Which of the following does not carry a risk of infection from hepatitis B patient: A. HBs Ag antibody B. HBs Ag C. HBe Ag

Which of the following does not carry a risk of infection from hepatitis B patient:
A. HBs Ag antibody
B. HBs Ag
C. HBe Ag
by

1 Answer

Answer :

C. HBe Ag
by

Related questions

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to high risk patient?** A. 0.1ml of blood from Hepatitis B carrier is less infective than 0.1ml of blood from HIV patient B. 0.1ml of blood from Hepatitis B carrier is more infective than 0.1ml of blood from HIV patient C. Level of virus are similar in the blood and saliva of HIV patient D. Level of virus in the saliva is not significant for Hepatitis B patient E. The presence of Hepatitis B core Antigen in the blood means that active disease is not present

Description : Which of the following is TRUE in regard to high risk patient?** A. 0.1ml of blood from Hepatitis B carrier is less infective than 0.1ml of blood from HIV patient B. 0.1ml of blood from ... B patient E. The presence of Hepatitis B core Antigen in the blood means that active disease is not present

Last Answer : B carrier is more infective than 0.1ml of blood from HIV patient C. Level of virus are similar in the blood and saliva of HIV patient

A patient with no positive history came along for scaling. The moment you pick up the scaler you punch your finger, what should you do? A. Complete the procedure as nothing has happened B. Check patient’s blood for epatitis B antibody BsAb C. Check patient’s blood for epatitis B antigen BsAg D. Check dentist’s blood for epatitis B antibody BsAb and IV antigen IVAg E.

Description : A patient with no positive history came along for scaling. The moment you pick up the scaler you punch your finger, what should you do? A. Complete the procedure as nothing has happened B. Check ... B antigen BsAg D. Check dentist's blood for epatitis B antibody BsAb and IV antigen IVAg E.

Last Answer : A. Complete the procedure as nothing has happened

What is to be done with instruments after surgically treating a patient with confirmed diagnosis of hepatitis B,** A. Soak them in hypochlorite solution “Milton” B. Sterilize, scrub and sterilize C. Handle them with two pairs of household rubber gloves D. Scrub them with iodine surgical solution

Description : What is to be done with instruments after surgically treating a patient with confirmed diagnosis of hepatitis B,** A. Soak them in hypochlorite solution Milton B. Sterilize, scrub ... Handle them with two pairs of household rubber gloves D. Scrub them with iodine surgical solution

Last Answer : B. Sterilize, scrub and sterilize

A patient indicates that he takes methyldopa (Aldomet), he is probably being treated for: A. Hypertension B. Angina pectoris C. Myocardial infection

Description : A patient indicates that he takes methyldopa (Aldomet), he is probably being treated for: A. Hypertension B. Angina pectoris C. Myocardial infection

Last Answer : A. Hypertension

An old male presents complaining of having numerous white lesions in the oral cavity within past few days. Prior to this the family physician prescribed chlorite tetracycline for an upper respiratory infection, the patient is taking this antibiotic for the past two weeks; lesions are relatively non-painful, slightly elevated, adhered plaques on the lip mucosa, buccal mucosa and the tongue. MOST LIKELY to be:

Description : An old male presents complaining of having numerous white lesions in the oral cavity within past  few days. Prior to this the family physician prescribed chlorite tetracycline for an upper  respiratory infection, ... plaques on the lip mucosa, buccal mucosa and  the tongue. MOST LIKELY to be: 

Last Answer : Moniliasis (Which is candidiasis) 

A patient with long standing rheumatoid arthritis and a history of steroid therapy presents for multiple extractions. The dentist should consult the patient’s physician because: A. Patient is more susceptible to infection B. Patient may have a suppressed adrenal cortex C. Patient will need haematological evaluation

Description : A patient with long standing rheumatoid arthritis and a history of steroid therapy presents for multiple extractions. The dentist should consult the patient's physician because: A. Patient is more ... B. Patient may have a suppressed adrenal cortex C. Patient will need haematological evaluation

