Describe construction of bimetallic thermometer

Describe construction of bimetallic thermometer
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Answer :

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Construction and working : Figure shows construction of bimetallic thermometer, it consists of bimetallic strip usually in the form of a cantilever beam, which is prepared from two thin strips of different metals having different coefficient of thermal expansion. The bonding of two strips is done by welding such that they can not move relative to each other. Brass is used as a high expansion metal and Invar (alloy of iron-nickel) is used as low expansion metal. As the temperature applied to the strip increases, there is deflection of the free end of the strip as shown in figure. The length of metal will change according to the individual expansion rate. As one end of bimetallic strip is fixed, the strip will bend at free end towards the side that of low coefficient of thermal expansion metal. The deflection of the free end is directly proportional to the square of the length of the metal strip, as well as to the total change in temperature, and is inversely proportional to the thickness of the metal. Pointer is attached to the free end to indicate the temperature.


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Construction and working : Figure shows construction of bimetal helix thermometer. The sensitivity of simple strip type thermometer is improved by using a longer strip in a helical shape. The element is in a protective sheath. One end of the strip is fixed to the casing and other is free and conveniently connected to the pointer. The pointer scale assemble gives the read. The pointer sweeps over a circular dial graduated in degrees of temperature. As the temperature change, the bimetal expands and the helical bimetal rotates at its free end also moves the pointer to a new position on the sale.


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Spiral Bimetallic Thermometer

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Construction and working : As shown in figure, the bimetallic element is wound in the form of spiral shape. The element in spiral shape is fastened to a case i.e. fixed at one end and pointer is attached to the free end of element. Calibrated scale is provided for indicating temperature. Total assembly is encapsulated in housing. As the temperature increases the spiral coil element is tightened. As it coils, counterpost rotates clockwise, thus the pointer attached to the post also moves on a calibrated scale. This type of thermometer is used in homes and offices for indicating ambient temperature.


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