Consider the following statements: 1. Even when a nerve cell is not conducting an impulse, it is actively transporting K+ and Na+ ions in and out respectively against their concentration gradients at the expense of energy 2. As a consequence of the operation of the Na- K pump, there is a concentration gradient for Na+ and K+ ions. 3. As a result, K+ diffuse out of the cell, and Na+ ions into the cell. 4. Eventually, there is difference in charge on either said of the membrane, positive inside and negative outside. Which of the above statements is/are untrue? (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2, 4 (c) 2, 4 (d) 4 only

Consider the following statements: 1. Even when a nerve cell is not conducting an impulse, it is actively transporting K+ and Na+ ions in and out respectively against their concentration gradients at the expense of energy 2. As a consequence of the operation of the Na- K pump, there is a concentration gradient for Na+ and K+ ions. 3. As a result, K+ diffuse out of the cell, and Na+ ions into the cell. 4. Eventually, there is difference in charge on either said of the membrane, positive inside and negative outside. Which of the above statements is/are untrue? (a) 1 only (b) 1, 2, 4 (c) 2, 4 (d) 4 only
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When a neuron is in resting state i.e., not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is (a) comparatively more permeable to Na+ ions and nearly impermeable to K+ ions (b) equally permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions (c) impermeable to both Na+ and K+ ions (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

Description : When a neuron is in resting state i.e., not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is (a) comparatively more permeable to Na+ ions and nearly impermeable to K+ ions (b) equally permeable to both ... + and K+ ions (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

Last Answer : (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive (a) K+ into the cell (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell (c) Na+ into the cell (d) Na+ out of the cell.

Description : In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive (a) K+ into the cell (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell (c) Na+ into the cell (d) Na+ out of the cell.

Last Answer : c) Na+ into the cell

There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning energy converting transport? a. The site of energy conversion and transport in the plasma membrane involves the phospholipid component b. The Na+-K++-ATPase derives energy from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP c. In some systems, energy inherent in the transmembrane ion gradient can be used to drive transport of a second species d. Examples of species transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

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Last Answer : (d) First negative, then positive and again back to negative.

Which ion is actively transported to the outside of cell membrane a. K b. Cl c. Na d. HCo3

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Description : Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on (a) membrane potential (b) accumulation of Na+ ions (c) accumulation of K+ ions (d) proton gradient.

Last Answer : (d) proton gradient

The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the concentration gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

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Last Answer : is terminated by efflux of K+

$ Positive diffusion occurs against the concentration gradients. ! Osmosis does not require a semi-permeable membrane.

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Last Answer : $ Positive diffusion occurs against the concentration gradients. ! Osmosis does not require a semi-permeable ... D. If both As and R are wrong.

A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance of these differences is/are true? a. The cell membrane is able to maintain a 10,000 fold gradient between the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium and the intracellular concentration b. The key to these differences is the fact that the plasma membrane is normally impermeable to sodium, potassium and calcium c. The selectivity of biologic membranes is highly consistent and seldom changes d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

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A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neuro- hormonal control system? (a) Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla. (b) Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse. (c) Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain. (d) Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal cortex.

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Last Answer : (a) Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla.

A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neuro-hormonal control system ? (1) Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrin and norepinephrin from adrenal cortex (2) Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrin and norepinephrin from adrenal medulla (3) Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse (4) Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain

Description : A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neuro-hormonal control system ? (1 ... across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse (4) Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain

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Depolarization of axolemma during nerve conduction takes place because of (a) equal amount of Na+ and K+ move out across axolemma (b) Na+ move inside and K+ move more outside (c) more Na+ outside (d) none of these.

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Last Answer : (b) Na+ move inside and K+ move more outside

Consider a neutral conducting sphere. A positive point charge is placed outside the sphere. The net charge on the sphere is then,

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Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane. (c) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Description : Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell ... towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Last Answer : (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson.

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson (2) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport (3) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane (4) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part

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hat is/are the consequence(s) of myocardial Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition by digoxin: A. Increased intracellular Na+ ion concentration B. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration C. Increased intracellular K+ ion concentration D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

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A key process in metabolism is the transport of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Explain which arrangement of hydrogen ions (unequal concentration or equal concentration) allows work to be done.

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What area around it so has a high concentration of sodium ions are the result the cell membrane expands and burst which problem was the cell most likely having?