Last Answer : B. Patient may have a suppressed adrenal cortex

A patient presents complaining of a stomach upset 48 hours after starting a course of antibiotic for oral infection, this is an example of, A. Type I allergic reaction B. Nervous disorder C. Side effect of the drug D. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction E. Pyloric stenosis

Description : A patient presents complaining of a stomach upset 48 hours after starting a course of antibiotic for oral infection, this is an example of, A. Type I allergic reaction B. Nervous disorder C. Side effect of the drug D. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction E. Pyloric stenosis

Last Answer : C. Side effect of the drug

Infectious disease transmission during blood transfusions is of clinical significance to surgeons and of major importance to patients contemplating surgery potentially associated with the need for blood administration. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the transmission of infectious disease during blood transfusions? a. Post-transfusion hepatitis is usually due to hepatitis B b. Hepatitis and HIV transmission is greatest with the administration of pooled plasma products such as serum albumin c. The most important cause of post-transfusion disease in immunosuppressed patients is CMV infection d. The risk of HIV transmission in blood transfusions is significantly less than the risk of hepatitis transmission

Description : Infectious disease transmission during blood transfusions is of clinical significance to surgeons and of major importance to patients contemplating surgery potentially associated with the need for ... transmission in blood transfusions is significantly less than the risk of hepatitis transmission

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The most common infectious diseases transmitted during blood transfusions include viral hepatitis, CMV, and HIV infection. Post-transfusion hepatitis in 90% of cases consists of ... infectious disease transmission, the risks of HIV transmission is markedly less than that of hepatitis

The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris is confirmed by: a. Tzanck cells. b. Test dose of corticosteroid. c. Test of anti body. d. Histological immunofluorescence. e. Serological test for auto antibody.

Description : The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris is confirmed by: a. Tzanck cells. b. Test dose of corticosteroid. c. Test of anti body. d. Histological immunofluorescence. e. Serological test for auto antibody.

Last Answer : d. Histological immunofluorescence.

The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris is confirmed by:** A. Tzanck cells B. Test dose of corticosteroid C. Test of anti body D. Histological immunofluorescence E. Serological test for auto antibody

Description : The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris is confirmed by:** A. Tzanck cells B. Test dose of corticosteroid C. Test of anti body D. Histological immunofluorescence E. Serological test for auto antibody

Last Answer : D. Histological immunofluorescence

Typical features of Down’s syndrome (Mongolism) do not include: A. Multiple immunodeficiencies B. Sever caries but minimal periodontal disease C. Susceptibility to infections D. Multiple missing teeth and malocclusion E. Hepatitis B carriage in institutionalised patients

Description : Typical features of Down’s syndrome (Mongolism) do not include: A. Multiple immunodeficiencies B. Sever caries but minimal periodontal disease C. Susceptibility to infections D. Multiple missing teeth and malocclusion E. Hepatitis B carriage in institutionalised patients

Last Answer : B. Sever caries but minimal periodontal disease

A 55-year-old renal transplant patient has been hospitalized in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit, receiving a prolonged course of antibiotics following an attack of acute cholecystitis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning his management. a. Due to the potential risk of Candida infection, prophylaxis with oral nystatin should be instituted early in the patient’s course b. A Candida urinary tract infection should be treated with systemic amphotericin B c. Changes of Candida retinitis are of little significance d. The presence of a virulent Candida bacteremia should suggest a dosage reduction in immunosuppressive agents until the infection can be adequately controlled

Description : A 55-year-old renal transplant patient has been hospitalized in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit, receiving a prolonged course of antibiotics following an attack of acute cholecystitis. The ... suggest a dosage reduction in immunosuppressive agents until the infection can be adequately controlled

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Infections due to fungal pathogens have become increasingly common during the past decade, frequently occurring in patients undergoing prolonged hospitalization in the Surgical ... agents should be discontinued until evidence of infection is absolutely controlled or is eradicated

A patient of bronchial asthma maintained on theophylline developed upper respiratory tract infection. Which antimicrobial if used can increase the risk of developing theophylline toxicity: A. Ampicillin B. Cephalexin C. Cotrimoxazole D. Erythromycin

Description : A patient of bronchial asthma maintained on theophylline developed upper respiratory tract infection. Which antimicrobial if used can increase the risk of developing theophylline toxicity: A. Ampicillin B. Cephalexin C. Cotrimoxazole D. Erythromycin

Last Answer : D. Erythromycin

Which of the following interventions is the single most important aspect for the patient at risk for anaphylaxis? a) Prevention People who have experienced food, medication, idiopathic, or exerciseinduced anaphylactic reactions should always carry an emergency kit containing epinephrine for injection to prevent the onset of the reaction upon exposure.

