For a balanced section, the tensile stress in the reinforcement [ A ] reaches its allowable stress [ B ] is always less than its allowable stress [ C ] may be greater than its allowable stress [ D ] none of the above

For a balanced section, the tensile stress in the reinforcement
[ A ] reaches its allowable stress
[ B ] is always less than its allowable stress
[ C ] may be greater than its allowable stress
[ D ] none of the above
by

1 Answer

Answer :

[ A ] reaches its allowable stress
by

Related questions

In a singly reinforced beam, if the stress in concrete reaches its allowable limit later than the steel reaches, its permissible value, the beam section is said to be (a) Under-reinforced section (b) Over-reinforced section (c) Critical section (d) Balanced section

Description : In a singly reinforced beam, if the stress in concrete reaches its allowable limit later than the steel reaches, its permissible value, the beam section is said to be (a) Under-reinforced section (b) Over-reinforced section (c) Critical section (d) Balanced section

Last Answer : (b) Over-reinforced section

For an over –reinforced (singly reinforced )rectangular reinforced concrete section (a) The lever arm will be less than that for a balanced section (b) The maximum stress developed by concrete will be equal to allowable stress in concrete (c) The maximum stress developed by steel will be equal to the allowable (d) All the above

Description : For an over -reinforced (singly reinforced )rectangular reinforced concrete section (a) The lever arm will be less than that for a balanced section (b) The maximum stress developed by concrete will be equal ... c) The maximum stress developed by steel will be equal to the allowable (d) All the above

Last Answer : (b) The maximum stress developed by concrete will be equal to allowable stress in concrete

For a balanced section, the moment of resistance obtained from compressive force will be ___________the moment of resistance obtained from the tensile force (a) Greater than (b) Less than (c) Equal to (d) None of these

Description : For a balanced section, the moment of resistance obtained from compressive force will be ___________the moment of resistance obtained from the tensile force (a) Greater than (b) Less than (c) Equal to (d) None of these

Last Answer : (c) Equal to

In a singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in steel reaches earlier than that of concrete, the beam section as called [ A ] Under reinforced section [ B ] Over reinforced section [ C ] Balanced section [ D ] Critical section

Description : In a singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in steel reaches earlier than that of concrete, the beam section as called [ A ] Under reinforced section [ B ] Over reinforced section [ C ] Balanced section [ D ] Critical section

Last Answer : [ A ] Under reinforced section

In a Singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in concrete reaches earlier than that in steel, the beam section is called [ A ] Under reinforced section [ B ] Over reinforced section [ C ] Balanced section [ D ] Critical section

Description : In a Singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in concrete reaches earlier than that in steel, the beam section is called [ A ] Under reinforced section [ B ] Over reinforced section [ C ] Balanced section [ D ] Critical section

Last Answer : [ B ] Over reinforced section

The depth of neutral axis for a balanced section is --------- the depth of critical neutral axis [ A ] equal [ B ] always greater than [ C ] always less than [ D ] may be sometimes greater than

Description : The depth of neutral axis for a balanced section is --------- the depth of critical neutral axis [ A ] equal [ B ] always greater than [ C ] always less than [ D ] may be sometimes greater than

Last Answer : [ A ] equal

The section in which concrete is not fully stressed to its permissible value when stress in steel reaches its maximum value is (a) Under-reinforced section (b) Over-reinforced section (c) Critical section (d) Balanced section

Description : The section in which concrete is not fully stressed to its permissible value when stress in steel reaches its maximum value is (a) Under-reinforced section (b) Over-reinforced section (c) Critical section (d) Balanced section

Last Answer : (a) Under-reinforced section

If the shear stress in a R.C.C. beam is (A) Equal or less than 5 kg/cm2 , no shear reinforcement is provided (B) Greater than 4 kg/cm2 , but less than 20 kg/cm2 , shear reinforcement is provided (C) Greater than 20 kg/cm2 , the size of the section is changed (D) All the above

Description : If the shear stress in a R.C.C. beam is (A) Equal or less than 5 kg/cm2 , no shear reinforcement is provided (B) Greater than 4 kg/cm2 , but less than 20 kg/cm2 , shear reinforcement is provided (C) Greater than 20 kg/cm2 , the size of the section is changed (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Regarding the working stress design of under reinforced concrete section, (a) The neutral axis depth will be greater than that of a balanced section. (b) The stress in steel intension will reach its maximum permissible value first. (c) The moment of resistance will be less than that of the balanced section. (d) The concrete on the tension side is also be considered for calculating the moment of resistance of the section.

