitability. 

Last Answer : Raft Footing: It is suitable where ground is soft. Clayey or marshy having low bearing capacity, and where sub soil water conditions are uncertain. The raft foundation is also used to reduce settlement below highly compressible soils

To support a heavy structure in sandy soil, the type of foundation generally used, is (A) Combined footing (B) Raft footing (C) Pier footing (D) Strap footing

Description : To support a heavy structure in sandy soil, the type of foundation generally used, is (A) Combined footing (B) Raft footing (C) Pier footing (D) Strap footing

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

The foundation in which a cantilever beam is provided to join two footings, is known as (A) Strip footing (B) Strap footing (C) Combined footing (D) Raft footing

Description : The foundation in which a cantilever beam is provided to join two footings, is known as (A) Strip footing (B) Strap footing (C) Combined footing (D) Raft footing

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

For the construction of flyovers in sandy soils, the type of foundation provided, is (A) Strap footing (B) Raft footing (C) Combined footing (D) Pier footing

Description : For the construction of flyovers in sandy soils, the type of foundation provided, is (A) Strap footing (B) Raft footing (C) Combined footing (D) Pier footing

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) Isolated footing is provided under column to transfer the load safely to soil bed (B) Column footings may have steps or projections in the concrete base (C) Heavily loaded column base must be provided steel reinforcement in both directions (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) Isolated footing is provided under column to transfer the load safely to soil bed (B) Column footings may have steps or projections in the ... ) Heavily loaded column base must be provided steel reinforcement in both directions (D) All the above

Last Answer : Option D

In soils possessing low bearing capacity, the type of foundation generally provided, is (A) Column footing (B) Grillage footing (C) Raft footing (D) All the above

Description : In soils possessing low bearing capacity, the type of foundation generally provided, is (A) Column footing (B) Grillage footing (C) Raft footing (D) All the above

Last Answer : Option D

The loose pockets in soil mass can be bridged safely by providing a raft foundation provided the soft area is smaller than (A) The column spacing (B) One-third the column spacing (C) Half the column spacing (D) Three-fourth the column spacing

Description : The loose pockets in soil mass can be bridged safely by providing a raft foundation provided the soft area is smaller than (A) The column spacing (B) One-third the column spacing (C) Half the column spacing (D) Three-fourth the column spacing

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

For a number of columns constructed in a rcjw, the type of foundation provided, is (A) Footing (B) Raft (C) Strap (D) Strip

Description : For a number of columns constructed in a rcjw, the type of foundation provided, is (A) Footing (B) Raft (C) Strap (D) Strip

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

The type of footing which is used to transmit heavy loads through steel columns is (A) Raft foundation (B) Grillage foundation (C) Well foundation (D) Isolated footing

Description : The type of footing which is used to transmit heavy loads through steel columns is (A) Raft foundation (B) Grillage foundation (C) Well foundation (D) Isolated footing

Last Answer : Option B

State the necessity and importance of waterproofing in building construction.

Description : State the necessity and importance of waterproofing in building construction.

Last Answer : Necessity and importance of waterproofing in building construction: 1. It prevents leakage in the structure. 2. It prevents the entry of water into the structure. 3. It keeps the structure dry. ... It prevents the building to become inhabitable and unsafe. 6. It increases the life of building.

Explain the necessity of ‘Scaffolding and Shoring’.

Description : Explain the necessity of ‘Scaffolding and Shoring’.

Last Answer : Necessity of scaffolding: 1. To provide a working platform so that the worker can stand on the platform and do the work easily & safely 2. To provide a platform for placing material & logistics( ... have been made stable, or which might become unstable by reason of work carried out on or near them

State any two purpose of foundation.

Description : State any two purpose of foundation.

Last Answer : The purpose of foundation are 1) To support the structure. 2) To distribute load of the entire structure over a wide spread area, so that the chances of unequal settlement are minimized. 3) To ... To prevent or minimize the cracks due to movement of moisture in case of weak or poor soils etc.

State any two functions of foundation of a building.

Description : State any two functions of foundation of a building.

Last Answer : The functions of foundation are1) To transfer the load of the structure up to the hard strata. 2) To distribute load of the entire structure over a wide spread area. 3) To increase ... To prevent the lateral movement of supporting material To attain a level and firm bed for building operations.