Description : Which of the following interventions is the single most important aspect for the patient at risk for anaphylaxis? a) Prevention People who have experienced food, medication, idiopathic, or ... alert bracelet will assist those rendering aid to the patient who has experienced an anaphylactic reaction

Last Answer : a) Prevention People who have experienced food, medication, idiopathic, or exerciseinduced anaphylactic reactions should always carry an emergency kit containing epinephrine for injection to prevent the onset of the reaction upon exposure.

Which amino acid is present at 6th position of β-chain of Hbs instead of glutamate in HbA? (A) Cysteine (B) Valine (C) Aspartate (D) Glutamate

Description : Which amino acid is present at 6th position of β-chain of Hbs instead of glutamate in HbA? (A) Cysteine (B) Valine (C) Aspartate (D) Glutamate

Last Answer : Answer : B

Which of the following statements concerning abnormalities of the haemoglobin molecule is true? 1) Alpha thalassaemia is due to a deficiency of beta-chain production 2) HbS is caused by a single base mutation on the beta-chain 3) genes for the alpha and beta chains are located on the same chromosome 4) in thalassaemia persistance of HbF is an adverse prognostic sign 5) oliguneoclitide probes may assist in the diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies

Description : Which of the following statements concerning abnormalities of the haemoglobin molecule is true? 1) Alpha thalassaemia is due to a deficiency of beta-chain production 2) HbS is caused by a ... is an adverse prognostic sign 5) oliguneoclitide probes may assist in the diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies

Last Answer : Answers-2 Alpha Thalassaemia is due to abnormalities of the alpha chain. Persistence of HbF has survival advnatages in severely affected subjects. C-alpha 16, beta 11. e-Hb electrophoresis(Dr Shu Ho)

What is the defect in HbS?

Description : What is the defect in HbS?

Last Answer : Normally the 6th amino acid in the beta chain is glutamic acid, this is replaced by valine in the HbS molecule.

Why do you think the action of an antibody is helpful in preventing disease or infection?

Description : Why do you think the action of an antibody is helpful in preventing disease or infection?

Last Answer : Need answer

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for both antigen and antibody detection b. Southern, northern, and western immunoblot techniques are used to detect DNA, RNA, or proteins, respectively c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive assay used to detect small amounts of microbial DNA, thus detecting infection at its early stages d. Infectious agents currently detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for ... detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Although the classic detection of infection based on clinical signs of infection and bacterial culture remain the most common clinical tools, increasing ... including CMV and HIV. Furthermore, preliminary investigations into possible detection of fungal pathogens are underway

Most commonly employed test for determining the antibody titers for Newcastle disease infection in B A. Agar gel precipitation test B. Hemagglutination inhibition C. Polymerase chain reaction D. None of these

Description : Most commonly employed test for determining the antibody titers for Newcastle disease infection in B A. Agar gel precipitation test B. Hemagglutination inhibition C. Polymerase chain reaction D. None of these

Last Answer : Hemagglutination inhibition

Most commonly employed test for determining the antibody titers for AI infection is B A. Agar gel precipitation test B. Hemagglutination inhibition C. Polymerase chain reaction D. None of these

Description : Most commonly employed test for determining the antibody titers for AI infection is B A. Agar gel precipitation test B. Hemagglutination inhibition C. Polymerase chain reaction D. None of these

Last Answer : Hemagglutination inhibition

A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection, with most animal viruses, is called (a) histone (b) antibody (c) interferon (d) antigen.

Description : A cell-coded protein that is formed in response to infection, with most animal viruses, is called (a) histone (b) antibody (c) interferon (d) antigen.

