Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on (a) membrane potential (b) accumulation of Na+ ions (c) accumulation of K+ ions (d) proton gradient.

Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the
chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on
(a) membrane potential
(b) accumulation of Na+ ions
(c) accumulation of K+ ions
(d) proton gradient.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

(d) proton gradient
by

Related questions

Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on

Description : Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on

Last Answer : Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on A. Proton ... . Accumalation of Na ions D. Membrane potential

The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because (a) a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane(b) there is a change in the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane toward adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (c) high energy bonds are formed in mitochondrial proteins (d) ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Description : The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposes that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed because (a) a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane (b) there is a ... mitochondrial proteins (d) ADP is pumped out of the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Last Answer : (a) a proton gradient forms across the inner membrane

There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning energy converting transport? a. The site of energy conversion and transport in the plasma membrane involves the phospholipid component b. The Na+-K++-ATPase derives energy from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP c. In some systems, energy inherent in the transmembrane ion gradient can be used to drive transport of a second species d. Examples of species transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Description : There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s ... transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The selectivity of the plasma membrane, although impressive, cannot account for the nonequilibrium composition of living cells. A cell can be maintained in a nonequilibrium state only by ... to drive the transport of a second species such as protons, calcium, amino acids, or glucose

The mechanism of ATP formation both in chloroplast and mitochondria is explained by (a) chemiosmotic theory (b) Munch’s hypothesis (mass flow model) (c) relay pump theory of Godlewski (d) Cholodny-Wont’s model.

Description : The mechanism of ATP formation both in chloroplast and mitochondria is explained by (a) chemiosmotic theory (b) Munch’s hypothesis (mass flow model) (c) relay pump theory of Godlewski (d) Cholodny-Wont’s model.

Last Answer : (a) chemiosmotic theory

The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the concentration gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

Description : The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the ... the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

Last Answer : is terminated by efflux of K+

Explain how during light reaction of photosynthesis, ATP synthesis is a chemiosmotic phenomenon. -Biology

Description : Explain how during light reaction of photosynthesis, ATP synthesis is a chemiosmotic phenomenon. -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Write the requriement for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis

Description : Write the requriement for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis

Last Answer : Write the requriement for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis

What does the stomata open? (I) When the guard cells are in flaccid condition (ll) When there is an accumulation of K ions in the guard cells (III) When water enters into the guard cells (IV) When the water potential of guard cells is lower than that of adjacent cells (A) II, III and IV I and IV (B) I and III (C) (D) None

Description : What does the stomata open? (I) When the guard cells are in flaccid condition (ll) When there is an accumulation of K ions in the guard cells (III) When water enters into the guard cells (IV) When the water potential of ... of adjacent cells (A) II, III and IV I and IV (B) I and III (C) (D) None

Last Answer : (A) II, III and IV

When a neuron is in resting state i.e., not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is (a) comparatively more permeable to Na+ ions and nearly impermeable to K+ ions (b) equally permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions (c) impermeable to both Na+ and K+ ions (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

Description : When a neuron is in resting state i.e., not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is (a) comparatively more permeable to Na+ ions and nearly impermeable to K+ ions (b) equally permeable to both ... + and K+ ions (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

Last Answer : (d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions.

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane. (c) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Description : Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. (a) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport. (b) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell ... towards the inner part. (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Last Answer : (d) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson.

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson (2) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by passive transport (3) Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane (4) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part

Description : Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson (2) Na+ and K+ ions move across cell membrane by ... of the cell membrane (4) Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part

Last Answer : (1) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of (a) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid (b) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (c) K+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (d) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.

Description : During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of (a) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid (b) Na+ ions from extracellular ... extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid (d) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.

Last Answer : (b) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

A plant cell is distinguished from an animal cell by the presence of (a) Nucleus (b) Chloroplasts (c) Cell membrane (d) Mitochondria

Description : A plant cell is distinguished from an animal cell by the presence of (a) Nucleus (b) Chloroplasts (c) Cell membrane (d) Mitochondria

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Select the wrong statement from the following. (a) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane. (b) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA. (c) The chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria. (d) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane.

Description : Select the wrong statement from the following. (a) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane. (b) Both chloroplasts and ... mitochondria. (d) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane.

Last Answer : (a) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane.

