1. Forebrain
2. Hindbrain
1. Forebrain
It is the largest part of the brain. It consists of three main parts
I. Cerebrum
II. Thalamus
III. Hypothalamus
Cerebrum is the topmost and the largest part of the brain.
It controls many actions like thinking, feelings, emotions, seeing, hearing, perceptions, memory, speech, decision making, etc.
Inside cerebrum there is a small structure called thalamus. It controls many sensory functions.
Hypothalamus lies at the base of thalamus. It controls body temperature, hunger and thirst.
2. Hindbrain
It consists of three main parts
I. Cerebellum
II. Pons
III. Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum lies under the back part of cerebrum. It acts as a controller for maintaining balance and accurate movements.
Pons is oval structure and present beneath the midbrain.
It controls many function like sleeping, swallowing, equilibrium and taste etc.
Medulla oblongata is connected with the spinal cord. It controls heartbeat, breathing and digestion etc. it also keeps working when rest of brain goes to sleep.
3. Neuron or Nerve Cell
Neuron or nerve cell is the basic structure and functional unit of the nervous system. All parts of the nervous system are made up of neurons. It consists of three main parts
I. Cell body
II. Dendrites
III. Axon
I. Cell body
The part of neuron containing nucleus and most of the cytoplasm is called cell body.
II. Dendrites
A fine projection of the cell body that receives messages is called dendrites.
III. Axon
A long projection of the cell body that conducts messages away from the cell body is called axon. Terminal ends of the axons transmit the messages to the next cells.
4. Nephron
It is the functional unit of kidneys. It consists of two main parts
I. Renal corpuscle
II. Renal tubule
These are the tubules where urine is formed. There are over one million nephrons in each kidney.