Last Answer : (c) interferon

.In minor oral surgery which is TRUE in regard to antibiotics: a. Amoxil is satisfactory against most oral infection. b. Metronidazole and Amoxil have the same penetrating power. c. It is evident that it will reduce post operative swelling.

Description : .In minor oral surgery which is TRUE in regard to antibiotics: a. Amoxil is satisfactory against most oral infection. b. Metronidazole and Amoxil have the same penetrating power. c. It is evident that it will reduce post operative swelling.

Last Answer : a. Amoxil is satisfactory against most oral infection.

Herpetic infection is an iatrogenic infection spread by the infected’s: a. Serum. b. Vesicle. c. Vesicle fluid and saliva.

Description : Herpetic infection is an iatrogenic infection spread by the infected’s: a. Serum. b. Vesicle. c. Vesicle fluid and saliva.

Last Answer : c. Vesicle fluid and saliva.

As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned which of the following is true? a- Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection. b- Raising a lingual flap will increases the incidence of neurapraxia but will reduce the incidence of neurotmesis with respect to the lingual nerve. c- Prophylactic prescription of dexamethasone will dramatically reduce post operative swelling. d- Inferior dental nerve injury is unlikely since the nerve passes medial to the wisdom tooth root. e- The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.

Description : As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned which of the following is true? a- Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection. b- Raising a lingual ... e- The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.

Last Answer : b- Raising a lingual flap will increases the incidence of neurapraxia but will reduce the incidence of neurotmesis with respect to the lingual nerve.

Which is NOT usually related to gingival inflammation in children? A. Endocrine disturbance B. Viral infection C. Mouth breathing D. Spirochetal infection E. Streptococcal infection

Description : Which is NOT usually related to gingival inflammation in children? A. Endocrine disturbance B. Viral infection C. Mouth breathing D. Spirochetal infection E. Streptococcal infection

Last Answer : D. Spirochetal infection

A 9 years-old boy has a small white discolouration on his maxillary central incisor. The lesion is most probably, A. Hypocalcification due to trauma of the primary predecessor B. Hypoplasia due to acute systemic infection when 6-12 months old C. Defect during the histo differentiation stage of development D. Defect during the morho differentiation stage of development

Description : A 9 years-old boy has a small white discolouration on his maxillary central incisor. The lesion is most probably, A. Hypocalcification due to trauma of the primary predecessor B ... the histo differentiation stage of development D. Defect during the morho differentiation stage of development

Last Answer : A. Hypocalcification due to trauma of the primary predecessor

Which of the following is true in regard to smoking, A. Smokers keratosis is common but metaplasia activity is not recognised B. Redox potential is increased resulting in aerobic bacteria C. Tissue perfusion is decreased resulting in increased infection

Description : Which of the following is true in regard to smoking, A. Smokers keratosis is common but metaplasia activity is not recognised B. Redox potential is increased resulting in aerobic bacteria C. Tissue perfusion is decreased resulting in increased infection

Last Answer : A. Smokers keratosis is common but metaplasia activity is not recognised

The MOST common staphylococcal infections is: A. A localised purulent infection of the skin B. Diffuse purulent infection of the skin C. Staphylococcal osteomyelitis D. Impetigo

Description : The MOST common staphylococcal infections is: A. A localised purulent infection of the skin B. Diffuse purulent infection of the skin C. Staphylococcal osteomyelitis D. Impetigo

Last Answer : A. A localised purulent infection of the skin

Which of the following is staphylococcal infection: A. Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)Bright red tongue with a "strawberry" appearance Forchheimer spots (fleeting small, red spots on the soft palate) may occur B. Pericarditis ( inflammation, caused by viral infection, idiopathic, Mycobacterium t C. Pancreatitis no D. Carbuncle

Description : Which of the following is staphylococcal infection: A. Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)Bright red tongue with a "strawberry" appearance Forchheimer spots (fleeting small, red spots on ... inflammation, caused by viral infection, idiopathic, Mycobacterium t C. Pancreatitis no D. Carbuncle

Last Answer : D. Carbuncle

Spread of infection 12, 22 is MOST LIKELY to be: A. Labial B. Palatal

Description : Spread of infection 12, 22 is MOST LIKELY to be: A. Labial B. Palatal