Which one of the following cell organelles is enclosed by a single membrane? (a) Lysosomes (b) Nuclei (c) Mitochondria (d) Chloroplasts

Description : Which one of the following cell organelles is enclosed by a single membrane? (a) Lysosomes (b) Nuclei (c) Mitochondria (d) Chloroplasts

Last Answer : (a) Lysosomes

Which of the following is not true for eukaryotic cells? A- Nucleus is bounded by nuclear membrane B- Chromosomes contain histones C- Chloroplasts and mitochondria contains 70S ribosomes D- Gas vacuoles are present

Description : Which of the following is not true for eukaryotic cells? A- Nucleus is bounded by nuclear membrane B- Chromosomes contain histones C- Chloroplasts and mitochondria contains 70S ribosomes D- Gas vacuoles are present

Last Answer : Gas vacuoles are present

Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion in the renal collecting duct cells by: A. Inducing synthesis of Na+K+ATPase B. Inducing synthesis of amiloride sensitive Na+ channels C. Translocating Na+ channels from cytosolic site to luminal membrane D. All of the above

Description : Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion in the renal collecting duct cells by: A. Inducing synthesis of Na+K+ATPase B. Inducing synthesis of amiloride sensitive Na+ channels C. Translocating Na+ channels from cytosolic site to luminal membrane D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

The movement of water, from one cell of cortex to adjacent one in roots, is due to (a) accumulation of inorganic salts in the cells (b) accumulation of organic compounds in the cells (c) water potential gradient (d) chemical potential gradient.

Description : The movement of water, from one cell of cortex to adjacent one in roots, is due to (a) accumulation of inorganic salts in the cells (b) accumulation of organic compounds in the cells (c) water potential gradient (d) chemical potential gradient.

Last Answer : (c) water potential gradient

The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+, K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited c. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ d. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

Description : The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+ ... the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

Last Answer : is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+

The following processes depend on changes in membrane conductance to Na and K. a. Action potential b. depolarization c. repolarization d. all of them

Description : The following processes depend on changes in membrane conductance to Na and K. a. Action potential b. depolarization c. repolarization d. all of them

Last Answer : all of them

Which is correct about cell theory in view of current status of our knowledge about cell structure? (a) It needs modification due to discovery of subcellular structures like chloroplasts and mitochondria. (b) Modified cell theory means that all living being are composed of cells capable of reproducing. (c) Cell theory does not hold good because all living beings (e.g., viruses) do not have cellular organisation. (d) Cell theory means that all living objects consists of cells whether or not capable of reproducing

Description : Which is correct about cell theory in view of current status of our knowledge about cell structure? (a) It needs modification due to discovery of subcellular structures like chloroplasts and ... Cell theory means that all living objects consists of cells whether or not capable of reproducing

Last Answer : (c) Cell theory does not hold good because all living beings (e.g., viruses) do not have cellular organisation.

In glycolysis, ATP is created by A.photophosphorylation B.the chemiosmotic mechanism C.substrate level phosphorylation D.the pentose phosphate pathway

Description : In glycolysis, ATP is created by A.photophosphorylation B.the chemiosmotic mechanism C.substrate level phosphorylation D.the pentose phosphate pathway

Last Answer : C.substrate level phosphorylation

A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance of these differences is/are true? a. The cell membrane is able to maintain a 10,000 fold gradient between the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium and the intracellular concentration b. The key to these differences is the fact that the plasma membrane is normally impermeable to sodium, potassium and calcium c. The selectivity of biologic membranes is highly consistent and seldom changes d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell

A key process in metabolism is the transport of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Explain which arrangement of hydrogen ions (unequal concentration or equal concentration) allows work to be done.

Description : A key process in metabolism is the transport of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Explain which arrangement of hydrogen ions (unequal concentration or equal concentration) allows work to be done.

Last Answer : It is clear that an unequal concentration, not an equal one, would be the only possibility that work will be done; the unequal concentration of hydrogen ions would allow them to flow across the membrane and increase not only entropy but also work.

The electron transport chain within the inner mitochondrial membrane creates a gradient of ____________ across the inner membrane which is utilized to drive the activity of ATP synthase and the generation of ATP.

Description : The electron transport chain within the inner mitochondrial membrane creates a gradient of ____________ across the inner membrane which is utilized to drive the activity of ATP synthase and the generation of ATP.

