Did you know each insect is a host to ten bacterial species? -Do You Know?

Did you know each insect is a host to ten bacterial species? -Do You Know?
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Consider the following four measures (A-D) that could be taken to successfully grow chickpea in an area where bacterial blight disease is common. (A) Spray with Bordeaux mixture (B) Control of the insect vector of the disease pathogen (C) Use of only disease-free seeds (D) Use of varieties resistant to the disease Which two of the above measures can control the disease? (a) (C) and (D) (b) (A) and (D) (c) (B) and (C) (d) (A) and (B)

Description : Consider the following four measures (A-D) that could be taken to successfully grow chickpea in an area where bacterial blight disease is common. (A) Spray with Bordeaux mixture (B) Control of the insect vector of the disease pathogen (C) ... (D) (b) (A) and (D) (c) (B) and (C) (d) (A) and (B)

Last Answer : (b) (A) and (D)

Restriction endonucleases (A) Cut RNA chains at specific locations (B) Excise introns from hnRNA (C) Remove Okazaki fragments (D) Act as defensive enzymes to protect the host bacterial DNA from DNA of foreign organisms

Description : Restriction endonucleases (A) Cut RNA chains at specific locations (B) Excise introns from hnRNA (C) Remove Okazaki fragments (D) Act as defensive enzymes to protect the host bacterial DNA from DNA of foreign organisms

Last Answer : Answer : D

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning host defense mechanisms to intraabdominal infection. a. Bacterial clearance can occur via translymphatic absorption b. Phagocytic activity and bacterial killing can occur via resident phagocytic cells and an influx of PMNs c. A fibrinogen-rich inflammatory exudate is released into the peritoneal cavity, trapping large numbers of bacteria and other particulate matter d. Perforations of a bowel may be walled off but are seldom sealed by the omentum and other mobile viscera

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning host defense mechanisms to intraabdominal infection. a. Bacterial clearance can occur via translymphatic absorption b. Phagocytic activity and bacterial killing can ... may be walled off but are seldom sealed by the omentum and other mobile viscera

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c The introduction of microorganisms into the normally sterile peritoneal environment invoke several potent specialized host antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Bacterial clearance, ... the contaminated enteric contents walled off, preventing continued soilage of the peritoneal cavity

The complement system consists of a series of serum proteins that exist in a quiescent or very low-level state of activation in the uninfected host. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning complement activation? a. The alternate (properdin) pathway of complement activation can occur directly through contact with fungal or bacterial cell wall compounds b. Complement component fragments may serve to decrease vascular permeability c. Excessive complement activation can produce deleterious effects d. Fragments of certain complement components serve as chemoattractants to additional cellular components of the host defense mechanism

Description : The complement system consists of a series of serum proteins that exist in a quiescent or very low-level state of activation in the uninfected host. Which of the following ... certain complement components serve as chemoattractants to additional cellular components of the host defense mechanism

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Complement activation can occur through either classic or alternate (properdin) pathways, both of which eventuate in deposition of terminal complement pathway components on the ... and release of lysosomal enzymes that can directly damage certain target tissues, such as the lung

Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the toxic effects that occur during gram-negative bacterial sepsis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning LPS and the host response. a. The LPS molecule can in itself cause physiologic responses similar to that seen during gram-negative bacterial sepsis b. LPS triggers host macrophages to release a variety of cytokines including TNF-a, IL-1a, and IL-1b, IL-6, and IFN-a c. Excessive cytokine production is not associated with detrimental consequences d. TNFa and IL-1b appear to be the primary mediators within the host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the syst

Description : Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the ... host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the systemic circulation

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The LPS molecule exerts diverse effects on the mammalian host. Immunologic responses to LPS include nonspecific polyclonal B-cell proliferation, macrophage activation and ... deleterious effects on the host only after large amounts are secreted and reach the systemic circulation