Last Answer : B. Palatal

Thrombo cytopenic purpura would complicate surgery by: A. Oedema B. Haemorrhage C. Acute infection

Description : Thrombo cytopenic purpura would complicate surgery by: A. Oedema B. Haemorrhage C. Acute infection

Last Answer : B. Haemorrhage

Acute pyogenic bacteria infection may result in:** A. Leucopoenia B. Neutropenia C. Leukocytosis D. Lymphocytosis E. Eosinophilia

Description : Acute pyogenic bacteria infection may result in:** A. Leucopoenia B. Neutropenia C. Leukocytosis D. Lymphocytosis E. Eosinophilia

Last Answer : C. Leukocytosis

Koplik’s spots are associated with one of the following: A. Viral infection B. Diabetes C. Measles/ Rubeola D. Rubella E. Candidosis

Description : Koplik’s spots are associated with one of the following: A. Viral infection B. Diabetes C. Measles/ Rubeola D. Rubella E. Candidosis

Last Answer : C. Measles/ Rubeola

Herpetic infection is an iatrogenic infection spread by the infected’s: A. Serum B. Vesicle C. Vesicle fluid and saliva

Description : Herpetic infection is an iatrogenic infection spread by the infected’s: A. Serum B. Vesicle C. Vesicle fluid and saliva

Last Answer : C. Vesicle fluid and saliva

Intact vesicles are MOST likely to be seen in:** A. Herpes simplex infection B. Oral lichenoid reaction C. Aphthous ulceration D. Pemphigus vulgaris E. Cicatricial pemphigoid

Description : Intact vesicles are MOST likely to be seen in:** A. Herpes simplex infection B. Oral lichenoid reaction C. Aphthous ulceration D. Pemphigus vulgaris E. Cicatricial pemphigoid

Last Answer : A. Herpes simplex infection

The presence of sulphur granules is diagnostic of:** A. Actinomycosis B. Candidosis C. Viral infection D. Keratocyte

Description : The presence of sulphur granules is diagnostic of:** A. Actinomycosis B. Candidosis C. Viral infection D. Keratocyte

Last Answer : A. Actinomycosis

Antibiotics should be used routinely to prevent infection arising from oral surgery in patients suffering from all the following EXCEPT: A. Agranulocytosis B. Sever uncontrolled diabetes C. Aplastic anaemia D. Mumps E. Leukaemia

Description : Antibiotics should be used routinely to prevent infection arising from oral surgery in patients suffering from all the following EXCEPT: A. Agranulocytosis B. Sever uncontrolled diabetes C. Aplastic anaemia D. Mumps E. Leukaemia

Last Answer : D. Mumps

Which of the following is a major disadvantage to immediate complete denture therapy: A. Trauma to extraction site FB. Increased the potential of infection C. Impossibility for anterior try in D. Excessive resorption of residual ridge

Description : Which of the following is a major disadvantage to immediate complete denture therapy: A. Trauma to extraction site FB. Increased the potential of infection C. Impossibility for anterior try in D. Excessive resorption of residual ridge

Last Answer : C. Impossibility for anterior try in

Which is usually found when a systemic infection is present: A. Regional lymph node B. Fever C. Cellulitis

Description : Which is usually found when a systemic infection is present: A. Regional lymph node B. Fever C. Cellulitis

Last Answer : B. Fever

Plaque is considered as an infection because: A. Antibiotic therapy prevents or stop its formation B. Indication of bacterial activity C. It is common to both animal and human

Description : Plaque is considered as an infection because: A. Antibiotic therapy prevents or stop its formation B. Indication of bacterial activity C. It is common to both animal and human

Last Answer : B. Indication of bacterial activity

Which of the following is a major disadvantage to immediate complete denture therapy, A. Trauma to extraction site B. Increased potential of infection C. Impossibility for anterior try in D. Excessive resorption of residual ridge

Description : Which of the following is a major disadvantage to immediate complete denture therapy, A. Trauma to extraction site B. Increased potential of infection C. Impossibility for anterior try in D. Excessive resorption of residual ridge

