Description : Which of the following statements regarding transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) are true? a. TGF-b expression is autoregulated b. TGF-b enhances collagen synthesis c. TGF-b inhibits extracellular matrix production d. TGF-b may inhibit or promote cellular proliferation
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d TGF-b appears to be one of the key cytokines in control of tissue repair. TGF-b is strongly chemotactic for neutrophils, T cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. ... TGF-b stimulates the proliferation of densely plated human marrow fibroblasts, but is inhibitory at high concentrations
Description : Which of the following statements regarding fibroblasts and their function in wound healing are true? a. IL-1 has both inhibitory and promotional effects on fibroblast growth b. TNFa ... EGF (epithelial growth factor) has been demonstrated to accelerate epidermal regeneration in cutaneous wounds
Last Answer : Answer: a, d IL-1 appears to be important in the process of normal wound repair. IL-1 has been shown to stimulate skin fibroblast and keratinocyte growth, as well as ... that recombinant EGF enhances keratinocyte migration. EGF is also a potent chemoattractant for granulation tissue fibroblasts
Description : A patient who has been taking quantities of aspirin might show increased post operative bleeding because aspirin inhibits:** A. Synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation B. ... network E. Increase the absorption of vitamin K and prevents synthesis of blood clotting factors
Last Answer : A. Synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation
Description : An important function of vitamin A is (A) To act as coenzyme for a few enzymes (B) To play an integral role in protein synthesis (C) To prevent hemorrhages (D) To maintain the integrity of epithelial tissue
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Which of the following activates Hageman factor in blood clotting? B A. Kinins B. Negatively charged surfaces C. Complement C5a D. Positively charged collagen
Last Answer : Negatively charged surfaces
Description : Which of the following is NOT a significant factor in determining virulence of AA = Actinomyces actinomycetem comitans? A. It effects chemotaxis T B. Produces leukous toxins T C. Destroys collagen t D. It is immuno-suppressive Not significant
Last Answer : D. It is immuno-suppressive Not significant
Description : Which of the following elements is not found in normal periodontal membrane: A. Fibroblast B. Epithelial cells C. Erythrocytes D. Vest cells of malaise E. Inflammatory plasma cells and lymphocytes
Last Answer : C. Erythrocytes
Description : Painless bluish lump filled with fluid on the lips; MOST likely is: A. Smoker’s keratosis B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Mucocele D. Fibroma E. Fibro-epithelial polyp
Last Answer : C. Mucocele
Description : How can you differentiate between a benign epithelial tumour and a carcinoma:
Last Answer : Soft papillomatous mass, not indurated or not fixed /Moves freely/ and pedunculated.
Description : Apical migration of the epithelial attachment followed by atrophy of marginal gingiva at the same level results in: A. False periodontal pocket B. Periodontal pocket recession C. Gingival cleft D. True pocket
Last Answer : B. Periodontal pocket recession
Description : Which type of cells does an abscess contain: A. Mast cells B. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes C. Eosinophils D. Epithelial cells
Last Answer : B. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Description : The commonest cells which are found in periodontal membrane are:** A. Fibroblast B. Epithelial cells C. Erythrocytes D. Vest cells of malaise
Last Answer : A. Fibroblast
Description : The normal range of gingival depth “Epithelial attachment” in healthy mouth is: A. 1-2 mm B. 0-3 mm C. 2-3 mm D. 0-5 mm
Last Answer : C. 2-3 mm
Description : The cause of development of lateral canals is: A. Cracks in Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
Last Answer : A. Cracks in Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
Description : Which of the following lesions CANNOT BE classified as an intra-epithelial lesion?** A. Herpes simplex infections B. Pemphigus vulgaris C. Herpangina D. Lichen planus E. Hand, foot and mouth disease
Last Answer : D. Lichen planus
Description : for dental caries to progress in dentine, A. the dentine must contain soluble collagen B. enamel must contain glycoproteins C. diet must contain simple carbohydrate D. diet must contain polysaccharides E. pulp must contain complement
Last Answer : C. diet must contain simple carbohydrate
Description : In 3rd generation dentin bonding agents, HEMA (Hydroxyethylmethacrylate) is 1. a hydrophilic monomer that wets the dentinal surface 2. a hydrophilic resin that forms a hybrid layer by chemically reacting the intertubular dentin. 3. a hydrophilic ... a. 1,2 b. 1,4 c. 2,3 d. 1,3 e. 3,4
Last Answer : b. 1,4
Description : For dental caries to progress in dentine, A. The dentine must contain soluble collagen B. Enamel must contain glycoproteins C. Diet must contain simple carbohydrate D. Diet must contain polysaccharides E. Pulp must contain complement
Last Answer : C. Diet must contain simple carbohydrate
Description : A patient on dicoumarol treatment needs extraction. Which of the following is MOST valuable in evaluating surgical risks: A. Clotting time B. Bleeding time C. Prothrombin time D. Sedimentation rate E. Complete blood cell count
Last Answer : C. Prothrombin time
Description : Patient with haemophilia presents which of the following findings:** A. Increased prothrombin time B. Increased bleeding time C. Increased clotting time
Last Answer : A. Increased prothrombin time