Last Answer : Hydrogen (H+ ions) or protons

Where is ATP produced in prokaryotic cells? a. In The Mitochondria b. In The Chloroplast c. On The Cell Membrane d. On The Ribosomes

Description : Where is ATP produced in prokaryotic cells? a. In The Mitochondria b. In The Chloroplast c. On The Cell Membrane d. On The Ribosomes

Last Answer : b. In The Chloroplast

Actions of 5-HT2 receptor activation are primarily mediated by: A. Increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions B. Increased formation of cAMP C. Activation of guanylyl cyclase D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Description : Actions of 5-HT2 receptor activation are primarily mediated by: A. Increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions B. Increased formation of cAMP C. Activation of guanylyl cyclase D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Last Answer : D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

Select the alternative giving correct identification and function of the organelle ‘A’ in the diagram. (a) Mitochondria - Produce cellular energy in the form of ATP (b) Golgi body - Provides packaging material (c) Lysosomes - Secrete hydrolytic enzymes (d) Endoplasmic reticulum - Synthesis of lipids

Description : Select the alternative giving correct identification and function of the organelle A' in the diagram. (a) Mitochondria - Produce cellular energy in the form of ATP (b) Golgi body - ... packaging material (c) Lysosomes - Secrete hydrolytic enzymes (d) Endoplasmic reticulum - Synthesis of lipids

Last Answer : (a) Mitochondria - Produce cellular energy in the form of ATP

The site of enzymes directing the metabolic oxidation (respiration), ATP synthesis and considered as power house of cell are (A) Lysosomes (B) Microsomes (C) Mitochondria (D) Golgi apparatus

Description : The site of enzymes directing the metabolic oxidation (respiration), ATP synthesis and considered as power house of cell are (A) Lysosomes (B) Microsomes (C) Mitochondria (D) Golgi apparatus

Last Answer : (C) Mitochondria

The chemiosmotic theory ofr photophosphorylatrion was given by

Description : The chemiosmotic theory ofr photophosphorylatrion was given by

Last Answer : The chemiosmotic theory ofr photophosphorylatrion was given by A. P-Mitchell B. Amon C. Arnold D. Anderson

Chemiosmotic theory for oxidative phosphorylation has been proposed by (A) Chance and Williams (B) Pauling and Corey (C) S. Waugh (D) P. Mitchell

Description : Chemiosmotic theory for oxidative phosphorylation has been proposed by (A) Chance and Williams (B) Pauling and Corey (C) S. Waugh (D) P. Mitchell

Last Answer : Answer : D

At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on the electron removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular `O_(2)` with simultaneous synthesis of A

Description : At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on the electron removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular `O_(2)` with simultaneous synthesis of A

Last Answer : At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on the electron removed as part of the hydrogen atoms ... (2)` with simultaneous synthesis of ATP occurs.

At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on the electron removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular `O_(2)` with simultaneous synthesis of A

Description : At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on the electron removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular `O_(2)` with simultaneous synthesis of A

Last Answer : At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on the electron removed as part of the hydrogen atoms ... (2)` with simultaneous synthesis of ATP occurs.

Which of the following ribosomes are engaged in protein synthesis in animal cell? (a) Ribosomes which occur on nuclear membrane and ER (b) Ribosomes of only cytosol (c) Ribosomes of only nucleolus and cytosol (d) Ribosomes of only mitochondria and cytosol

Description : Which of the following ribosomes are engaged in protein synthesis in animal cell? (a) Ribosomes which occur on nuclear membrane and ER (b) Ribosomes of only cytosol (c) Ribosomes of only nucleolus and cytosol (d) Ribosomes of only mitochondria and cytosol

Last Answer : (a) poleward movement

Pyruvate kinase requires ______ ions for maximum activity. (A) Na+ (B) K+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Description : Pyruvate kinase requires ______ ions for maximum activity. (A) Na+ (B) K+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Last Answer : B

Which of the metallic ions is essential for blood clotting? (1) Na+ (2) Ca++ (3) K+ (4) Fe++

Description : Which of the metallic ions is essential for blood clotting? (1) Na+ (2) Ca++ (3) K+ (4) Fe++

Last Answer : (2) Ca++ Explanation: Clotting also requires: calcium ions (Ca2+)(which is why blood banks use a chelating agent to bind the calcium in donated blood so the blood will not clot in the bag). about a dozen other protein clotting factors.