Description : Regarding the working stress design of under reinforced concrete section, (a) The neutral axis depth will be greater than that of a balanced section. (b) The stress in steel intension will reach ... on the tension side is also be considered for calculating the moment of resistance of the section.

Last Answer : both b&c

If d is the diameter of a bar, ft is allowable tensile stress and fb, is allowable bond stress, the bond length is given by (A) ft .d/4fb (B) ( /4). (ft .d/fb) (C) ft .d²/fb (D) ( /4). (ft .d 3 /fb)

Description : If d is the diameter of a bar, ft is allowable tensile stress and fb, is allowable bond stress, the bond length is given by (A) ft .d/4fb (B) ( /4). (ft .d/fb) (C) ft .d²/fb (D) ( /4). (ft .d 3 /fb)

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

The allowable tensile stress in mild steel stirrups, reinforced cement concrete, is(A) 1400 kg/cm2(B) 190 kg/cm2(C) 260 kg/cm2(D) 230 kg/cm

Description : The allowable tensile stress in mild steel stirrups, reinforced cement concrete, is (A) 1400 kg/cm2 (B) 190 kg/cm2 (C) 260 kg/cm2 (D) 230 kg/cm

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

In the zone of R.C.C. beam where shear stress is less than 5 kg/cm2 , nominal reinforcement is provided at a pitch of (A) One-half lever arm of the section (B) One-third lever arm of the section (C) Lever arm of the section (D) One and half lever arm of the section

Description : In the zone of R.C.C. beam where shear stress is less than 5 kg/cm2 , nominal reinforcement is provided at a pitch of (A) One-half lever arm of the section (B) One-third lever arm of the section (C) Lever arm of the section (D) One and half lever arm of the section

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

In a beam section, if the steel reinforcement is of such a magnitude that the permissible stresses in concrete and steel are developed simultaneously, the section is. (a) Balanced section (b) Economical section (c) Critical section (d) All the above

Description : In a beam section, if the steel reinforcement is of such a magnitude that the permissible stresses in concrete and steel are developed simultaneously, the section is. (a) Balanced section (b) Economical section (c) Critical section (d) All the above

Last Answer : (d) All the above

The moment of resistance of an over-reinforcement section is determined on the basis of (a) Compressive force developed in concrete (b) Tensile force developed in steel (c) Both (a) & (b) (d) None of these

Description : The moment of resistance of an over-reinforcement section is determined on the basis of (a) Compressive force developed in concrete (b) Tensile force developed in steel (c) Both (a) & (b) (d) None of these

Last Answer : (a) Compressive force developed in concrete

The application of elastic theory to the beams is based on the assumption that (a) At any cross-section, plane sections before bending remain plane after bending (b) All tensile stresses are taken up by reinforcement alone and none by the concrete. (c) Steel reinforcement is free from initial stresses when it is embedded in concrete. (d) All of the above

Description : The application of elastic theory to the beams is based on the assumption that (a) At any cross-section, plane sections before bending remain plane after bending (b) All tensile stresses are taken ... reinforcement is free from initial stresses when it is embedded in concrete. (d) All of the above

Last Answer : (d) All of the above

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following: Tensile reinforcement bars of a rectangular beam (A) Are curtailed if not required to resist the bending moment (B) Are bent up at suitable places to serve as shear reinforcement (C) Are bent down at suitable places to serve as shear reinforcement (D) Are maintained at bottom to provide at least local bond stress

Description : Pick up the incorrect statement from the following: Tensile reinforcement bars of a rectangular beam (A) Are curtailed if not required to resist the bending moment (B) Are bent up at suitable ... to serve as shear reinforcement (D) Are maintained at bottom to provide at least local bond stress