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning pharmacologic agents used to accelerate wound healing? a. A number of these agents are now currently approved for use in ... healing in chronic wounds d. Growth hormone functions by promoting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis
Last Answer : Answer: b, c Currently there are no approved clinical agents that accelerate normal healing. Although a number of clinical trials are in progress, no agents are currently ... hormone administration significantly accelerates donor site healing, presumably due to its effects in minimizing catabolism
Description : Acid conditioning of enamel and eroded dentine: A. Provides an none traumatic, conservative clinical approach to the bonding of restorative material B. Is a traumatic approach to bonding ... highly significant retention and good marginal integrity and clinical durability E. None of the above
Last Answer : A. Provides an none traumatic, conservative clinical approach to the bonding of restorative material
Description : Biological functions of lipids include (A) Source of energy (B) Insulating material (C) Maintenance of cellular integrity (D) All of these
Description : Hemostasis and the cessation of bleeding require which of the following processes? A. Adherence of platelets to exposed subendothelial glycoproteins and collagen with subsequent aggregation of platelets and ... conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. D. Cross-linking of fibrin by factor XIII.
Last Answer : Answer: ABCD DISCUSSION: Hemostasis requires the interaction of platelets with the exposed subendothelial structures at the site of injury followed by aggregation of more platelets in that area. ... form a stable clot that incorporates the platelet plug and fibrin thrombus into a stable clot
Description : Function of Vitamin A: (A) Healing epithelial tissues (B) Protein synthesis regulation (C) Cell growth (D) All of these
Description : Factors that decrease collagen synthesis include all of the following except: A. Protein depletion. B. Infection. C. Anemia. D. Advanced age. E. Hypoxia.
Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Collagen synthesis, an integral part of wound healing, is affected by many local and systemic factors. Protein depletion impairs fibroplasia. Hypoproteinemia leads to diminution of ... more than any other factor, wound infection is associated with the risk of wound failure
Description : Vitamin K regulates the synthesis of blood clotting factors. (A) VII (B) IX (C) X (D) All of these
Description : Vitamin K regulates the synthesis of blood clotting factors: (A) VII (B) IX (C) X (D) All of these
Description : Aspirin prolongs bleeding time by inhibiting the synthesis of: A. Clotting factors in liver B. Prostacyclin in vascular endothelium C. Cyclic AMP in platelets D. Thromboxane A2 in platelets
Last Answer : D. Thromboxane A2 in platelets
Description : The following statements are true of oral anticoagulants except: A. They interfere with an early step in the synthesis of clotting factors B. Irrespective of the dose administered, their ... dose is adjusted by repeated measurement of prothrombin time D. They are contraindicated during pregnancy
Last Answer : A. They interfere with an early step in the synthesis of clotting factors
Description : Transdermal estradiol differs from oral estrogen therapy in that it: A. Causes less induction of hepatic synthesis of clotting factors B. Does not inhibit FSH secretion C. Does not affect vaginal cytology D. All of the above are correct
Last Answer : A. Causes less induction of hepatic synthesis of clotting factors
Description : Which of the following tissues contain significant collagen useful for placing sutures to allow the prolonged tension necessary to maintain tissue approximation? a. Dermis b. Intestinal submucosa c. Muscular fascia d. Blood vessel wall
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d It takes at least three weeks for collagen to undergo sufficient remodeling and cross linking to attain moderate strength. Since most skin sutures are removed at one to ... , Scarpa's fascia, and blood vessel wall represent a partial list of tissues with high collagen content
Description : .In developing plaque; the adhesive polymer produced by streptococcus mutans is synthesis from: A. Glucose B. Fructose C. Sucrose D. Lactose E. Amylose
Last Answer : C. Sucrose
Description : Good oral hygiene and fluoridation is LEAST useful in preventing caries of: A. Pit and fissure B. Smooth surface C. Inaccessible areas
Last Answer : A. Pit and fissure
Description : Which of the following is MOST useful in differentiating between apical abscess and periodontal: A. Percussion B. Vitality tests C. Cold tests D. Heat tests
Last Answer : B. Vitality tests
Description : .Which of the following is true: A. Antibiotics are useful in the treatment of periodontitis B. Trauma from occlusion causes thickening of the marginal gingivae C. Periodontitis is the ... can be identified by x-ray E. Periodontitis is the most common disease in the oral cavity
Last Answer : E. Periodontitis is the most common disease in the oral cavity
Description : Biopsy is least useful in the diagnosis of, A. Geographic tongue B. Aphthous ulcer C. Cysts D. Granuloma E. Myeloma
Last Answer : A. Geographic tongue
Description : Select the alternative giving correct identification and function of the organelle A' in the diagram. (a) Mitochondria - Produce cellular energy in the form of ATP (b) Golgi body - ... packaging material (c) Lysosomes - Secrete hydrolytic enzymes (d) Endoplasmic reticulum - Synthesis of lipids
Last Answer : (a) Mitochondria - Produce cellular energy in the form of ATP
Description : The most significant nursing problem related to continuous tube feedings is a) potential for aspiration Because the normal swallowing mechanism is bypassed, consideration of the danger of ... in fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis Tube feedings maintain fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis.
