(1) CaCO3 Explanation: Stalactites and stalagmites are formed by water dripping or flowing from fractures on the ceiling of a cave. The dominant mineral in them is calcite (calcium carbonate) or CaCaO3. Their largest displays are formed in caves of limestone and dolomite. Other minerals that may be deposited include other carbonates, opal, chalcedony, limonite, and some sulfides.