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

The purpose of reinforcement in pre-stressed concrete is (A) To provide adequate bond stress (B) To resist tensile stresses (C) To impart initial compressive stress in concrete (D) All of the above

Description : The purpose of reinforcement in pre-stressed concrete is (A) To provide adequate bond stress (B) To resist tensile stresses (C) To impart initial compressive stress in concrete (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

As the elastic limit reaches, tensile strain (A) Increases more rapidly (B) Decreases more rapidly (C) Increases in proportion to the stress (D) Decreases in proportion to the stress

Description : As the elastic limit reaches, tensile strain (A) Increases more rapidly (B) Decreases more rapidly (C) Increases in proportion to the stress (D) Decreases in proportion to the stress

Last Answer : (A) Increases more rapidly

An R.C.C. beam of 6 m span is 30 cm wide and has a lever arm of 55 cm. If it carries a U.D.L. of 12 t per m and allowable shear stress is 5 kg/cm2 , the beam (A) Is safe in shear (B) Is safe with stirrups (C) Is safe with stirrups and inclined bars (D) Needs revision of section

Description : An R.C.C. beam of 6 m span is 30 cm wide and has a lever arm of 55 cm. If it carries a U.D.L. of 12 t per m and allowable shear stress is 5 kg/cm2 , the beam (A) Is safe in shear (B) Is safe with stirrups (C) Is safe with stirrups and inclined bars (D) Needs revision of section

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

In general, the depth of slab should be ---------------- the minimum depth required for balanced section. [ A ] Equal to [ B ] Less than [ C ] Greater than [ D ] Half of

Description : In general, the depth of slab should be ---------------- the minimum depth required for balanced section. [ A ] Equal to [ B ] Less than [ C ] Greater than [ D ] Half of

Last Answer : [ C ] Greater than

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The moment of inertia is calculated about the axis about which bending takes place (B) If tensile stress is less than axial stress, the section experiences compressive stress (C) If tensile stress is equal to axial stress, the section experiences compressive stress (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following:  (A) The moment of inertia is calculated about the axis about which bending takes place  (B) If tensile stress is less than axial ... tensile stress is equal to axial stress, the section experiences compressive stress  (D) All the above 

Last Answer : (D) All the above 

If the depth of actual neutral axis of a doubly reinforced beam (A) Is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, the concrete attains its maximum stress earlier (B) Is less than the depth of critical neutral axis, the steel in the tensile zone attains its maximum stress earlier (C) Is equal to the depth of critical neutral axis; the concrete and steel attain their maximum stresses simultaneously (D) All the above

Description : If the depth of actual neutral axis of a doubly reinforced beam (A) Is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, the concrete attains its maximum stress earlier (B) Is less ... critical neutral axis; the concrete and steel attain their maximum stresses simultaneously (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Maximum allowable spacing of shear reinforcement for inclined stirrups with an inclination of 45° is restricted to [ A ] 0.75 d [ B ] 0.45 d [ C ] 0.90 d [ D ] d

Description : Maximum allowable spacing of shear reinforcement for inclined stirrups with an inclination of 45° is restricted to [ A ] 0.75 d [ B ] 0.45 d [ C ] 0.90 d [ D ] d

Last Answer : [ D ] d

Maximum allowable spacing of shear reinforcement for vertical stirrups is restricted to [ A ] d [ B ] 0.45 d [ C ] 0.75 d [ D ] 0.90 d

Description : Maximum allowable spacing of shear reinforcement for vertical stirrups is restricted to [ A ] d [ B ] 0.45 d [ C ] 0.75 d [ D ] 0.90 d

Last Answer : [ C ] 0.75 d

At any point of a beam, the section modulus may be obtained by dividing the moment of inertia of the section by (A) Depth of the section (B) Depth of the neutral axis (C) Maximum tensile stress at the section (D) Maximum compressive stress at the section

Description : At any point of a beam, the section modulus may be obtained by dividing the moment of inertia of  the section by  (A) Depth of the section  (B) Depth of the neutral axis  (C) Maximum tensile stress at the section  (D) Maximum compressive stress at the section