Last Answer : a) potential for aspiration Because the normal swallowing mechanism is bypassed, consideration of the danger of aspiration must be foremost in the mind of the nurse caring for the patient receiving continuous tube feedings.
Description : Data encryption techniquesare particularly useful for A. reducingstorage space requirements B. improving data integrity C. protecting data indata communication systems D. All of theabove E. None of the above
Last Answer : protecting data indata communication systems
Description : Defeciency of following vitamin decreases hemoglobin production ? A. Biotin B. Thiamine C. Niacin D. Pyridoxine (Answer) E. None of these
Last Answer : D. Pyridoxine (Answer)
Description : In contrast to adult wound healing with scar formation, which of the following are characteristic of scarless fetal skin repair? A. Matrix rich in hyaluronic acid. B. Increased inflammatory response. C. Increased production of TGF-b. D. No collagen deposition. E. Minimal angiogenesis.
Last Answer : Answer: AE DISCUSSION: The ability of a fetus to heal without scar formation depends on its gestational age at the time of injury and the size of the wound defect. In ... repair has possible clinical applications in the modulation of adult fibrotic diseases and abnormal scar-forming conditions
Description : One of the practical applications of genetic engineering is the bacterial production of ____. a. human insulin. b. human growth hormone c. blood clotting factors VIII and IX d. antiviral proteins e. all of the above
Last Answer : c. blood clotting factors VIII and IX
Description : Which of the following substances, not normally present in the circulation, trigger the initiating events in the hemostatic process? a. Thrombin b. Platelet factor 3 c. Tissue factor d. Collagen
Last Answer : Answer: c, d The initiating agents for hemostasis involve two substances that are not normally present in the circulation-collagen and tissue factor. Tissue factor is released from ... phospholipid surface to form the so-called prothrombinase complex which catalyzes the formation of thrombin
Description : Which clotting factor has makes antiheparin `:-`
Last Answer : Which clotting factor has makes antiheparin `:-` A. Serotonin B. Fibrin C. Fibrinogen D. Thromboplastin
Description : Which clotting factor has been rejected now `:-`
Last Answer : Which clotting factor has been rejected now `:-` A. VIII B. VII C. VI D. V
Description : The action of Vitamin K in formation of clotting factor is through (A) Post transcription (B) Post translation (C) Golgi complex (D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning hemophilia A? a. Hemophilia A is inherited as a sex-linked recessive deficiency of factor VIII b. A positive family history for ... platelet aggregation d. Spontaneous bleeding is unusual with factor VIII levels greater than 10% of normal
Last Answer : Answer: a, d Hemophilia A is inherited as a sex-linked recessive deficiency of factor VIII although 0% of cases are secondary to spontaneous mutation. The incidence of this abnormality is ... factor levels as low as 1% have been noted and patients are at risk for spontaneous bleeding
Description : Unfractionated heparin binds to antithrombin III and inactivates clotting factor(s) (a) Xa (b) Ixa (c) Iia (d) All of the above (e) None of the above
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : Blood level of which clotting factor declines most rapidly after the initiation of warfarin therapy: A. Factor VII B. Factor IX C. Factor X D. Prothrombin
Last Answer : A. Factor VII