Last Answer : C. Impossibility for anterior try in

Which of the following adverse reaction of oral contraceptives is the most common and the most serious A. Hypotension B. Hepatotoxicity C. Uterine neoplasia D. Thromboembolism disorder E. Decreased resistance to infection

Description : Which of the following adverse reaction of oral contraceptives is the most common and the most serious A. Hypotension B. Hepatotoxicity C. Uterine neoplasia D. Thromboembolism disorder E. Decreased resistance to infection

Last Answer : D. Thromboembolism disorder

Which one of the following is true about oral hairy leukoplakia?** ADC M07 A. Associated with HIV virus infection and is commonly seen on the dorsal of the tongue B. Associated with HIV virus infection and is commonly seen on the lateral side of the tongue C. Usually caused by Candida species D. Always associated with trauma to the lateral side of the tongue E. Always associated with pernicious anaemia

Description : Which one of the following is true about oral hairy leukoplakia?** ADC M07 A. Associated with HIV virus infection and is commonly seen on the dorsal of the tongue B. Associated with HIV ... Always associated with trauma to the lateral side of the tongue E. Always associated with pernicious anaemia

Last Answer : B. Associated with HIV virus infection and is commonly seen on the lateral side of the tongue C. Usually caused by Candida species

In regard to HIV infection, which of the following is the earliest finding? A. Kaposi sarcoma on the palate B. Reduced haemoglobin C. Infection with pneumocystic carinii D. Reduction in white cells count E. B cell lymphoma

Description : In regard to HIV infection, which of the following is the earliest finding? A. Kaposi sarcoma on the palate B. Reduced haemoglobin C. Infection with pneumocystic carinii D. Reduction in white cells count E. B cell lymphoma

Last Answer : D. Reduction in white cells count

As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned, which of the following is true?**CHECK A. Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection B. Raising a lingual flap will increases the incidence of neurapraxia but will reduce the incidence of neurotmesis with respect to the lingual nerve ADC M07 C. Prophylactic prescription of dexamethasone will dramatically reduces post operative swelling D. Inferior dental nerve injury is unlikely since the nerve passes medial to the wisdom tooth root E. The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.

Description : As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned, which of the following is true?**CHECK A. Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection B. Raising ... root E. The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.

Last Answer : C. Prophylactic prescription of dexamethasone will dramatically reduces post operative swelling

A 65 years-old woman arrived for dental therapy. The answered questionnaire shows that she is suffering from severe cirrhosis. The problem that can be anticipated in the routine dental therapy is: A. Extreme susceptibility to pain B. Tendency towards prolonged haemorrhage C. Recurring oral infection D. Increased tendency to syncope E. Difficulty in achieving adequate local anaesthesia

Description : A 65 years-old woman arrived for dental therapy. The answered questionnaire shows that she is suffering from severe cirrhosis. The problem that can be anticipated in the routine dental ... oral infection D. Increased tendency to syncope E. Difficulty in achieving adequate local anaesthesia

Last Answer : B. Tendency towards prolonged haemorrhage

How can hepatitis B infection be prevented?

Description : How can hepatitis B infection be prevented?

Last Answer : Temporary protection for 3 to 6 months from HBV infection can be obtained by taking a vaccine called Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG).

Which of the following infection(s) can be diagnosed by the use of polymerase chain reaction? A- HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses B- Hepatitis B virus C- Mycobacterium tuberculosis D- All of these

Description : Which of the following infection(s) can be diagnosed by the use of polymerase chain reaction? A- HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses B- Hepatitis B virus C- Mycobacterium tuberculosis D- All of these

Last Answer : All of these

The usual incubation period (infection to first symptom) for hepatitis B is a) 45-160 days. Hepatitis B is responsible for more than 200 deaths of healthcare workers annually.

Description : The usual incubation period (infection to first symptom) for hepatitis B is a) 45-160 days. Hepatitis B is responsible for more than 200 deaths of healthcare workers annually. b) 15-50 days. The incubation ... 6-9 months. d) unclear. The incubation periods for hepatitis D, E, and G are unclear.

Last Answer : a) 45-160 days. Hepatitis B is responsible for more than 200 deaths of healthcare workers annually.