Last Answer : (B) Depth of the neutral axis 

The region of the cross-section of a column in which compressive load may be applied without producing any tensile stress, is known as the core of the cross-section. In circular columns the radius of the core, is (A) One-half of the radius (B) One-third of the radius (C) One-quarter of the radius (D) One-fifth of the radius

Description : The region of the cross-section of a column in which compressive load may be applied without producing any tensile stress, is known as the core of the cross-section. In circular columns the radius of the core, ... One-third of the radius (C) One-quarter of the radius (D) One-fifth of the radius

Last Answer : (C) One-quarter of the radius

In a singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in concrete reaches earlier than that in steel, the beam section is called (A) Under-reinforced section (B) Over reinforced section (C) Economic section (D) Critical section

Description : In a singly reinforced beam, if the permissible stress in concrete reaches earlier than that in steel, the beam section is called (A) Under-reinforced section (B) Over reinforced section (C) Economic section (D) Critical section

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Pick up the assumption for the design of a pre-stressed concrete member from the following: (A) A transverse plane section remains a plane after bending (B) During deformation limits, Hook's law is equally applicable to concrete as well as to steel (C) Variation of stress in reinforcement due to changes in external loading is negligible (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the assumption for the design of a pre-stressed concrete member from the following: (A) A transverse plane section remains a plane after bending (B) During deformation limits, Hook's ... of stress in reinforcement due to changes in external loading is negligible (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

In a limit state method of design, when shear reinforcement is not provided, the calculated shear stress at the critical section of a slab shall not exceed; [ A ] Ks 0.25 v fck [ B ] ks 0.20 v fck [ C ] ks 0.16 v fck [ D ] ks 0.10 v fck

Description : In a limit state method of design, when shear reinforcement is not provided, the calculated shear stress at the critical section of a slab shall not exceed; [ A ] Ks 0.25 v fck [ B ] ks 0.20 v fck [ C ] ks 0.16 v fck [ D ] ks 0.10 v fck

Last Answer : [ A ] Ks 0.25 v fck

Moment of resistance for a under reinforced section --------- that of a critical section [ A ] Is equal to [ B ] Is always greater than [ C ] Is less than [ D ] May be sometimes greater than

Description : Moment of resistance for a under reinforced section --------- that of a critical section [ A ] Is equal to [ B ] Is always greater than [ C ] Is less than [ D ] May be sometimes greater than

Last Answer : [ C ] Is less than

If the depth of actual neutral axis is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, then [ A ] Concrete attains its permissible stress earlier [ B ] Steel attains its permissible stress earlier [ C ] Both concrete and steel reaches its permissible stresses simultaneously [ D ] None of the above

Description : If the depth of actual neutral axis is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, then [ A ] Concrete attains its permissible stress earlier [ B ] Steel attains its permissible stress earlier [ C ] Both concrete and steel reaches its permissible stresses simultaneously [ D ] None of the above

Last Answer : [ A ] Concrete attains its permissible stress earlier

Allowable shear strength of concrete, depends upon (A) Shear strength (B) Tensile strength (C) Compressive strength (D) None of these

Description : Allowable shear strength of concrete, depends upon (A) Shear strength (B) Tensile strength (C) Compressive strength (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

If the permissible stress in steel in tension is 140 N/mm², then the depth of neutral axis for a singly reinforced rectangular balanced section will be (A) 0.35 d (B) 0.40 d (C) 0.45 d (D) Dependent on grade of concrete also

Description : If the permissible stress in steel in tension is 140 N/mm², then the depth of neutral axis for a singly reinforced rectangular balanced section will be (A) 0.35 d (B) 0.40 d (C) 0.45 d (D) Dependent on grade of concrete also

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

According to Whitney's theory, depth of stress block for a balanced section of a concrete beam is limited to (A) 0.43 d (B) 0.537 d (C) 0.68 d (D) 0.85 d Where d is effective depth of beam

Description : According to Whitney's theory, depth of stress block for a balanced section of a concrete beam is limited to (A) 0.43 d (B) 0.537 d (C) 0.68 d (D) 0.85 d Where d is effective depth of beam

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

According to ISI recommendations, the maximum depth of stress block for balanced section of a beam of effective depth d is (A) 0.43 d (B) 0.55 d (C) 0.68 d (D) 0.85 d