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Last Answer : What is the answer ?

The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+, K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited c. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ d. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

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The movement of Ions against the concentration gradient will be -

Description : The movement of Ions against the concentration gradient will be -

Last Answer : The movement of Ions against the concentration gradient will be - A. Active transport B. Osmosis C. Diffusion D. All

The movement of Ions against the concentration gradient will be -

Description : The movement of Ions against the concentration gradient will be -

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The movement of ions against the concentration gradient will be (a) active transport (b) osmosis (c) diffusion (d) all of the above.

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Which ion is found in greater concentration outside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

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During the nerve impulse transmission, following ion or ions may play significant roles D A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Chloride D. All of these

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During the nerve impulse transmission, following ion or ions may play significant roles D A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Chloride D. All of these

Description : During the nerve impulse transmission, following ion or ions may play significant roles D A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Chloride D. All of these

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A resting nerve is relatively resistant to blockade by lignocaine compared to one which is repeatedly stimulated because: A. Lignocaine penetrates resting nerve membrane poorly B. Lignocaine binds more avidly to the inactivated Na+ channel C. Nerve impulse promotes ionization of lignocaine D. Nodes of Ranvier are inaccessible in the resting state

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Tetrodotoxin blocks nerve impulse/junctional transmission by: A. Anticholinergic action B. Depleting acetylcholine C. Blocking Na+ channels D. Blocking Ca2+ channels

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Tetrodotoxin blocks nerve impulse/junctional transmission by: A. Anticholinergic action B. Depleting acetylcholine C. Blocking Na+ channels D. Blocking Ca2+ channels

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Last Answer : C. Blocking Na+ channels

Active and passive transports across cell membrane differ in (a) passive transport is nonselective(b) passive transport is along the concentration gradient while active transport is due to metabolic energy (c) active transport is more rapid (d) passive transport is confined to anions while active transport is confined to cations.

Description : Active and passive transports across cell membrane differ in (a) passive transport is nonselective (b) passive transport is along the concentration gradient while active transport is due to metabolic ... (d) passive transport is confined to anions while active transport is confined to cations.

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According to widely accepted “fluid mosaic model” cell membranes are semi-fluid, where lipids and integral proteins can diffuse randomly. In recent years, this model has been modified in several respects. In this regard, which of the following statements is incorrect? (a) Proteins in cell membranes can travel within the lipid bilayer. (b) Proteins can also undergo flip-flop movements in the lipid bilayer. (c) Proteins can remain confined within certain domains of the membrane.(d) Many proteins remain completely embedded within the lipid bilayer.

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Which ion is found in greater concentration inside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Description : Which ion is found in greater concentration inside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

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Three points A, B and C 500 m apart on a straight road have 500 m, 505 m and 510 m as their reduced levels. The road is said to have (A) No gradient between A and C (B) A positive gradient between A and C (C) A negative gradient between A and C (D) A negative gradient between A and B

Description : Three points A, B and C 500 m apart on a straight road have 500 m, 505 m and 510 m as their reduced levels. The road is said to have (A) No gradient between A and C (B) A positive gradient between A and C (C) A negative gradient between A and C (D) A negative gradient between A and B

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

The difference in gradients after full super-elevation and the initial alignment of a road, is known as (A) Ruling gradient(B) Rising gradient (C) Compensated gradient (D) Differential gradient

Description : The difference in gradients after full super-elevation and the initial alignment of a road, is known as (A) Ruling gradient (B) Rising gradient (C) Compensated gradient (D) Differential gradient

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

"Sodium Pump" operates in - (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Description : "Sodium Pump" operates in - (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Last Answer : (3) Nerve impulse Explanation: Na+/K+-ATPase (also known as sodium-potassium pump) is an enzyme located in the plasma them brane of virtually every human cell and is common to all cellular ... are voltagegated, which means that they can open and close depending on the voltage across the membrane.