Raft foundations are used for: (A) Providing increased area of foundation over poor bearing capacity of soil (B) Spanning over small soft or loose pockets (C) Counter acting the hydrostatic effect (D) All the above

Description : Raft foundations are used for: (A) Providing increased area of foundation over poor bearing capacity of soil (B) Spanning over small soft or loose pockets (C) Counter acting the hydrostatic effect (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

For providing a raft foundation, the following activities are involved 1. Ramming the foundation bed 2. Excavation of the soil upto required depth 3. Laying the reinforcement over the foundation bed 4. Curing the cement concrete placed over reinforcement 5. Pouring the cement concrete over the reinforcement The correct sequence is (A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (B) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (C) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 (D) 3, 2, 5, 1,

Description : For providing a raft foundation, the following activities are involved 1. Ramming the foundation bed 2. Excavation of the soil upto required depth 3. Laying the reinforcement over the foundation bed 4. Curing the cement concrete placed over ... 2, 1 (C) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 (D) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

Suggest relevant type of foundation with sketch for educational building on black cotton soil with justification.

Description : Suggest relevant type of foundation with sketch for educational building on black cotton soil with justification. 

Last Answer : Black cotton soil- Pile foundation. In case the depth of black cotton soil is more, the following type of foundation may be provided 1. Strip or pad foundation 2. Pier foundation with ... of expansive soil. They are bored cast-in-situ concrete piles having bulb shaped enlarged base.

Draw a neat labeled sectional view showing different components of building from foundation to parapet, for a load bearing brick masonry wall.

Description : Draw a neat labeled sectional view showing different components of building from foundation to parapet, for a load bearing brick masonry wall.

Last Answer : Draw a neat labeled sectional view showing different components of building from foundation to parapet, for a load bearing brick masonry wall.

Define settlement of foundation and its types. Enlist various causes and suggest remedial measures for the same.

Description : Define settlement of foundation and its types. Enlist various causes and suggest remedial measures for the same.

Last Answer : Settlement of foundation: Due to the self-weight and the live load of the structure and due to compressibility of the soil supporting the foundation of the structure, settlement of the ... of earthquake loads and other earthquake resisting methods during design and construction of buildings.

Suggest relevant type of foundation with sketch for a residential building with Marshy soil at greater depth with justification and explanation.

Description : Suggest relevant type of foundation with sketch for a residential building with Marshy soil at greater depth with justification and explanation.

Last Answer : Raft foundation is suitable for a residential building with Marshy soil at greater depth It is suitable where ground is soft, Clayey or marshy having low bearing capacity and where sub soil water ... of thick reinforced concrete slab covering the entire area of the bottom of the structure.

Explain the foundation layout of load bearing structure by centre-line method.

Description : Explain the foundation layout of load bearing structure by centre-line method.

Last Answer : Foundation layout of load bearing structure by centre line method: 1.One corner of the foundation plan is fixed by measuring the distance from the border of the plot and wooden peg with a nail on ... are marked with nail / cross line on plaster for further reference to establish centre line.

In a combined footing for two columns carrying unequal loads, the maximum hogging bending moment occurs at (A) Less loaded column (B) More loaded column (C) A point of the maximum shear force (D) A point of zero shear force

Description : In a combined footing for two columns carrying unequal loads, the maximum hogging bending moment occurs at (A) Less loaded column (B) More loaded column (C) A point of the maximum shear force (D) A point of zero shear force

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Based on punching shear consideration, the overall depth of a combined footing under a column A, is (A) (Area of the column A × Safe punching stress)/Load on column A (B) (Perimeter of column A × Safe punching stress)/(Load on column A + Upward pressure × Area of the column) (C) (Perimeter of column A × Safe punching stress)/(Load on column A × Upward pressure × Area of the column) (D) None of these

Description : Based on punching shear consideration, the overall depth of a combined footing under a column A, is (A) (Area of the column A Safe punching stress)/Load on column A (B) (Perimeter of column A ... punching stress)/(Load on column A Upward pressure Area of the column) (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

If the length of a combined footing for two columns l metres apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads). (A) y = L - (l - ) (B) y = L/2 + (l - ) (C) y = L/2 - (l + ) (D) y = L/2 - (l - )

Description : If the length of a combined footing for two columns l metres apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed ... l - ) (C) y = L/2 - (l + ) (D) y = L/2 - (l - )