The first line of host defense is the barrier presented to the external environment. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning host barriers? a. Sebaceous glands secrete chemical compounds that maintain a relatively high pH, providing effective bacterial stasis b. Within the respiratory tract, ciliary function serves to extrude microorganisms trapped within the mucus secretion layer c. The low pH within the stomach markedly decreases bacterial content of the upper gastrointestinal tract d. Gut peristalsis serves to prevent microbial adherence and invasion

Description : The first line of host defense is the barrier presented to the external environment. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning host barriers? a. Sebaceous glands secrete ... of the upper gastrointestinal tract d. Gut peristalsis serves to prevent microbial adherence and invasion

Last Answer : Answer: b, c, d The skin, mucus membranes, and epithelial layers of various organs of the body constitute effective physical barriers against microbial invasion. In certain portions of the ... very low pH within the stomach and gut peristalsis both serve to prevent microbial adherence and invasion

Under certain circumstances, the gut may become a source of sepsis and serve as the motor of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Microbial translocation is the process by which microorganisms migrate across the mucosal barrier to invade the host. Which of the following mechanisms can promote bacterial translocation? a. An increased number of gut bacteria b. Altered intestinal mucosal permeability c. Decreased host defense mechanisms d. Lack of enteral feeding

Description : Under certain circumstances, the gut may become a source of sepsis and serve as the motor of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Microbial translocation is the process by which microorganisms ... intestinal mucosal permeability c. Decreased host defense mechanisms d. Lack of enteral feeding

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d 99 Translocation is promoted in three general ways: 1) altered permeability of the intestinal mucosa as caused by shock, sepsis, distant injury, or cell toxins; 2) ... trauma patient d. Fifty percent of non-nitrogen caloric requirements should be provided in the form of fat

Specialized transduction is carried out by a. Virulent Phages That Have A Lytic Cycle Of Infection. b. Temperate Phages Carrying A Entire Bacterial Chromosome. c. Temperate Phages That Carry A Segment Of Host Dna. d. Virulent Phages That Swap Dna Segments.

Description : Specialized transduction is carried out by a. Virulent Phages That Have A Lytic Cycle Of Infection. b. Temperate Phages Carrying A Entire Bacterial Chromosome. c. Temperate Phages That Carry A Segment Of Host Dna. d. Virulent Phages That Swap Dna Segments.

Last Answer : c. Temperate Phages That Carry A Segment Of Host Dna.

During the process of lysogeny _____. a. Phage DNA Integrates Into The Bacterial Chromosome.b. A Bacterium Acquires DNA From The External Environment. c. Competent Cells Receive Plasmids. d. New Phage Particles Are Assembled In The Host Bacterium.

Description : During the process of lysogeny _____. a. Phage DNA Integrates Into The Bacterial Chromosome. b. A Bacterium Acquires DNA From The External Environment. c. Competent Cells Receive Plasmids. d. New Phage Particles Are Assembled In The Host Bacterium.

Last Answer : a. Phage DNA Integrates Into The Bacterial Chromosome.

The first step in infection of a host bacterial cells by a phage is A- adsorption B- absorption C- penetration D- replication

Description : The first step in infection of a host bacterial cells by a phage is A- adsorption B- absorption C- penetration D- replication

Last Answer : adsorption

The table gives the populations (in thousands) of ten species (A-J) in four areas (p-s) consisting of the number of habitats given within brackets against each. Study the table and answer the question which follows. Which area out of p - s shows maximum species diversity? (a) s (b) p (c) q (d) r

Description : The table gives the populations (in thousands) of ten species (A-J) in four areas (p-s) consisting of the number of habitats given within brackets against each. Study the table and answer the question which follows. ... out of p - s shows maximum species diversity? (a) s (b) p (c) q (d) r

Last Answer : (a) s

Which insect spreads Kala-azar? – Sand fly -Do You Know?

Description : Which insect spreads Kala-azar? – Sand fly -Do You Know?