Description : According to ISI recommendations, the maximum depth of stress block for balanced section of a beam of effective depth d is (A) 0.43 d (B) 0.55 d (C) 0.68 d (D) 0.85 d

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

The section modulus of a rectangular light beam 25 metres long is 12.500 cm3 . The beam is simply supported at its ends and carries a longitudinal axial tensile load of 10 tonnes in addition to a point load of 4 tonnes at the centre. The maximum stress in the bottom most fibre at the mid span section, is (A) 13.33 kg/cm2 tensile (B) 13.33 kg/cm2 compressive (C) 26.67 kg/cm2 tensile (D) 26.67 kg/cm2 compressive

Description : The section modulus of a rectangular light beam 25 metres long is 12.500 cm3 . The beam is simply supported at its ends and carries a longitudinal axial tensile load of 10 tonnes in addition to a point load of ... 13.33 kg/cm2 compressive (C) 26.67 kg/cm2 tensile (D) 26.67 kg/cm2 compressive

Last Answer : (C) 26.67 kg/cm2 tensile

A cast iron T section beam is subjected to pure bending. For maximum compressive stress to be three times the maximum tensile stress, centre of gravity of the section from flange side is (A) h/4 (B) h/3 (C) h/2 (D) 2/3 h

Description : A cast iron T section beam is subjected to pure bending. For maximum compressive stress to be  three times the maximum tensile stress, centre of gravity of the section from flange side is  (A) h/4  (B) h/3  (C) h/2  (D) 2/3 h

Last Answer : (A) h/4 

Select the incorrect statement from the following In eccentrically loaded columns, [ A ] The tensile strength of concrete is ignored [ B ] Design stress – strain curve for steel in compression is the same as in tension [ C ] The strain at different points in the section will be same [ D ] Plane section remain plane even after bending

Description : Select the incorrect statement from the following In eccentrically loaded columns, [ A ] The tensile strength of concrete is ignored [ B ] Design stress - strain curve for steel in compression is the ... different points in the section will be same [ D ] Plane section remain plane even after bending

Last Answer : [ C ] The strain at different points in the section will be same

Lapped splices in tensile reinforcement are generally not used for bars of size larger than (A) 18 mm diameter (B) 24 mm diameter (C) 30 mm diameter (D) 36 mm diameter

Description : Lapped splices in tensile reinforcement are generally not used for bars of size larger than (A) 18 mm diameter (B) 24 mm diameter (C) 30 mm diameter (D) 36 mm diameter

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

The length of lap in tension reinforcement should not be less than the bar diameter × (actual tension / four times the permissible average bond stress) if it is more than (A) 18 bar diameters (B) 24 bar diameters (C) 30 bar diameters (D) 36 bar diameters

Description : The length of lap in tension reinforcement should not be less than the bar diameter × (actual tension / four times the permissible average bond stress) if it is more than (A) 18 bar diameters (B) 24 bar diameters (C) 30 bar diameters (D) 36 bar diameters

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

When the nominal shear stress is less than permissible shear stress in concrete then [ A ] Provide minimum shear reinforcement [ B ] No shear reinforcement is necessary [ C ] Provide design shear reinforcement [ D ] None of the above

Description : When the nominal shear stress is less than permissible shear stress in concrete then [ A ] Provide minimum shear reinforcement [ B ] No shear reinforcement is necessary [ C ] Provide design shear reinforcement [ D ] None of the above

Last Answer : [ A ] Provide minimum shear reinforcement

The region of the cross-section of a column in which compressive load may be applied without producing any tensile stress, is known as the core of the cross-section. In circular columns the radius of the core, is (a) One-half of the radius (b) One-third of the radius (c) One-quarter of the radius (d) One-fifth of the radius

Description : The region of the cross-section of a column in which compressive load may be applied without producing any tensile stress, is known as the core of the cross-section. In circular columns the radius of the core, ... One-third of the radius (c) One-quarter of the radius (d) One-fifth of the radius

Last Answer : (c) One-quarter of the radius

In a singly reinforced beam, the effective depth is measured from its compression edge to (A) Tensile edge (B) Tensile reinforcement (C) Neutral axis of the beam (D) Longitudinal central axis