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Top bars are extended to the projecting parts of the combined footing of two columns Ldistance apart for a distance of (A) 0.1 L from the outer edge of column (B) 0.1 L from the centre edge of column (C) Half the distance of projection (D) One-fourth the distance of projection

Description : Top bars are extended to the projecting parts of the combined footing of two columns Ldistance apart for a distance of (A) 0.1 L from the outer edge of column (B) 0.1 L from the centre edge of column (C) Half the distance of projection (D) One-fourth the distance of projection

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) A combined footing is so proportioned that centre of gravity of supporting area coincides with centre of gravity of two column loads (B) A combined footing may be either rectangular or trapezoidal in shape (C) Trapezoidal shaped footings may be provided under any loading (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) A combined footing is so proportioned that centre of gravity of supporting area coincides with centre of gravity of two column loads (B) A ... in shape (C) Trapezoidal shaped footings may be provided under any loading (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Higher pitch of the roof (i) Results in stronger roof (ii) Results in weaker roof (iii) Requires more covering material (iv) Requires less covering material The correct answer is (A) (i) and (iii) (B) (i) and (iv) (C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (ii) and (iv)

Description : Higher pitch of the roof (i) Results in stronger roof (ii) Results in weaker roof (iii) Requires more covering material (iv) Requires less covering material The correct answer is (A) (i) and (iii) (B) (i) and (iv) (C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (ii) and (iv)

Last Answer : Option A

Describe in brief with neat sketch: i) English bond ii) Flemish bond

Description : Describe in brief with neat sketch: i) English bond ii) Flemish bond

Last Answer : English bond : The Bond with alternate courses of headers and stretchers with a closer placed next to quoin header is called as the English Bond. Points Should be Remembered for English bond: 1. A ... . 4. Flemish Bond is slightly economical as a number of brick bats can be used.

State any four precautions to be taken while plastering.

Description : State any four precautions to be taken while plastering.

Last Answer : i. Before application of the plastering, the surface must be clean and free of dirt, oil, or other elements which may interfere with bonding. ii. Smooth or non-absorbent surfaces should be prepared. iii. ... or vertical line at the end of the day or if work requires to be suspended for any reason.

State any four precautions to be taken while marking layout on ground.

Description : State any four precautions to be taken while marking layout on ground.

Last Answer : The necessary precaution to be taken while marking layout on ground are as follows 1. All vertical wooden post should be firmly fixed into the ground with concrete and curing should be done to the ... the face line or center line correctly. 19. Use proper or correct plumb bob for centering. 

State the classification of building as per type of construction.

Description : State the classification of building as per type of construction. 

Last Answer : Following are the classification of building as per type of construction: 1. Residential Buildings. 2. Public Buildings. 3. Institutional Buildings. 4. Assembly building. 5. Business Buildings. ... . Storage Buildings. 8. Hazardous Buildings. 9. Framed structure. 10. Load bearing structure

State the function of window sill and lintel.

Description : State the function of window sill and lintel.

Last Answer : a)Sill 1. To provide suitable finish to window opening. 2. It also affords a protection to wall below the window 3.It also provides the support to vertical members of the openings. b) Lintel ... the opening. 2. They are used to transmit the load to adjacent wall over which they are supported.

State any two building components with their function.

Description : State any two building components with their function.

Last Answer : Following are the Components of building - 1. Foundation : a) The function of foundation is to transfer the load of the building upto the hard strata which can support it without settling down. 1. b ... small children on terrace.  13. Lintels: a) It supports the portion of wall over the opening.

As a ‘Supervisor’, state precautionary measures you will observe while constructing brick masonry, along with their reasons.

Description : As a ‘Supervisor’, state precautionary measures you will observe while constructing brick masonry, along with their reasons.

Last Answer : Following Precautionary measures are to be observe as a supervisor while constructing brick masonry: 1. Bricks should be as per the specification. The bricks should be well burnt, reddish in colour, sound and hard ... is used and for a period of about one to two weeks, if cement mortar is used.

State the various causes of settlement of structure.

Description : State the various causes of settlement of structure.

Last Answer : 1. Uneven bearing capacity of soil at foundation level 2. Different loads on different parts of foundation 3. Varying ground water table height 4. Compressible foundation soil 5. ... compression, plastic flow or consolidation under static load 10. Undermining of soil below the foundation

State the necessities of painting.