Last Answer : answer:

The population of an insect species shows and explosive increase in numbers during rainy season followed by its disappearance at the end of the season

Description : The population of an insect species shows and explosive increase in numbers during rainy season followed by its disappearance at the end of the season

Last Answer : The population of an insect species shows and explosive increase in numbers during rainy season followed ... Its population growth curve is of J-type

An interesting modification of flower shape for insect pollination occurs in some orchids in which a male insect mistakes the pattern on the orchid flower for the female species and tries to copulate with it, thereby pollinating the flower. This phenomenon is called (a) pseudopollination (b) pseudoparthenocarpy (c) mimicry (d) pseudocopulation.

Description : An interesting modification of flower shape for insect pollination occurs in some orchids in which a male insect mistakes the pattern on the orchid flower for the female species and tries ... phenomenon is called (a) pseudopollination (b) pseudoparthenocarpy (c) mimicry (d) pseudocopulation.

Last Answer : (d) pseudocopulation.

The population of an insect species shows an explosive increase in numbers during rainy season followed by its disappearance at the end of the season. What does this show? (a) The food plants mature and die at the end of the rainy season. (b) Its population growth curve is of J-type. (c) The population of its predators increases enormously. (d) S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect.

Description : The population of an insect species shows an explosive increase in numbers during rainy season followed by its disappearance at the end of the season. What does this show? (a) The food plants ... The population of its predators increases enormously. (d) S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect.

Last Answer : (b) Its population growth curve is of J-type.

Species of Trypanosomes develop in the posterior portion of the insect gut are called as A A. Stercoraria B. Salivaria C. Both D. None

Description : Species of Trypanosomes develop in the posterior portion of the insect gut are called as A A. Stercoraria B. Salivaria C. Both D. None

Last Answer : Stercoraria

Species of Trypanosomes develop in the anterior portion of the insect gut are called as B A. Stercoraria B. Salivaria C. Both D. None

Description : Species of Trypanosomes develop in the anterior portion of the insect gut are called as B A. Stercoraria B. Salivaria C. Both D. None

Last Answer : Salivaria

Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species (a) Alternaria (b) Erwinia (c) Xanthomonas (d) Pseudomonas.

Description : Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species (a) Alternaria (b) Erwinia (c) Xanthomonas (d) Pseudomonas.

Last Answer : (c) Xanthomonas

Bacterial species in fish are naturally adapted to the cold environment in which most fish live and thus, _____ will not affect them; _____ is preferred. a. heating, cooking b. cooling, refrigeration c. warming, boiling d. cooling, freezing

Description : Bacterial species in fish are naturally adapted to the cold environment in which most fish live and thus, _____ will not affect them; _____ is preferred. a. heating, cooking b. cooling, refrigeration c. warming, boiling d. cooling, freezing

Last Answer : d. cooling, freezing

In the soil, antibiotics are produced by some a. Fungal species and viruses. b. Bacterial species and viruses. c. Viruses and helminthic species. d. Fungal and bacterial species.

Description : In the soil, antibiotics are produced by some a. Fungal species and viruses. b. Bacterial species and viruses. c. Viruses and helminthic species. d. Fungal and bacterial species.

Last Answer : d. Fungal and bacterial species.

The most common cause of an invasive wound infection, such as a burn, is a. gram-positive bacterial species. b. treponema pallidum. c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. d. Escherichia coli.

Description : The most common cause of an invasive wound infection, such as a burn, is a. gram-positive bacterial species. b. treponema pallidum. c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. d. Escherichia coli.