Description : In a singly reinforced beam, the effective depth is measured from its compression edge to (A) Tensile edge (B) Tensile reinforcement (C) Neutral axis of the beam (D) Longitudinal central axis

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Which of the following is/are true? A. Because of its thickness, the tensile strength of a healing wound on the eyelid is much less than one on the thick skin of the back. B. By 2 days, the experimental burst strength of skin is minimal since collagen has been formed in the wound but has not yet cross-linked. C. Wound strength reaches a plateau by 3 weeks. D. Wounds rarely, if ever, regain the strength of intact tissues.

Description : Which of the following is/are true? A. Because of its thickness, the tensile strength of a healing wound on the eyelid is much less than one on the thick skin of the back. B. By 2 days, ... strength reaches a plateau by 3 weeks. D. Wounds rarely, if ever, regain the strength of intact tissues.

Last Answer : Answer: BD DISCUSSION: Tensile strength measures load per cross-section area at rupture, whereas burst strength measures load required to break a wound, regardless of dimension. Therefore, skin wounds have ... a slower rate for more than a year. Wounds do not regain the strength of normal tissue

The Maximum spacing of Main reinforcement „m‟ slabs shall be [ A ] Less than three times of the effective depth [ B ] Less than 300mm [ C ] Smaller of (a) and (b) [ D ] Greater of (a) and (b)

Description : The Maximum spacing of Main reinforcement „m‟ slabs shall be [ A ] Less than three times of the effective depth [ B ] Less than 300mm [ C ] Smaller of (a) and (b) [ D ] Greater of (a) and (b)

Last Answer : [ C ] Smaller of (a) and (b)

Though the effective depth of a T-beam is the distance between the top compression edge to the centre of the tensile reinforcement, for heavy loads, it is taken as (A) 1/8th of the span (B) 1/10th of the span (C) 1/12th of the span (D) 1/16th of the span

Description : Though the effective depth of a T-beam is the distance between the top compression edge to the centre of the tensile reinforcement, for heavy loads, it is taken as (A) 1/8th of the span (B) 1/10th of the span (C) 1/12th of the span (D) 1/16th of the span

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

The minimum strain at failure in the tensile reinforcement (Fy = 400 MPa) of RCC beam as per limit state method is (a) 0.0020 (b) 0.0028 (c) 0.0037 (d) 0.0045

Description : The minimum strain at failure in the tensile reinforcement (Fy = 400 MPa) of RCC beam as per limit state method is (a) 0.0020 (b) 0.0028 (c) 0.0037 (d) 0.0045

Last Answer : (c) 0.0037

The effective depth of a T-beam is the distance between the (a) Centre of the flange and the top of the tensile reinforcement (b) Top of the flange and the centre of the tensile reinforcement (c) Bottom of the flange and the centre of the tensile reinforcement (d) Centre of the flange and the bottom centre of the tensile reinforcement

Description : The effective depth of a T-beam is the distance between the (a) Centre of the flange and the top of the tensile reinforcement (b) Top of the flange and the centre of the tensile ... centre of the tensile reinforcement (d) Centre of the flange and the bottom centre of the tensile reinforcement

Last Answer : (b) Top of the flange and the centre of the tensile reinforcement

In a T-beam, the vertical distance between the bottom of the flange and the centre of the tensile reinforcement is (a) Breadth of flange (b) Thickness of flange (c) Breadth of slab (d) Depth of rib

Description : In a T-beam, the vertical distance between the bottom of the flange and the centre of the tensile reinforcement is (a) Breadth of flange (b) Thickness of flange (c) Breadth of slab (d) Depth of rib

Last Answer : (d) Depth of rib

In a doubly reinforced beam , steel reinforcement is provided in a (a) Tensile zone (b) Compression zone (c) Either (a) & (b) (d) Both (a) & (b)

Description : In a doubly reinforced beam , steel reinforcement is provided in a (a) Tensile zone (b) Compression zone (c) Either (a) & (b) (d) Both (a) & (b)

Last Answer : (d) Both (a) & (b)