Description : State the necessities of painting.

Last Answer : Necessities of painting :- Necessity of painting it protects the surface from weathering effect of the atmosphere. It prevents decay of wood and corrosion in metal. It gives ... Due to painting cleaning of the surface becomes easy. Painting imparts sanitation and improved illumination.

State the precautions to be observed in stone masonry construction.

Description : State the precautions to be observed in stone masonry construction.

Last Answer : Following are the precautions to be observed in stone masonry construction: 1. Stone used in masonry should be well seasoned, hard, tough, uniform in texture. 2. Stones used should be free from ... on the natural bed. 10. The exposed joints of the masonry should be properly pointed by mortar.

Define formwork and state the requirements of a good formwork.

Description : Define formwork and state the requirements of a good formwork.

Last Answer : Formwork: It is a temporary ancillary construction used as a mould for the structure, in which concrete is placed and in which it hardens and matures. Following are the requirements of good formwork:- ... be constructed so tight that it does not allow the cement paste to leak through the joints.

State two necessities of Demolition.

Description : State two necessities of Demolition.

Last Answer : Demolition of building should be done due to following reasons: 1) When the building structure is very old and not desirable to take the load any more then it is very essential to demolish the existing ... is become very weak & unsafe. 3) If any internal alteration or change is to be done.

State any two purposes of Plinth

Description : State any two purposes of Plinth

Last Answer : Purposes of Plinth: 1. To prevent entry of flood water into building. 2. To avoid dust, Insects, Reptiles, etc entries inside the building 3. To facilitate easy drainage of sewage water. 4. To ... wall & transfer load to footing. 6. To prevent from dampness. 7. To support flooring tiles.

State the classification of building as per National Building Code Part III 2005.

Description : State the classification of building as per National Building Code Part III 2005.

Last Answer : Classification of building (as per NBC) 1. Residential Building, 2. Educational Building, 3. Institutional Building, 4. Assembly Building, 5. Business Building, 6. Mercantile Building, 7. Industrial Building, 8. Storage Building 9. Hazardous Building

ICT has been an essential necessity for i) Communication at long distances ii) Employing IT and its services to the rural areas iii) Providing medical help to nurses and staffs for treatments iv) All of these

Description : ICT has been an essential necessity for i) Communication at long distances ii) Employing IT and its services to the rural areas iii) Providing medical help to nurses and staffs for treatments iv) All of these

Last Answer : iv) All of these

The pile provided with one or more bulles in its vertical shaft, is generally known as (A) Under-ream pile (B) Friction pile (C) Bearing pile (D) Sheet pile

Description : The pile provided with one or more bulles in its vertical shaft, is generally known as (A) Under-ream pile (B) Friction pile (C) Bearing pile (D) Sheet pile

Last Answer : Option A

The Auger borings are not common (A) In soils that require lateral support (B) In cohesive soils (C) In soft soils (D) None of the above

Description : The Auger borings are not common (A) In soils that require lateral support (B) In cohesive soils (C) In soft soils (D) None of the above

Last Answer : Option A

Pitched and sloping roofs are suitable for (A) Coastal regions (B) Plain regions (C) Covering large areas (D) All of the above

Description : Pitched and sloping roofs are suitable for (A) Coastal regions (B) Plain regions (C) Covering large areas (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Option A

A wall constructed to resist the pressure of an earth filling, is called (A) Retaining wall (B) Breast wall (C) Buttress (D) Parapet wall

Description : A wall constructed to resist the pressure of an earth filling, is called (A) Retaining wall (B) Breast wall (C) Buttress (D) Parapet wall

Last Answer : Option A

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The pile driven in sand is called sand pile (B) The drilled hole filled with sand is called sand pile (C) The sand piles are used for bearing purposes (D) None of these

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The pile driven in sand is called sand pile (B) The drilled hole filled with sand is called sand pile (C) The sand piles are used for bearing purposes (D) None of these

Last Answer : Option A

The position of a brick when laid on its side 9 cm × 9 cm with its frog in the vertical plane, is called (A) Brick on edge (B) Brick on end (C) Brick on bed (D) Brick held vertically

Description : The position of a brick when laid on its side 9 cm × 9 cm with its frog in the vertical plane, is called (A) Brick on edge (B) Brick on end (C) Brick on bed (D) Brick held vertically

Last Answer : Option B