Last Answer : c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

What bacterial species is most often associated with cystitis? a. Treponemo pallidum b. Escherichia coIi c. Chlamydia trachomatis d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Description : What bacterial species is most often associated with cystitis? a. Treponemo pallidum b. Escherichia coIi c. Chlamydia trachomatis d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Last Answer : b. Escherichia coIi

Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Description : Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Last Answer : d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Description : The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Last Answer : a. Gram-Negative Rods

What is the name of the syndrome of fever, abdominal cramps, and bloody mucoid stools caused by Shigella species? a. Bacterial dysentery b. Typhoid fever c. Pseudomembranous colitis d. HUS

Description : What is the name of the syndrome of fever, abdominal cramps, and bloody mucoid stools caused by Shigella species? a. Bacterial dysentery b. Typhoid fever c. Pseudomembranous colitis d. HUS

Last Answer : a. Bacterial dysentery

Which one of the following bacterial species is NOT a cause of food poisoning (noninflammatory gastroenteritis)? a. Escherichia coli b. Bacillus cereus c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Clostridium perfringens

Description : Which one of the following bacterial species is NOT a cause of food poisoning (noninflammatory gastroenteritis)? a. Escherichia coli b. Bacillus cereus c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Clostridium perfringens

Last Answer : a. Escherichia coli

Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Description : Which of the following is NOT a condition seen with the development of dental caries? a. A Susceptible Tooth With A Buildup Of Plaque b. Dietary Carbohydrates (Usually Sugar) c. Acidogenic Bacterial Species d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

Last Answer : d. Chewing A Lot Of Gum

The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Description : The majority of bacterial species that cause foodborne and waterborne illnesses in humans are _____. a. Gram-Negative Rods b. Gram-Negative Cocci c. Gram-Positive Rods d. Rods Without A Wall

Last Answer : a. Gram-Negative Rods

What is the name of the syndrome of fever, abdominal cramps, and bloody mucoid stools caused by Shigella species? a. Bacterial dysentery b. Typhoid fever c. Pseudomembranous colitis d. HUS

Description : What is the name of the syndrome of fever, abdominal cramps, and bloody mucoid stools caused by Shigella species? a. Bacterial dysentery b. Typhoid fever c. Pseudomembranous colitis d. HUS

Last Answer : a. Bacterial dysentery

Which one of the following bacterial species is NOT a cause of food poisoning (noninflammatory gastroenteritis)? a. Escherichia coli b. Bacillus cereus c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Clostridium perfringens

Description : Which one of the following bacterial species is NOT a cause of food poisoning (noninflammatory gastroenteritis)? a. Escherichia coli b. Bacillus cereus c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Clostridium perfringens

Last Answer : a. Escherichia coli

Which one of the following statements does NOT apply to dental plaque? a. It is an example of a biofilm. b. It is most noticeable on the molars. c. Its buildup on teeth can lead to gingivitis and periodontal disease. d. It is dominated by aerobic bacterial species.

Description : Which one of the following statements does NOT apply to dental plaque? a. It is an example of a biofilm. b. It is most noticeable on the molars. c. Its buildup on teeth can lead to gingivitis and periodontal disease. d. It is dominated by aerobic bacterial species.

Last Answer : d. It is dominated by aerobic bacterial species.

The Ames test is an effective procedure for a. Identifying disease-causing bacterial species. b. Detecting potential human carcinogens. c. Determining if DNA replication has occurred. d. Detecting antibiotic resistance.

Description : The Ames test is an effective procedure for a. Identifying disease-causing bacterial species. b. Detecting potential human carcinogens. c. Determining if DNA replication has occurred. d. Detecting antibiotic resistance.

Last Answer : b. Detecting potential human carcinogens.

The Ames test is used toa. Identify Potential Human Carcinogens. b. Discover Auxotrophic Mutants. c. Find Pathogenic Bacterial Species. d. Identify Antibiotic Resistant Mutants.

Description : The Ames test is used to a. Identify Potential Human Carcinogens. b. Discover Auxotrophic Mutants. c. Find Pathogenic Bacterial Species. d. Identify Antibiotic Resistant Mutants.

Last Answer : a. Identify Potential Human Carcinogens.

