Following are the Components of building –
1. Foundation : a) The function of foundation is to transfer the load of the building upto the hard strata which can support it without settling down.
1. b) Foundation also helps in spreading the load over a large area to decrease the load intensity.
2. Plinth: a) It provides protection from rainwater and crawling animals and insect.
3. Floor: a) It provides good resistance to wear and tear occurring due to its daily use.
b) It provides leveled surface for comfortable movement.
4. Walls: a) Wall form the outer limits of the building and separate the rooms from each other.
5. Roofs: a) Roof protect from the elements like rain, sun, wind, frost, snowfall, etc.
6. Windows: a) Windows are provided for admission of light and free circulation of air into the building.
7. Doors: a) Doors are used for free movement of occupants in and out of the house.
b) The outer doors are means of isolating the house from the surroundings from privacy and security point of view.
8. Beams: a) It supports the transverse load of building structure.
b) It takes tensile load of a structure.
9. Columns: a) It gives the support to the floors at various levels in framed structure or RCC structures.
b) It takes compressive load of structure.
10. Sill :a) It provides a suitable finish to window opening.
b) It also affords a protection to the wall below the window.
c) It also provides the support to the vertical members of the openings.
11. Staircase: a) It provides an easy access from one floor to other.
12. Parapet: a) Parapet acts as a protective solid balustrade for the users.
b) It acts as a safe guard wall for small children on terrace.
13. Lintels: a) It supports the portion of wall over the opening.