The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antiimicrobial action is (a) They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane (b) They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (c) They bind to 50S ribosomes and interfere with translocation of the growing peptide chain in the bacteria (d) They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antiimicrobial action is (a) They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane (b) They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria (d) They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Last Answer : Ans: B

The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antimicrobial action is: A. They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis C. They bind to 50S ribosomes and interfere with translocation of the growing peptide chain in the bacteria D. They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antimicrobial action is: A. They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane B. They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria D. They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Last Answer : B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

Na+/K+-ATPase along with ATP requires (A) Ca (B) Mn (C) Mg (D) Cl

Description : Na+/K+-ATPase along with ATP requires (A) Ca (B) Mn (C) Mg (D) Cl

Last Answer : Answer : C

NH+ 4 aminates glutamate to form glutamine requiring ATP and (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca++ (D) Mg++

Description : NH+ 4 aminates glutamate to form glutamine requiring ATP and (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca++ (D) Mg++

Last Answer : Answer : D

The endothelium: a. maintains the integrity of the corneal stroma through an ATP-Na+, K+-dependent pump b. receives its nutrient from the blood vessels surrounding the cornea c. undergoes multiplication in response to trauma d. contains tight junction between adjacent endothelium

Description : The endothelium: a. maintains the integrity of the corneal stroma through an ATP-Na+, K+-dependent pump b. receives its nutrient from the blood vessels surrounding the cornea c. undergoes multiplication in response to trauma d. contains tight junction between adjacent endothelium

Last Answer : maintains the integrity of the corneal stroma through an ATP-Na+, K+-dependent pump

Poisons like cyanide inhibit Na+ efflux and K+ influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by an injection of ATP. This demonstrates that (a) ATP is the carrier protein in the transport system (b) energy for Na+-K+ exchange pump comes from ATP (c) ATP is hydrolysed by ATPase to release energy (d) Na+-K+ exchange pump operates in the cell.

Description : Poisons like cyanide inhibit Na+ efflux and K+ influx during cellular transport. This inhibitory effect is reversed by an injection of ATP. This demonstrates that (a) ATP is the carrier protein in the ... is hydrolysed by ATPase to release energy (d) Na+-K+ exchange pump operates in the cell.

Last Answer : (b) energy for Na+-K+ exchange pump comes from ATP

All of the following statements about the enzymic complex that carries out the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation are correct except (A) It is located on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane (B) It is inhibited by oligomycin (C) It can exhibit ATPase activity (D) It can bind molecular O2

Description : All of the following statements about the enzymic complex that carries out the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation are correct except (A) It is located on the matrix side of the inner ... inhibited by oligomycin (C) It can exhibit ATPase activity (D) It can bind molecular O2

Last Answer : D

Which of the following statements are true of oxidants? A. In addition to their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation, injury, and infection, oxidants also have physiologic roles. B. Oxidants may be generated from activated neutrophils and during reperfusion following a period of ischemia. C. The deleterious effects of oxidants include lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, oxidative damage to DNA, and inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. D. The mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury involved the catalytic production of superoxide anion (O 2•) by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of oxidants? A. In addition to their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation, injury, and infection, oxidants also have physiologic roles. B. Oxidants may ... involved the catalytic production of superoxide anion (O 2 ) by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Last Answer : Answer: ABCD DISCUSSION: Oxidants are reactive oxygen metabolites that have both physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. As potent oxidizing agents, oxidants are involved in cytochrome P ... leukocyte infiltration and activation, causing further tissue damage by the release of cytotoxic proteases

In the neurone: a. the magnitude of the action potential is dependent on the strength of the stimulus b. impulses can travel in both direction c. depolarization is accompanied by increased permeability of the cell membrane to potassium ions d. during depolarization, the potential of the neurone changes from -70mV to +40mV

Description : In the neurone: a. the magnitude of the action potential is dependent on the strength of the stimulus b. impulses can travel in both direction c. depolarization is accompanied by increased ... potassium ions d. during depolarization, the potential of the neurone changes from -70mV to +40mV

Last Answer : during depolarization, the potential of the neurone changes from -70mV to +40mV

What are the common properties shared by chloroplasts and mitochondria? -Biology

Description : What are the common properties shared by chloroplasts and mitochondria? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Cells contain smaller parts known as organelles. The nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles are all examples of organelles. What do these organelles have in common?

Description : Cells contain smaller parts known as organelles. The nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles are all examples of organelles. What do these organelles have in common?

Last Answer : They are all enclosed by a membrane.