“Sodium Pump” operates in (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Description : “Sodium Pump” operates in (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Last Answer : Nerve impulse

From any point on the surface with a given inclination (A) Only one contour gradient is possible (B) Two contour gradients are possible (C) Indefinite contour gradients are possible (D) All of the above

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning metabolic derangements in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may follow progressive shock? a. Alterations in glucose metabolism lead to the development of efficient substrate utilization b. A progressive rise in serum triglyceride levels result from less efficient clearance and increased hepatic lipogenesis c. A net negative nitrogen balance occurs due to the oxidative metabolism of proteins to meet energy needs d. The serum aromatic amino acids fall rapidly as they are actively used in oxidative metabolism

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning metabolic derangements in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may follow progressive shock? a. Alterations in glucose ... The serum aromatic amino acids fall rapidly as they are actively used in oxidative metabolism

Last Answer : Answer: b, c A broad spectrum of metabolic abnormalities become apparent in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome following shock. Disruption of the normal cycles of carbohydrate, ... acetyl coenzyme A. This results in reduced serum level of leucine, isoleucine and valine

Five coulombs of charge are placed on a thin-walled conducting shell. Once the charge has come to rest, the electric potential inside the hollow conducting shell is found to be: w) zero x) uniform inside the sphere and equal to the electric potential on the surface of the sphere y) smaller than the electric potential outside the sphere z) varying as one over r squared.

Description : Five coulombs of charge are placed on a thin-walled conducting shell. Once the charge has come to rest, the electric potential inside the hollow conducting shell is found to be: w) zero x) uniform ... sphere y) smaller than the electric potential outside the sphere z) varying as one over r squared.

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- UNIFORM INSIDE THE SPHERE AND EQUAL TO THE ELECTRIC OTENT

Poisons like cyanide inhibit Na+ efflux and K+ influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by an injection of ATP. This demonstrates that (a) ATP is the carrier protein in the transport system (b) energy for Na+-K+ exchange pump comes from ATP (c) ATP is hydrolysed by ATPase to release energy (d) Na+-K+ exchange pump operates in the cell.

Description : Poisons like cyanide inhibit Na+ efflux and K+ influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by an injection of ATP. This demonstrates that (a) ATP is the carrier protein in the ... is hydrolysed by ATPase to release energy (d) Na+-K+ exchange pump operates in the cell.

Last Answer : (b) energy for Na+-K+ exchange pump comes from ATP

A nerve impulse is essentially a wave of A A. Electrical charge B. Mechanical Charge C. Magnetic charge D. All of the these

Description : A nerve impulse is essentially a wave of  A A. Electrical charge B. Mechanical Charge C. Magnetic charge D. All of the these

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A nerve impulse is essentially a wave of a. mechanical charge b. electrical charge c. Both d. None

Description : A nerve impulse is essentially a wave of a. mechanical charge b. electrical charge c. Both d. None

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The gradients of trace cuts for hilly roads, are kept (A) Equal to ruling gradient (B) 10 to 20 per cent easier than ruling gradients (C) 10 to 20 per cent steeper than ruling gradients (D) None of these

Description : The gradients of trace cuts for hilly roads, are kept (A) Equal to ruling gradient (B) 10 to 20 per cent easier than ruling gradients (C) 10 to 20 per cent steeper than ruling gradients (D) None of these

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Steep gradients which need extra engine for hauling is known as a) Pusher gradient* b) Rulling Gradient c) Reasonable gradient d) Momentum gradient

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Last Answer : a) Pusher gradient

The principal action common to all class I antiarrhythmic drugs is: A. Na+ channel blockade B. K+ channel opening C. Depression of impulse conduction D. Prolongation of effective refractory period

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Last Answer : A. Na+ channel blockade

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning water movement across cell membranes? a. Water moves only actively through cell membrane transport proteins b. For most cells of the body, the transmembrane hydrostatic pressure is 0 c. Water distribution is determined entirely by solute distribution d. Specialized cells such as the glomerulus of the kidney actively transport water to maintain hydrostatic pressure

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Omeprazole exerts practically no other action except inhibition of gastric acid secretion because: A. It transforms into the active cationic forms only in the acidic pH of the gastric juice B. Its active forms have selective affinity for the H+K+ATPase located in the apical canaliculi of gastric parietal cells C. Its cationic forms are unable to diffuse out from the gastric parietal cell canaliculi D. All of the above

Description : Omeprazole exerts practically no other action except inhibition of gastric acid secretion because: A. It transforms into the active cationic forms only in the acidic pH of the gastric juice B. Its ... forms are unable to diffuse out from the gastric parietal cell canaliculi D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above