Various bacterial species can be subdivided into A- Subspecies B- biovarieties C- Serovarieties D- all of these

Description : Various bacterial species can be subdivided into A- Subspecies B- biovarieties C- Serovarieties D- all of these

Last Answer : all of these

When nutrients are limiting, some bacterial species can form resistant structures called _____. a. endospores b. cysts c. seeds d. capsules

Description : When nutrients are limiting, some bacterial species can form resistant structures called _____. a. endospores b. cysts c. seeds d. capsules

Last Answer : a. endospores

A bacterial species generation time would be determined during the phase. a. decline b. lag c. log d. stationary

Description : A bacterial species generation time would be determined during the phase. a. decline b. lag c. log d. stationary

Last Answer : c. log

Intracellular organization in bacterial and archaeal species is centered a. Compartmentation of metabolism. b. Growth and reproduction. c. Sensing and responding to environment. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Description : Intracellular organization in bacterial and archaeal species is centered a. Compartmentation of metabolism. b. Growth and reproduction. c. Sensing and responding to environment. d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Last Answer : d. All the above (A—C) are correct.

Which one of the following is most appropriately defined? (a) Host is an organism which provides food to another organism. (b) Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefitted whereas the other is unaffected. (c) Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for food. (d) Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of other organism and may kill it.

Description : Which one of the following is most appropriately defined? (a) Host is an organism which provides food to another organism. (b) Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefitted ... Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of other organism and may kill it.

Last Answer : (c) Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for food.

Niche overlap indicates (a) mutualism between two species (b) active cooperation between two species (c) two different parasites on the same host (d) sharing of one or more resources between the two species.

Description : Niche overlap indicates (a) mutualism between two species (b) active cooperation between two species (c) two different parasites on the same host (d) sharing of one or more resources between the two species.

Last Answer : (d) sharing of one or more resources between the two species.

All of the following statements concerning the actinomycetous filamentous soil bacterium Frankia are correct except that Frankia (a) can induce root nodules on many plant species (b) can fix nitrogen in the free-living state (c) cannot fix specialized vesicles in which the nitrogenase is protected from oxygen by a chemical barrier involving triterpene hopanoids (d) like Rhizobium, it usually infects its host plant through root hair deformation and stimulates cell proliferation in the host’s cortex

Description : All of the following statements concerning the actinomycetous filamentous soil bacterium Frankia are correct except that Frankia (a) can induce root nodules on many plant species (b) can fix ... its host plant through root hair deformation and stimulates cell proliferation in the host's cortex

Last Answer : (b) can fix nitrogen in the free-living state

Who sings on ten rupee notes? -Do You Know?

Description : Who sings on ten rupee notes? -Do You Know?

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Who sings on ten rupee notes? -Do You Know?

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How many languages are used on a ten rupee note? -Do You Know?

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On the which bank was the 'Battle of Ten Kings' fought? -Do You Know?

Description : On the which bank was the 'Battle of Ten Kings' fought? -Do You Know?

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The table below gives the population ( in thousands) of ten species (A-J) in four areas (a-d) consisting of the number of habitats given within bracke

Description : The table below gives the population ( in thousands) of ten species (A-J) in four areas (a-d) consisting of the number of habitats given within bracke

Last Answer : The table below gives the population ( in thousands) of ten species (A-J) in four areas (a-d) consisting of the ... diversity ? A. d B. a C. b D. C

What is France’s global ranking in terms of the number of animal species under threat? -Do You Know?

Description : What is France’s global ranking in terms of the number of animal species under threat? -Do You Know?

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During electrolysis, which the species are discharged at cathode? -Do You Know?

Description : During electrolysis, which the species are discharged at cathode? -Do You Know?

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Which group has the highest number of endangered species ? -Do You Know?

Description : Which group has the highest number of endangered species ? -Do You Know?

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What is the number of plant species estimated to be present in India? -Do You Know?

Description : What is the number of plant species estimated to be present in India? -Do You Know?

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In which forests are the greatest diversity of animal and plant species occurs? -Do You Know?

Description : In which forests are the greatest diversity of animal and plant species occurs? -Do You Know?

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